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Advances in Transportation Studies 2024年第Special issue期4卷 73-88页

作者： Li, W. Francis, P. McClosky, R. Brown, A. Integrative Engineering Program Lafayette College United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Lafayette College EastonPA United States

This paper introduces WeBikes, an open-source simulation element for the Webots robot simulation software that allows users to easily simulate the dynamics of bicycles and motorcycles. WeBikes allows users to configure the dimensional, inertial, and visual properties of a two-wheeled vehicle. Open-loop comparisons between the WeBikes vehicle’s behavior and a canonical linear model of single-track vehicle dynamics show that WeBikes captures the self-stabilization behavior of two wheeled vehicles as predicted by the linear model. Additionally, the WeBikes add-on includes a simple virtual rider that stabilizes the vehicle using optimal linear feedback control. Comparisons between the closed-loop behavior of the WeBikes vehicle and the linear model show strong agreement, which indicates that under the direction of a virtual rider, the WeBikes vehicle can be used to simulate a vehicle-rider system navigating a roadway. Finally, a simple case study demonstrates how WeBikes can be used in a road safety simulation context. The case study explores how a motorcycle-rider system behaves when performing a lane change between lanes of disparate heights, illustrating how WeBikes can provide insight into the interaction between single-track vehicle behavior and geometric roadway design. © 2024, Aracne Editrice. All rights reserved.

关键词： Motorcycles

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Increased deformations are dispensable for encapsulated cell mechanoresponse in engineered bone analogs mimicking aging bone marrow

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Mechanobiology in Medicine 2025年第1期3卷 57-67页

作者： Alexander M.Regner Maximilien DeLeon Kalin D.Gibbons Sean Howard Derek Q.Nesbitt Seyedeh F.Darghiasi Anamaria G.Zavala Trevor J.Lujan Clare K.Fitzpatrick Mary C.Farach-Carson Danielle Wu Gunes Uzer Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department Boise State UniversityUSA Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences UTHealth Houston School of DentistryUSA Department of Bioengineering Rice UniversityUSA Department of Biosciences Rice UniversityUSA Biomedical Engineering Program Boise State UniversityUSA

Aged individuals and astronauts experience bone loss despite rigorous physical *** mechanoresponse is in-part regulated by mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)that respond to mechanical *** delivery of low intensity vibration(LIV)recovers MSC proliferation in senescence and simulated microgravity models,indicating that age-related reductions in mechanical signal delivery within bone marrow may contribute to declining bone *** answer this question,we developed a 3D bone marrow analog that controls trabecular geometry,marrow mechanics and external *** finite element(FE)models were developed to quantify strain environment within hydrogels during *** marrow analogs with gyroid-based trabeculae of scaffold volume fractions(SV/TV)corresponding to adult(25%)and aged(13%)mice were printed using polylactic acid(PLA).MSCs encapsulated in migration-permissive hydrogels within printed trabeculae showed robust cell populations on both PLA surface and hydrogel within a *** 14 days of LIV treatment(1 g,100 Hz,1 h/day),cell proliferation,type-I collagen(Collagen-I)and filamentous actin(F-actin)were quantified for the cells in the hydrogel *** LIV increased all measured outcomes,FE models predicted higher von Mises strains for the 13%SV/TV groups(0.2%)when compared to the 25%SV/TV group(0.1%).While LIV increased collagen-I volume 34%more in 13%SV/TV groups when compared to 25%SV/TV groups,collagen-I and F-actin measures remained lower in the 13%SV/TV groups when compared to 25%SV/TV counterparts,indicating that both LIV-induced strains and scaffold volume fraction(*** scaffold surface)affect cell behavior in the hydrogel ***,bone marrow analogs offer a robust and repeatable platform to study bone mechanobiology.

关键词： mechanical signals Low-intensity vibration Mesenchymal stem cells 3D printing mechanical modeling Tissue modeling

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Kinetic and Thermodynamic Properties of Locally Sourced Calcium in the Zinc Phosphating of Mild Steel

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Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion 2024年第4期10卷 1-13页

作者： Ayodele, Ayoola Ayodeji Henry, Ogbuigbo Chijioke Oluranti, Agboola Sunday, Fayomi Ojo Chemical Engineering Department Covenant University Ogun State Ota Nigeria Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department Bells University of Technology Ogun State Ota Nigeria

The present study is on the establishment of the kinetic and thermodynamic performance of the locally sourced calcium used in the zinc phosphating of mild steel substrates. Calcium oxide was obtained from the calcination of periwinkle shells (at 800 °C for 4 h) and then applied as an additive in the zinc phosphating bath formulation. Metal samples were coated in the bath at different temperature (50 °C and 70 °C), different coating time durations (35, 50 and 65 min) and different CaO concentrations (0, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.0 g/L). The coated samples were subjected to 3.5wt.% NaCl solution, for corrosion test. The surface morphology of phosphate coatings was examined using SEM coupled with EDX to establish the quality and uniformity of the coating on the mild steel. The addition of calcium in the coating process significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of mild steel relative to uncoated specimens, as justified by the lowest corrosion rate results when calcium was utilized at 70 °C, 65 min and 2.0 g/L CaO concentration. Higher positive value of the equilibrium adsorption constant, Kads, obtained (2.857) at 70 °C compared to the value (0.139) at 50 °C indicated a higher and stronger affinity of the calcium molecules for the adsorbent surface, with Langmuir isotherm fitness of R2 of 0.9319. The feasibility of the electrochemical process and the spontaneity of the adsorption process were affirmed by the negative values of the change in Gibbs free energy obtained (−592.69 kJ/mol of ΔG at 50 °C and −335.51 kJ/mol of ΔG at 70 °C). −3.271 kJ/mol of Δs (negative change in entropy) implied that the particles actually move from a disordered state (liquid) to an ordered state (solid) and forming a complex compound on the metal surface. 16.431 kJ/mol of the Enthalpy change (ΔH) revealed the amount of heat gained for the coating (adsorption) to take place. The significance of this study, as justified by the results obtained, is that the mass transfer coefficient, kf, is directly

关键词： Free energy

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Recent advances in droplet-based microfluidics in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis

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Droplet 2024年第1期3卷 1-27页

作者： Jingyu Shi Yu Zhang Yadi Fan Yi Liu Mo Yang Department of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Royal Melbourne Institute of TechnologyMelbourneAustralia

Liquid biopsy,a noninvasive technique to obtain tumor information from body fluids,is an emerging technology for cancer diagnosis,prognosis,and monitoring,providing crucial support for the realization of precision *** main biomarkers of liquid biopsy include circulating tumor cells,circulating tumor DNA,microRNA,and circulating tumor *** liquid biopsy detection methods include flow cytometry,immunoassay,polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-based methods,and next-generation sequencing(NGS)-based methods,which are time-consuming,labor-intensive,and cannot reflect cell ***-based microfluidics with high throughput,low contamination,high sensitivity,and single-cell/single-molecule/single-exosome analysis capabilities have shown great potential in the field of liquid *** review aims to summarize the recent development in droplet-based microfluidics in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis.

关键词： diagnosis biopsy fluid

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Impact of bumpers position variation on heat exchanger performance: an experimental and predictive analysis using an artificial neural network

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Journal of engineering and Applied Science 2023年第1期70卷 6页

作者： Abdul Hussein, Sarmad A. Shbailat, Suhaib J. Mechanical Engineering Department Engineering College Baghdad University Baghdad Iraq Department of Biomedical Engineering Al-Esraa University College Baghdad Iraq

Experimentally and numerically, the thermal performance enhancement of counterflow twin-pipe heat exchanger with bumpers position variation was explored. A set of semicircular bumpers were positioned at varying distances from the fluid flow entrance on the annulus gap of the concentric pipe heat exchanger (10–70, 70–130, and 130–190 cm). The hot water entered the inner pipe at a constant mass flow rate of 0.0167 kg/s, whereas the cold air entered the annulus gap of a concentric pipe heat exchanger at changing mass flow rates of 2 × 10−5 to 14 × 10−5 kg/s. The numerical portion comprised simulating the efficacy of the heat exchanger with a smooth pipe and varied bumper placements using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The experimental portion of the present work consisted of a series of tests to determine the optimal position of the bumpers for maximizing heat exchanger efficiency. At a constant fluid inlet temperature and with varied mass flow rates of the cold air, the numerical model was compared to the experimental results. When the bumpers are put at a distance of 130–190 cm, the heat exchanger has the highest thermal efficiency compared to other bumper placements and a smooth pipe. In all cases of the investigation, there is a good correlation between numerical and experimental data. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Neural networks

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Virtual "Happy" Office Hours: The Student Experience

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Advances in engineering Education 2024年第1期12卷 3-24页

作者： Schauer, Samantha Pakala, Krishna Bairaktarova, Diana Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Boise State University BoiseID United States Department of Engineering Education Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA United States

Traditional office hours are typically poorly attended for a variety of reasons, including the limitations imposed by faculty office space constraints in terms of simultaneous student participation. Virtual office hours are an option for instructors to support their students through a virtual learning environment. Research suggests that virtual environments are beneficial to both learners and educators, offering more flexibility in the learning process. Further, participation in office hours provides a platform for student-instructor interaction, claimed in the growing body of research to improve student learning experiences overall. This paper describes the design and structure of virtual office hours offered in three undergraduate energy-related mechanical engineering courses (Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Heat Transfer) before the COVID-19 pandemic. The student learning experience was analyzed through an assessment of student responses on anonymous end-of-course evaluations. Findings revealed that students appreciated the virtual office hours and felt that they were more accommodated than could have been in a traditional office hour setting. Findings suggested as well that students appreciated the virtual setting more as they progressed through a series of courses offering virtual office hours. Findings from our study can be helpful for a broader audience of researchers and educators in an educational environment that is increasingly online. © (2024), (American Society for engineering Education). All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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Templated synthesis of transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 646-669,I0014页

作者： Rose Anne Acedera Alicia Theresse Dumlao DJ Donn Matienzo Maricor Divinagracia Julie Anne del Rosario Paraggua Po-Ya Abel Chuang Joey Ocon Laboratory of Electrochemical Engineering(LEE) Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of the PhilippinesDilimanQuezon City 1101Philippines Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaMercedCA 95343USA Energy Engineering Program College of EngineeringUniversity of the PhilippinesDilimanQuezon City 1101Philippines

Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)have been regarded as alternative hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts owing to their comparable activity to those of noble metal-based *** have been produced in various morphologies,including hollow and porous nanostructures,which are features deemed desirable for electrocatalytic *** synthesis routes are often responsible for such *** paper reviews the latest advances and existing challenges in the synthesis of TMP-based OER and HER catalysts through templated methods.A comprehensive review of the structure-property-performance of TMP-based HER and OER catalysts prepared using different templates is *** discussion proceeds according to application,first by HER and further divided among the types of templates used-from hard templates,sacrificial templates,and soft templates to the emerging dynamic hydrogen bubble *** catalysts are then reviewed and grouped according to their ***,prospective research directions for the synthesis of hollow and porous TMP-based catalysts,such as improvements on both activity and stability of TMPs,design of environmentally benign templates and processes,and analysis of the reaction mechanism through advanced material characterization techniques and theoretical calculations,are suggested.

关键词： OER HER Transition metal phosphide Templated synthesis Electrocatalysts

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Fusing handcrafted and deep features for multi-class cardiac diagnostic decision support model based on heart sound signals

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2023年第3期14卷 2873-2885页

作者： Jabari, Mohammad Rezaee, Khosro Zakeri, Manizhe Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran Department of Biomedical Engineering Meybod University Meybod Iran

Among all causes of death, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading one. In the medical field, the phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is widely used due to its cost-effectiveness and simplicity. We propose a hybrid classification approach for automatically classifying different cardiac auscultation classes using a PCG signal using handcrafted and deep learned features. Firstly, the PCG signal is split into equal segments using the windowing procedure. The power spectrum of a signal is constructed using l-spectrograms and then the novel modified dilated ResNet structure generates the deep features from the spectrogram images. Simultaneously, handcrafted frequency domain features are extracted from correspond windowed signals. After features are extracted, radial basis function (RBF) kernel in support vector machines (SVM) is used to classify various patterns. Moreover, the optimized SVM is performed using a modified drone squadron optimization (mDSO) algorithm to prevent overfitting. The proposed approach is 94.16% accurate for Michigan Heart Sound and Murmur Database (MHSDB) and 99.38% accurate for PhysioNet/CinC 2016 Challenge. The introduced hybrid model is more computationally efficient and accurate than earlier state-of-the-art strategies, based on the evaluation measures. Using the designed model, underserved and diverse communities can implement automated cardiac screening systems. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Support vector machines

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RGB Color-Discriminable Photonic Synapse for Neuromorphic Vision System

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 39-62页

作者： Bum Ho Jeong Jaewon Lee Miju Ku Jongmin Lee Dohyung Kim Seokhyun Ham Kyu-Tae Lee Young-Beom Kim Hui Joon Park Department of Organic and Nano Engineering&Human-Tech Convergence Program Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Korea Department of Semiconductor Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Korea Department of Physics Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Korea

To emulate the functionality of the human retina and achieve a neuromorphic visual system,the development of a photonic synapse capable of multispectral color discrimination is of paramount ***,attaining robust color discrimination across a wide intensity range,even irrespective of medium limitations in the channel layer,poses a significant ***,we propose an approach that can bestow the color-discriminating synaptic functionality upon a three-terminal transistor flash memory even with enhanced discriminating *** incorporating the strong induced dipole moment effect at the excitation,modulated by the wavelength of the incident light,into the floating gate,we achieve outstanding RGB color-discriminating synaptic functionality within a remarkable intensity range spanning from 0.05 to 40 mW cm^(-2).This approach is not restricted to a specific medium in the channel layer,thereby enhancing its *** effectiveness of this color-discriminating synaptic functionality is demonstrated through visual pre-processing of a photonic synapse array,involving the differentiation of RGB channels and the enhancement of image contrast with noise ***,a convolutional neural network can achieve an impressive inference accuracy of over 94%for Canadian-Institute-For-Advanced-Research-10 colorful image recognition task after the *** proposed approach offers a promising solution for achieving robust and versatile RGB color discrimination in photonic synapses,enabling significant advancements in artificial visual systems.

关键词： Organic field-effect transistor Photonic synapse Excited-state dipole moment RGB color discrimination Neuromorphic visual system

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An Electrochemical HbA1c Immunosensor With a Simple Electrode of Gold Nanoparticle Monolayer

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2023年第15期23卷 16579-16584页

作者： Tseng, Chun-Chiang Lin, Ying-Ting Wang, Gou-Jen National Chung-Hsing University Department of Mechanical Engineering Taichung40227 Taiwan National Chung-Hsing University Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Taichung40227 Taiwan National Chung-Hsing University Department of Mechanical Engineering The Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering Taichung40227 Taiwan

This study developed a novel electrochemical glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) immunosensor. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was used as a substrate. After gold (Au) film sputtering on the PET surface, 1,6-hexanedithol with thiol groups on both terminals was used as an intermediary to attach a monolayer of uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) to the Au thin film to form a nanostructured electrode. HbA1c antibodies were successfully immobilized on the AuNP monolayer via the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) approach. To mimic a real clinical detection environment, a calibration curve for HbA1c detection was performed in a mixture solution containing heparin sodium, red blood cell (RBC) lysis buffer, artificial human serum, and hemoglobin. The experimental results revealed that the proposed HbA1c immunosensor detected HbA1c in a linear range from 2500 to 10 000 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 2253 ng/mL. The developed HbA1c-sensing chip offers the advantages of simple operation, low cost, short detection time, and provides high feasibility for clinical application. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Gold nanoparticles

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