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Modeling and assessment of the techno-economic analysis of biogas and its potential for the generation of electricity from water hyacinth biomass

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Journal of engineering and Applied science 2024年第1期71卷 1-19页

作者： Asante, Enoch Asiedu, Nana Yaw Sarpong, Samuel Agyemang, Emmanuel Okoh Ajani, Ibrahim Ntiamoah, Augustine Adjaottor, Albert Amatey Addo, Ahmad Renewable Energy Systems Engineering Department Koforidua Technical University Eastern Region Koforidua Ghana Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Koforidua Technical University Eastern Region Koforidua Ghana Materials Engineering Department Faculty of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

The study presents the economic feasibility assessment of converting the produced biogas from water hyacinth biomass into electricity. Approximately, 0.3793 m3CH4/kgVS was generated from the water hyacinth biomass. The research indicated that the available water hyacinth population on the Lower Volta River in the year 2020 could potentially generate a methane yield of 53.676 × 106m3. The volume of methane gas generated had the potential to produce an annual electricity output of 110.792 × 106 kWh, which could be integrated into the national grid. The economic analysis indicated positive results with an initial total investment cost of $67,273,700. The project showed a positive net present value (NPV) of $8,923,769 and a levelized cost of 0.172 $/kWh. The simple payback and equity payback periods were determined to be 5.5 and 11.3 years, respectively. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis conducted showed that the project’s NPV remained positive when variations in input parameters such as initial cost, operations, and maintenance cost were less than 15% sensitive range. However, a 30% reduction in the feed-in tariff cost resulted in a negative NPV. In conclusion, biogas production from water hyacinth biomass in Ghana can make a significant contribution to the country’s energy mix and help alleviate the energy shortfall in rural areas. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Multi-objective design optimization of polymer spur gears using a hybrid approach

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Journal of engineering and Applied science 2024年第1期71卷 1-17页

作者： Elsiedy, Marah A. Hegazi, Hesham A. El-Kassas, Ahmed M. Zayed, Abdelhameed A. Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Faculty of Engineering Tanta University Tanta Egypt Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza12613 Egypt Design and Production Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering and Materials Science German University in Cairo Cairo11835 Egypt

Polymer gears are used in applications requiring small to moderate loads to effectively transmit power and use the limited place available as possible. Various commercial standards have been provided designers with the rating criteria and acquaintance of different polymer material properties for the process of design. However, the result was unsatisfactory in terms of economy, time, and the optimality of the product. Thus, classic and stochastic algorithms have been embraced to reach the best design of polymer gears. Taking advantage of the former and latter algorithm’ methods, optimal design of gears could be attained with an increased gear life span and decreased failure modes. In this study, polyoxymethylene (POM) spur gear set has been optimized combining the mathematical model from plastic standards and hybrid optimization approach of multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP). Weight and power loss were the objective functions. Five design variables were optimized with the satisfaction of bending and contact stresses, temperature, wear, and deformation as constraints. Solutions of the problem were formulated as Pareto optimal set. The results of multi-objective were compared with previously published single-objective optimization. The results favored multi-objective optimization (82.67%, 31.39% reduction in weight and power loss respectively) as it gave the best applicable solution fitting in real life situations. The results also went hand in hand with literature confirming the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. With the variation of operating parameters, various optimal designs could be obtained where the designers can choose the design that is suitable for a particular application. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Quadratic programming

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An efficient parameterized neural network enhanced multiscale finite element modeling for triply periodic minimal surface meta-structures and its applications for femur

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Journal of materials Research and Technology 2024年 30卷 6176-6194页

作者： Chen, Yan-Zhen Wang, Chu-Hao Hsieh, Tsung-Yeh Tung, Cheng-Che Chen, Po-Yu Huang, Tsung-Hui Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) multiscale structures are meta-structures known for their low-weight-high-strength property. Because of their delicate geometry and sheet-networks feature, a fine mesh is required for finite element analysis, which is computationally expensive for conventional direct numerical simulation. To resolve this issue, this study develops a neural network enhanced finite element method (NN-FEM) for parameterized TPMS multiscale meta-structures. The multiscale homogenization approach replaces the complicated representative volume elements (RVEs) with a surrogate homogenized material model. The surrogate process is accomplished by deep learning of artificial neural networks (NN) with an effective boundary displacement gradient and the Helmholtz free energy of RVEs. The NN-trained surrogate material model is deployed on the macroscale Galerkin finite element model for various field tests. The parameterized structural information of TPMS can also be embedded into the NN model to resolve the hidden constitutive relation of RVEs with unique geometries. Numerical examples are provided to benchmark the efficacy and efficiency of NN-FEM on the parameterized TPMS structure. The proposed model can be applied to femurs for rapid stress analysis and osteoporosis detection. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Finite element method

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Enhanced helium ion irradiation tolerance in a Fe-Co-Ni-Cr-Al-Ti high-entropy alloy with L12 nanoparticles

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Journal of materials science & Technology 2023年第12期143卷 169-177页

作者： Y.L.Zhao F.L.Meng T.Yang J.H.Luan S.F.Liu G.M.Yeli W.T.Lin W.H.Liu X.J.Liu C.T.Liu J.J.Kai School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China School of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Mechanical Behavior Division of Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institute of Nuclear&New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

L12-strengthened high entropy alloys(HEAs)with excellent room and high-temperature mechanical prop-erties have been proposed as promising candidates as structural materials for advanced nuclear ***,knowledge about their radiation response is fairly *** the present work,a novel HEA with a high density of L12 nanoparticles was irradiated with He ion at 500°*** electron microscope(TEM)and atom probe tomography(APT)were employed to study the evolution of mi-crostructural stability and radiation-induced *** to the single-phase FeCoNiCr HEA,the main microstructural features were numerous large faulted dislocation loops and helium *** the irradiation resistance of the present L12-strengthened HEA is much improved in terms of reduced bubble size,which could be attributed to the considerable He trapping efficiency of the coherent pre-cipitate/matrix interface and the enhanced capability of the interface for damage elimination when the matrix channel width is *** analysis revealed that an inverse-Kirkendall-mechanism-dominated radiation-induced segregation(RIS)occurs around bubbles,where a significant Co enrichment and Ni de-pletion can be clearly *** addition,the competing dynamics of ballistic mixing and elemental clustering that raised from the irradiation-enhanced diffusion in a highly supersaturated matrix,along with the low precipitation nucleation barrier due to the small lattice misfit,lead to a dynamical pre-cipitation dissolution and re-precipitation appears under *** a promising phenomenon is expected to promote a potential self-healing effect and could in turn provide a sustainable irradiation tolerance over the operational lifetime of a reactor.

关键词： L12 nanoparticles High-entropy alloy Helium bubble Phase stability Radiation-induced segregation

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Fe-N co-doped carbon nanofibers with Fe3C decoration for water activation induced oxygen reduction reaction

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National science Review 2024年第10期11卷 42-52页

作者： Shaoxiong Li Gengyu Xing Sheng Zhao Jian Peng Lingfei Zhao Feng Hu Linlin Li Jiazhao Wang Seeram Ramakrishna Shengjie Peng College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials Australian Institute for Innovative Materials University of Wollongong Innovation Campus Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore

Proton activity at the electrified interface is central to the kinetics of proton-coupled electron transfer（PCET） reactions in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction（ORR）. Here, we construct an efficient Fe3C water activation site in Fe-N co-doped carbon nanofibers（Fe3C-Fe1/CNT） using an electrospinning-pyrolysis-etching strategy to improve interfacial hydrogen bonding interactions with oxygen intermediates during ORR. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory studies identified delocalized electrons as key to water activation kinetics. Specifically, the strong electronic perturbation of the Fe–N4sites by Fe3C disrupts the symmetric electron density distribution,allowing more free electrons to activate the dissociation of interfacial water, thereby promoting hydrogen bond formation. This process ultimately controls the PCET kinetics for enhanced ORR. The Fe3C-Fe1/CNT catalyst demonstrates a half-wave potential of 0.83 V in acidic media and 0.91 V in alkaline media, along with strong performance in H2-O2fuel cells and Al-air batteries.

关键词： electrospinning nanofibers Fe–N–C oxygen reduction reaction Al-air batteries

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Additive manufacturing of cordierite materials by digital light processing

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Ceramics International 2025年第16期51卷 22683-22690页

作者： Tsai, Jung-Ting Gupta, Anant Kumar Muhtadin, Muhtadin Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei106335 Taiwan Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jammu and Kashmir 181221 India

Cordierite ceramic material is exceptionally resistant to chemical corrosion, low thermal expansion, and thermal shock, which would be a suitable candidate for thermal applications. Cordierite materials ((Mg, Fe)₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈) were additive manufactured by digital light processing (DLP). The proposed ceramic UV-curable method vastly decreases the traditional fabrication time steps, providing a more complex design with a more efficient and cost-effective solution. The commercial-made ready cordierite UV-curable resin shows a ceramic yield of 72 %, with linear shrinkage of 12.5 % and open porosity of 4.9 % however close porosity reaches as high as 9.07 % which results in a very low mechanical strength. The x-ray tomography shows that before sintering, large air bubbles already existed in the green body, while after the sintering, large porosity with a non-sphericity shape resides in the center with smaller porosity but a more spherical shape distributed in the specimen. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Sintering

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Local hardening and asymmetric twin growth by twin-twin interactions in a Mg alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第1期11卷 176-191页

作者： Krishna Yaddanapudi Mariyappan Arul Kumar Jiaxiang Wang Xin Wang Timothy J.Rupert Enrique J.Lavernia Julie M.Schoenung Irene J.Beyerlein Subhash Mahajan Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Materials Science and Technology Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM 87545USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Materials DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineUSA Materials Department University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

In this study,the role of twin-twin interactions on the distributions of local defects(e.g.,dislocations)and stress fields in a magnesium alloy is investigated.A co-zone(1012)-(1012)tensile twin junction in a deformed Mg-3wt.%Y alloy is analyzed using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results show that the morphology of the impinging(1012)twin is asymmetric,and the non-interacting boundary of the recipient(1012)twin is *** analysis of TEM images reveals that type-II pyramidal[1213](1212)dislocations concentrate in the vicinity of the twin-twin junction *** samedislocations are also observed inside the interacting twin domains along with a few ***dislocations emanating from the impinging(1012)twin boundary have edge character and are extended with faults parallel to the basal *** contrast,thedislocations connected to the recipient(1012)twin are predominantly screw orientation and ***-viscoplastic fast Fourier transform based crystal plasticity calculations are performed to rationalize the observed twin morphology and local dislocation *** model calculations suggest that the local stress fields generated at the junction site where the two twins meet are responsible for the experimentally observed concentration of*** calculated stress fields are asymmetric with respect to the junction site,explaining the observed asymmetric morphology of the impinging ***,these findings show strong effects of twin-twin interactions on the distribution of dislocations as well as the evolution of the twinned microstructure and as such,can help advance understanding of twinning in Mg alloys and their effect on mechanical behavior.

关键词： Tensile twins Twin-twin intersections Mg alloys Crystal plasticity TEM

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Atomistic simulations of twin facets associated with three-dimensional{1011}twins in magnesium

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2025年第2期13卷 626-639页

作者： Qiyu Zeng Mingyu Gong Houyu Ma Yao Shen Jian-feng Nie Jian Wang Yue Liu State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Center for High-resolution Electron Microscopy(CHEM) School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghai Tech UniversityShanghai 201210China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash UniversityVictoria 3800Australia Department of Mechanical&Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA

Twinning is a deformation mechanism that creates three-dimensional(3D)twin domains through the migration of twin *** occurs via the nucleation and glide of twinning disconnections(TDs),which can pile up to create twin facets.A comprehensive under-standing of twin facets associated with 3D twins,including their atomic structures and energies,is crucial for understanding deformation *** this study,we propose a molecular statics/dynamics(MS/MD)approach to determine characteristic twin facets enclosing 3D non-equilibrium/equilibrium{1011}twin domains,which has been much less studied than the counterpart{1012}twin *** stability of different TD pile-up arrangement with varying line senses informs the morphology of 3D non-equilibrium twins,which are bounded by{1010}_(T)||{1013}_(M),{1011}_(T)||{0002}_(M)and{1013}_(T)||{1013}_(M)coherent facets associated with pile-up of edge TDs,and discrete non-edge TDs aligned along CTBs with their line senses parallel to<4513>,<1101>,<5416><2113>or<1012>*** of semi-coherent facets of equilibrium twins is accompanied by rearrangement of TDs around misfit dislocations.3D equilibrium{1011}twins may comprise{1011}_(T)||{0002}_(M),{1457}_(T)||{3419}_(M),{1657}_(T)||{5617}_(M),{1433}_(T)||{3413}_(M),{0110}_(T)||{0111}_(M)and{0221}_(T)||{0221}_(M)semi-coherent facets in<1210>,<4513>,<1101>,<5416>,<2113>and<1012>axes,respectively.

关键词： Twinning Twin boundary Twinning disconnection Molecular dynamics

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Stress Distributions in Brazed Single-Lap Joints Under Tensile Loading (vol 54, pg 1116, 2023)

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METALLURGICAL AND materials TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND materials science 2023年第8期54卷 3370-3370页

作者： Kemmenoe, D. J. Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University Ithaca USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca USA

The most common method for characterizing the strength of brazed joints is uniaxial tension testing of single lap joints (SLJs). Standard interpretations depend on the assumption that the average shear stress at failure is the key metric in determining joint strength. However, it is evident from the geometry that the stress distributions must be inhomogeneous with shear lag type stress concentrations at the ends of the overlap regions. Eccentric loading causes overlap rotation and bending stresses that amplify the stress concentrations and result in geometric nonlinearity. Unfortunately, details of the distributions of normal and shear stresses on the braze needed to understand failure have not been presented. Thus, finite element analysis was used to quantify these stress distributions using 2D elastic and elasto-plastic models of monolithic stainless steel SLJs. Bending stresses and normal and shear stresses acting on the braze were determined over a wide range of overlap ratios and applied stresses. For all conditions, stresses are highly concentrated in a narrow region at overlap ends with peak normal stresses exceeding peak shear stresses. Variations in peak stresses with applied stress and overlap ratio were found to fully explain experimental joint strength data. Common interpretations based on the average shear stress at failure are found to be incorrect. Implications for testing, interpretation, and joint design are discussed.

关键词： Stress concentration

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Abundant vacancies induced high polarization-attenuation effects in flower-like WS2 microwave absorbers

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Journal of materials science & Technology 2024年第27期194卷 193-202页

作者： Jing Wang Yuping Wang Junye Cheng Yiru Fu Yao Li Wangli Nie Jingwei Wang Bin Liu Deqing Zhang Guangping Zheng Maosheng Cao School of Materials Science and Engineering Qiqihar UniversityQiqihar 161006China Department of Materials Science Shenzhen MSU-BIT UniversityShenzhen 517182China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Department of Mechanical Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Defect engineering could provide new ideas for the design of transition metal disulfide electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers with high *** the effects of dipoles on impedance matching and EMW absorption are crucial for the development of novel absorbers,the polarization attenuation depen-dence on defect engineering should be understood at micro-and *** this paper,it is found that the defect-rich WS2 nanoflowers synthesized by the cold plasma method possess excellent EMW absorption *** plasma treatment of materials is easy to perform and maintains the original shape of the material to a high *** formation of defects results in abundant electrochemically ac-tive sites,increased multiple reflection losses,improved dielectric properties and impedance matching in the *** RL_(min) of the defect-rich material with a thickness of 3.19 mm is as high as−54.36 dB at 8.16 GHz,and the effective absorption bandwidth is 4.72 *** results reveal that the formation of defective vacancies enhances the effects of dipole polarization of the material on improving its EMW ab-sorption ***,this work provides not only a facile preparation route for novel EMW-absorbing materials,but also a new strategy for tunning defects in transition metal disulfides.

关键词： Defect engineering Cold plasma Electromagnetic wave absorption Transition metal disulfides

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