The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NitRR)represents a promising approach toward achieving economically and environmentally sustainable ***,it remains a challenge to regulate the size effect of electrocata...
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The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NitRR)represents a promising approach toward achieving economically and environmentally sustainable ***,it remains a challenge to regulate the size effect of electrocatalysts to optimize the catalytic activity and ammonia ***,the Cu-based catalysts were tailored at the atomic level to exhibit a size gradient ranging from single-atom catalysts(SACs,0.15–0.35 nm)to single-cluster catalysts(SCCs,1.0–2.8 nm)and nanoparticles(NPs,20–30 nm),with the aim of studying the size effect for the NO_(3)^(-)-to-NH_(3) reduction ***,the Cu SCCs exhibit enhanced metal–substrate and metal–metal interactions by taking advantageous features of Cu SACs and Cu ***,Cu SCCs achieve exceptional electrocatalytic performance for the NitRR with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of ca.96%NH_(3)and the largest yield rate of ca.1.99 mg·h^(-1)·cm^(-2) at-0.5 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE).The theoretical calculation further reveals the size effect and coordination environment on the high catalytic activity and selectivity for the *** work provides a promising various size-controlled design strategy for aerogel-based catalysts effectively applied in various electrocatalytic reactions.
Magnesium alloys have received considerable research interest due to their lightweight,high specific strength and excellent ***,their plastic deformation is more complicated compared to cubic materials,primarily becau...
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Magnesium alloys have received considerable research interest due to their lightweight,high specific strength and excellent ***,their plastic deformation is more complicated compared to cubic materials,primarily because their low-symmetry hexagonal closepacked(hcp) crystal *** twinning is a crucial plastic deformation mechanism in magnesium,and twins can affect the evolution of microstructure by interacting with other lattice defects,thereby affecting the mechanical *** paper provides a review of the interactions between deformation twins and lattice defects,such as solute atoms,dislocations and twins,in magnesium and its *** review starts with interactions between twin boundaries and substitutional solutes like yttrium,zinc,silver,as well as interstitial solutes like hydrogen and *** is followed by twin-dislocation interactions,which mainly involve those between {10■2} tension or {10■1} compression twins and , or type *** following section examines twin-twin interactions,which occur either among the six variants of the same {10■2} or {10■1} twin,or between different types of *** resulting structures,including twin-twin junctions or boundaries,tension-tension double twin,and compression-tension double twin,are discussed in ***,this review highlights the remaining research issues concerning the interactions between twins and lattice defects in magnesium,and provides suggestions for future work in this area.
By decoupling temperature and flow fields through symmetry-correlated laser scan sequences,ISO-FLUCS enables quasi-isothermal optofluidic microscale *** technique offers precise control over fluid manipulation while m...
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By decoupling temperature and flow fields through symmetry-correlated laser scan sequences,ISO-FLUCS enables quasi-isothermal optofluidic microscale *** technique offers precise control over fluid manipulation while minimizing thermal damage.
In situ tensile testing in a scanning electron microscope(SEM)in conjunction with high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction(HR-EBSD)under load was used to characterize the evolution of geometrically necessary d...
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In situ tensile testing in a scanning electron microscope(SEM)in conjunction with high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction(HR-EBSD)under load was used to characterize the evolution of geometrically necessary dislocation(GND)densities at individual grain boundaries as a function of applied strain in a polycrystalline Mg-4Al *** increase in GND density was investigated at plastic strains of 0%,0.6%,2.2%,3.3% from the area including 76 grains and correlated with(i)geometric compatibility between slip systems across grain boundaries,and(ii)plastic *** develop expressions for the grain boundary GND density evolution as a function of plastic strain and plastic incompatibility,from which uniaxial tensile stress-strain response of polycrystalline Mg-4Al are computed and compared with experimental *** findings in this study contribute to understanding the mechanisms governing the strain hardening response of single-phase polycrystalline alloys and more reliable prediction of mechanical behaviors in diverse microstructures.
The increasing importance of high-purity isopropyl alcohol(IPA) in semiconductor processing technology has led to a higher demand for technologies capable of detecting impurities in I *** accurate and various impurity...
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The increasing importance of high-purity isopropyl alcohol(IPA) in semiconductor processing technology has led to a higher demand for technologies capable of detecting impurities in I *** accurate and various impurity detection technologies have been developed,most of them have limitations in real-time and repeatable detection of ***,for the first time,surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensor was developed utilizing graphene transferred Au film(Au/graphene) to detect sub-ppm levels of 2,4-dinitrophenol(2,4-DNP) dissolved in IPA and this sensor demonstrates the ability to detect 2,4-DNP in real-time with great reversibility.
Plastic waste in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles is creating new challenges, which in today’s scenario is a major concern in every industry. The defect in PET bottles mainly occurs due to improper selection ...
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Plastic waste in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles is creating new challenges, which in today’s scenario is a major concern in every industry. The defect in PET bottles mainly occurs due to improper selection of levels of process parameters during the production process. Therefore, optimizations of process parameters are very important to minimize the defects produced due to improper stretch blow molding process parameter selections. The study is carried out on 2 L bottle since they have the highest demand and the highest defect rate in the PET bottling sector. The PET bottles have been developed from the preform at various blowing temperature, blowing speed and blowing angle on commercially available SBM setup. The design and plan of experiments have been done according to L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi method. The optimization of process parameters has been done through the hybrid Taguchi grey relational analysis optimization technique on four factors namely: blowing temperature, first blow angle, second blow angle and blowing speed. Each value of parameter was taken at three levels in combination. The testing of all samples such as tensile test, wall thickness measurement and hoop stretch ratio measurement have been carried out as per ASTM standards. The morphology of the samples has been carried out through scanning electron microscope. A maximum tensile strength of 65 MPa, minimum hoop stretch ratio of 5.45 and a maximum wall thickness 0.24 mm was found at varying process parameter combinations. It has been observed that among the process parameters: blowing temperature was the most significant factor for minimizing defects while second blow angle was the least significant parameter. It was found that optimized values of the process parameters yielded 15% reduction in defects on PET bottles. The present study is expected to contribute significantly for the industries working in this field for carrying out production at optimum levels of process parameter
The growing need for stronger and more ductile structural materials has spurred an intense search for innovative,high-performance ***,alloys face a pervasive trade-off:high strength often comes at the expense of ducti...
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The growing need for stronger and more ductile structural materials has spurred an intense search for innovative,high-performance ***,alloys face a pervasive trade-off:high strength often comes at the expense of ductility and vice *** advent of high-entropy alloys(HEAs)offering both high strength and ductility has transformed this *** this work,we discuss the deformation mechanisms of HEAs,examine the foundations of the strength-ductility trade-off,and explore approaches for designing HEAs to surmount this ***,we analyze the factors that govern HEA-deformation performance,which in turn influence the HEA *** also propose a perspective on future research directions concerning the mechanical behavior of HEAs,highlighting potential breakthroughs and novel strategies to advance the field.
Equilibrium Gibbs'free energy calculations were used to determine metal segregation trends between boride and carbide solid solutions containing two metals that are relevant to dual phase high entropy *** model pr...
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Equilibrium Gibbs'free energy calculations were used to determine metal segregation trends between boride and carbide solid solutions containing two metals that are relevant to dual phase high entropy *** model predicted that Ti had the strongest tendency to segregate to the boride phase followed by Zr,Nb,Mo,V,Hf,and Ta,which matches experimental results of measured *** ratio of a metal in the carbide phase to the content of the same metal in the corresponding metal boride had a linear trend with the change in standard Gibbs'free energy of reaction for a metal carbide reacting with B_(4)C to produce its corresponding metal boride and *** proposed model was used to predict the changes in standard Gibbs'free energy for CrC→CrB_(2) to be−260 kJ and WC→WB_(2) to be 148 kJ,which indicates that Cr has the strongest segregation to the boride and W has the strongest segregation to the *** proposed model can be used to estimate the segregation of metals in dual phase high entropy boride-carbide ceramics of any boride/carbide ratio or metal content.
In the present work, the microstructure and texture evolution in commercially pure titanium subjected to blast assisted deformation has been investigated by means of electron backscattered diffraction and transmission...
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Based on the advantages of triply periodic minimal surface(TPMS)porous structures,extensive research on NiTi shape memory alloy TPMS scaffolds has been ***,the current reports about TPMS porous structures highly rely ...
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Based on the advantages of triply periodic minimal surface(TPMS)porous structures,extensive research on NiTi shape memory alloy TPMS scaffolds has been ***,the current reports about TPMS porous structures highly rely on the implicit equation,which limited the design *** this work,novel shell-based TPMS structures were designed and fabricated by laser powder bed *** comparisons of manufacturability,mechanical properties,and shape recovery responses between traditional solid-based and novel shell-based TPMS structures were *** indicated that the shell-based TPMS porous structures possessed larger Young's moduli and higher compressive ***,Diamond shell structure possessed the highest Young's moduli of 605.8±24.5MPa,while Gyroid shell structure possessed the highest compressive strength of 43.90±3.32 *** addition,because of the larger specific surface area,higher critical stress to induce martensite transformation,and lower austenite finish temperature,the Diamond shell porous structure exhibited much higher shape recovery performance(only 0.1%residual strain left at pre-strains of 6%)than other porous *** results substantially uncover the effects of structural topology on the mechanical properties and shape recovery responses of NiTi shape memory alloy scaffolds,and confirm the effectiveness of this novel structural design *** research can provide guidance for the structural design application of NiTi porous scaffolds in bone implants.
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