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Electrocatalysis for sustainable nitrogen management: materials innovation for sensing, removal and upcycling technologies

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第6期 2322-2342页

作者： Mei Yi Hongmei Li Minghao Xie Panpan Li Zhaoyu Jin Guihua Yu Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemistry Sichuan University Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin

The global nitrogen cycle holds immense importance due to its crucial role in supporting life, supplying vital nutrients for plant growth, preserving environmental balance, and enabling the proper functioning of ecosystems. However, human activities frequently disrupt this cycle, leading to the accumulation of nitrates and nitrites in water bodies. This accumulation causes environmental pollution and health risks. Traditional methods for treating nitrogen pollution, including biological, physical, and chemical approaches, have inherent limitations. In recent years, electrocatalysis has emerged as a promising and sustainable approach for nitrogen management. This technology offers superior efficiency, high selectivity, and environmental *** not only enables accurate detection of nitrogen pollutants in the environment but also facilitates their conversion into harmless nitrogen gas. Moreover, recent advancements have focused on the upcycling of nitrogen pollutants into valuable compounds,such as ammonia and urea. In this comprehensive review, we showcase the applications of electrocatalysis in sustainable nitrogen management. Specifically, we highlight its use in the sensing, removal, and upcycling of major nitrogen pollutants,including nitrate（NO3-）, nitrite（NO2-）, and nitric oxide（NO）. We discuss the use of catalysts, such as Pd alloys, Cu-based, and Fe-based materials, in electrochemical sensing and catalysis. Additionally, we explore recent advancements in the conversion of nitrogen pollutants into valuable compounds like ammonia and urea. The review also addresses current challenges and future opportunities in the field, including innovations in sensor and catalyst design, as well as large-scale treatment strategies. We anticipate that these perspectives will provide profound insights for effective nitrogen pollution control and sustainable utilization of nitrogen resources.

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Wear and friction analysis of bio-ceramic cordierite system as orthopedic material

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 60卷 1934-1941页

作者： Hasan Basheet, Mohammad Kareem Farhan, Fadhil Abed, Abdulrahman N. Biomedical Engineering Department Engineering College Al-Nahrain University Jadriah Baghdad Iraq Department of Medical Physics College of Science The University of Karkh for Science Baghdad Iraq Mechanical Engineering Department. Engineering College Al-Nahrain University Baghdad Iraq

Wear affects the performance and lifetime of implants, and it is a major cause of primary failure in artificial hip joints. The aim of this research is to examine and determine wear in ceramic-on-ceramic hip implants. The cordierite system was used to create the composite ceramic materials, which were synthesized via the coprecipitation technique. The AMTI Orth-POD machine has been used for testing 5 systems for pin on disc wear. The dry and wet wear tests were carried out in physiologically relevant conditions. After 5,000 cycles of sliding velocity 81.4487 mm/s, normal load 50 N, and circular wear paths, gravimetric analysis was utilized to describe wear. The simulated body fluid functions as lubricants, and the results show that the coefficient of friction decreases when the alumina concentration increases. © 2022

关键词： Wear of materials

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Variable stiffness wires based on magnetorheological liquid metals

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2022年第2期13卷 232-243页

作者： Xiangbo Zhou Jian Shu Hu Jin Hongtai Ren Gang Ma Ning Gong Duan Ge Juan Shi Shi-Yang Tang Guolin Yun Hongda Lu Shuai Dong Xiangpeng Li Shiwu Zhang Weihua Li CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Precision Machinery and Precision InstrumentationUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina School of Mechanical MaterialsMechatronic and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of WollongongNSWAustralia Department of Electronic Electrical and Systems EngineeringSchool of EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina

Magnetorheological fluid(MRF)has shown its great potential in the development of large mechanical devices,such as dampers,shock absorbers,rotary brakes,clutches,and prosthetic ***,more research focus has been invested on using MRF to develop soft,stretchable,and miniaturized devices with variable stiffness for realizing functionalities that cannot be achieved using solid smart ***,based on liquid metal magnetoactive slurries(LMMS),a variable stiffness wire with excellent electrical conductivity is *** exposure to a magnetic field,the LMMS wire has an extremely low stiffness,and can be easily stretched while maintaining an excellent electrical *** applying a magnetic field,the wire becomes much stiffer and can retain its shape even under a *** combination of properties of flexibility,high electrical conductivity,and variable stiffness of the wire is harnessed to make a flexible gripper that can grasp objects of various ***,by using gallium instead of its liquid metal alloys,the tunable stiffness range of the LMMS wire is signifi-cantly enhanced and can be controlled using both external magnetic fields and temperature-induced phase *** presented LMMS wire has the potential to be applied in flexible electronics,soft robotics and so on.

关键词： Liquid metal magnetorheological fluid(MRF) various stiffness stretchable electronics soft robotics

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Euler Product Expressions of Absolute Tensor Products of Dirichlet L-Functions

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第6期14卷 451-486页

作者： Hidenori Tanaka Shin-ya Koyama Department of Biomedical Engineering Toyo University Saitama Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Toyo University Saitama Japan

In this paper, we calculate the absolute tensor square of the Dirichlet L-functions and show that it is expressed as an Euler product over pairs of primes. The method is to construct an equation to link primes to a series which has the factors of the absolute tensor product of the Dirichlet L-functions. This study is a generalization of Akatsuka’s theorem on the Riemann zeta function, and gives a proof of Kurokawa’s prediction proposed in 1992.

关键词： Dirichlet L-Function Absolute Tensor Product (Kurokawa Tensor Product) Euler Product

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Combustion Profile of Bio-pellet Produced from Sawdust Using Wet Torrefaction Method with Various Concentrations of Acetic Acid 4

Combustion Profile of Bio-pellet Produced from Sawdust Using...

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4th International Symposium on Advances and Innovation in mechanical engineering, ISAIME 2023

作者： Pertiwi, Indah Ayu Muhammad Abubakar Setiawan, Adi Iskandar, Rizky Magister Program in Renewable Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Malikusssaleh Jalan Batam Bukit Indah Lhokseumawe24352 Indonesia Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Malikussaleh Kampus Bukit Indah Muara Satu Lhokseumawe24352 Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Vocational Education Study Program Faculty of Teaching and Educational Science Universitas Malikussaleh Cot Teungku Nie Reuleut Muara Batu Aceh Utara24355 Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Malikusssaleh Jalan Batam Bukit Indah Lhokseumawe24352 Indonesia

Sawdust is one of the industrial wastes which naturally contains low energy density. An effective method is needed to utilize this biomass as a solid fuel product. This work aimed to investigate the physical and combustion properties of bio-pellets produced from sawdust under the wet torrefaction method. To prepare sawdust bio-pellet a number of steps were carried out including the wet torrefaction process, dough preparation, pelletizing, and drying. Wet torrefaction was performed by hydrothermally treating the sample in an autoclave at a temperature of 130°C and pressure of 2 atm (g) for 80 minutes. For the hydrothermal process, the used acetic acid solution was varied with variations of 1.3 M, 1.8 M, and 2.3 M. Properties of the product were analyzed under proximate and bomb calorimetry analyses. To evaluate the combustion properties a purposely built test apparatus was developed equipped with a data logger system. Based on the results it can be observed that increases in torrefaction temperature and acetic acid concentration resulted in an increase in the calorific value as well as decreases in the ash content. The highest calorific value was 4745 kcal/kg obtained from sawdust torrefied in acetic acid with a concentration of 2.3 M at a temperature of 130?. This sample also exhibits the lowest ash content which is only 1.97%. The combustion test disclosed a maximum combustion temperature of 589? with a burning rate of 0.711 g/min. Overall, the wet torrefaction applied in this investigation was beneficially enhanced the properties of bio-pellet products. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sawdust

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Review of Nano-Composite PCM AlN/EG and Heat Pipe as a Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System 4

Review of Nano-Composite PCM AlN/EG and Heat Pipe as a Hybri...

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4th International Symposium on Advances and Innovation in mechanical engineering, ISAIME 2023

作者： Kadek Ervan Hadi Wiryanta, I. Nindhia, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Septiadi, Wayan Nata Made Joni, I. Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Bali Bukit Jimbaran80361 Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Politeknik Negeri Bali Bali Badung Indonesia Department of Physics Padjadjaran University Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21 Jatinangor Jawa Barat45363 Indonesia

The battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essential for maintaining the battery's temperature and hence its performance. BTMS is classified into three types: active cooling, passive cooling, and hybrid approaches. Because of its simple design, lack of additional power, and even temperature distribution, PCM is extensively used as a BTMS as a passive cooling technique. PCM also has drawbacks like leak sensitivity and limited heat conductivity. This stimulates PCM performance enhancement attempts. Adding reinforcing material to PCM is a standard way to increase its performance. Aluminum nitride (AlN) and expanded graphite (EG) are commonly employed as fillers. The addition of EG and nano-AlN materials can improve the performance of PCM composites compared to pure PCM. Chemical interactions between these materials do not take place either. It is undeniably advantageous that these two materials may be combined into pure paraffin-based PCM for energy storage applications. The combined or hybrid system of BTMS is the optimum alternative for increasing heat transmission from the battery modules into the surrounding environment. The battery temperature will at good maintained well with the combination of 2 (two) and 3 (three) passive cooling methods or even combined with active cooling methods such as air-forced convection. In BTMS, the heat pipe is widely employed as a heat transfer improvement. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat pipes

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High-dimensional continuification control of large-scale multi-agent systems under limited sensing and perturbations 63

High-dimensional continuification control of large-scale mul...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Maffettone, Gian Carlo Bernardo, Mario Di Porfiri, Maurizio Scuola Superiore Meridionale Naples Italy University of Naples Federico Ii Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Naples Italy Tandon School of Engineering New York University Center for Urban Science and Progress Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering New York United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

This paper investigates the robustness of a novel high-dimensional continuification control method for complex multi-agent systems. We begin by formulating a partial differential equation describing the spatio-temporal density dynamics of swarming agents. A stable control action for the density is then derived and validated under nominal conditions. Subsequently, we discretize this macroscopic strategy into actionable velocity inputs for the system's agents. Our analysis demonstrates the robustness of the approach beyond idealized assumptions of unlimited sensing and absence of perturbations. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Robustness (control systems)

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Effect of thermal and flow properties on the performance of Jebba Hydro-Power Plant, Jebba, Nigeria

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 65卷 2245-2253页

作者： Onokwai, A.O. Okokpujie, I.P. Ibiwoye, M.O. Owamah, H.I. Ayuba, G.C. Dirisu, J.O. Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Bells University of Technology Ogun State Ota Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Covenant University Ogun State Ota Nigeria Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology University of Johannesburg Johannesburg 2028 South Africa Department of Civil Engineering Delta State University Oleh Campus Delta State Abraka Nigeria Department of Mechanical Maintenance Jebba Hydropower Station Niger State Jebba Nigeria

This research aims to investigate the effect of thermal and flow properties on the performance of hydropower plants. Hydropower typical parameters such as voltage, current, discharge, and power output were collected hourly between 8:00 am to 5:00 pm from 2017 to 2019 to investigate the effect of pressure head, discharge, and gross head on the efficiency of the hydropower plant. Results showed that a decrease in water pressure across the turbine runner and low turbine discharge rendered the turbine less efficient, thus reducing the net power output and hydropower efficiency. The decrease in the net available head as the turbine inlet reduced led to variation in the efficiency of the hydropower plant. The continuous increase in the stator temperature above 58 °C caused the turbine to trip off. The overall monthly power generated from 2017 to 2019 was less than 3000 MW. © 2021

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Superabsorbent Ternary Composite Desiccants Towards Energy-Efficient Dehumidification in Cooling Systems 13

Superabsorbent Ternary Composite Desiccants Towards Energy-E...

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13th IEEE International Conference and Expositions on Electric and Power engineering, EPEi 2024

作者： Wee, Mei Gui Vanessa Chinnappan, Amutha Ramakrishna, Seeram National University of Singapore Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program NUS Graduate School Singapore Singapore National University of Singapore Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Design and Engineering Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350356199

Desiccant-coated heat exchangers (DCHEs) enable energy-efficient dehumidification, alleviating the overall heat load on vapor compression refrigeration systems. However, conventional desiccants have limited water uptake capacities and high regeneration temperature requirements. This work presents ternary composite desiccants comprising the metal-organic framework, MIL-101(Cr) (where MIL denotes Materials Institute Lavoisier), the superabsorbent polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and hygroscopic salts for enhanced moisture sorption. Gravimetric water sorption analyses revealed that desiccants containing lithium chloride (LiCl) attained water uptakes greater than their calcium chloride- and copper (II) sulfate-containing counterparts. Subsequent cyclic tests identified the optimal MIL-101(Cr)/PVA/LiCl composite that adsorbed and desorbed moisture readily. From its water sorption isotherm, the 3MIL-101(Cr)/1PVA/1 LiCl desiccant has a water uptake capacity of 2.49g {water} g desiccant-1 - nearly double that of MIL-101(Cr) and more than nine times that of silica gel. When coated onto a prototype heat exchanger, the 3MIL-101(Cr)/1PVA/1 LiCl composite demonstrated a gravimetric water uptake more than double that of the silica gel-coated control across three adsorption-desorption cycles. Moreover, low-grade waste heat of 50°C could partially regenerate these DCHEs, leaving behind residual moisture of less than 0.5g{water} gdesiccant-1. Consequently, the 3MIL-101(Cr)/1PVA/1LiCl-coated heat exchangers are effective dehumidifiers for addressing the latent heat load towards energy savings in cooling systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Silica gel

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Microfabrication of 3D Spheroid Tumor Models and Imaging using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography 10

Microfabrication of 3D Spheroid Tumor Models and Imaging usi...

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10th International Conference on Biosignals, Images and Instrumentation, ICBSII 2024

作者： John, Pauline Sukumar, Pavithra Sami, Christopher Qasaimeh, Mohammad A. Zam, Azhar New York University Abu Dhabi Division of Engineering Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates New York University Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering New York United States New York University Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350951

A low-cost, robust, and flexible device for generating an array of miniaturized 3D spheroid tumor models was designed and developed. The device consisting of two layers: a layer with through-hole array and a plain lamination sheet, in which both are bonded so the through-holes acting as confining barriers. The hydrophobic bottom lamination sheet led to drop formation in each through-hole, confirmed by experimental characterization using food color dye of different volumes. Further, 3D tumor spheroid models were grown within through-holes on the lamination sheet by the hanging drop approach. With preliminary experiments, spheroids were gown in a flat substrate using simple micro-pipetting and the classical hanging drop method. The formed 3D spheroid tumor models were consequently characterized by live/dead assay. To verify formation of the 3D tumor spheroid models on days 1, 4, 7, 14, and 21, label-free spectral domain based optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) technique was employed. Results showed an increase in the height of the spheroids up to 600 μm. By utilizing SD-OCT, we were able to achieve enhanced penetration within the 3D spheroids, allowing us to visualize the structural information at various depths. With spheroids growth, the SD-OCT was performed to quantitatively analyze their sizes and necrotic cores. The length, width and diameter of the spheroids were measured for volumetric analysis, based on the cross-sectional and en face SD-OCT images. Next experiments will consider using the developed device with the SD-OCT technique for personalized medication in clinical field and drug-screening/drug-discovery in pharmaceutical industry. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Optical tomography

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