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Novel Optical Materials and Applications, NOMA 2020

作者： Li, Jingang Zheng, Yuebing Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

We report an all-optical approach to build colloids into active chiral nanostructures on a solid substrate, where the chiroptical response can be tailored on-demand. © 2020 OSA - The Optical Society. All rights r... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580798

关键词： Substrates

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Investigation and Analysis of Green Refrigerant Zero ODP as an Alternative Refrigerant Lower Cost and GWP

Research Square

引用

Research Square 2021年

作者： Saengsikhiao, Piyanut Taweekun, Juntakan Maliwan, Kittinan Energy Technology Program Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Hat Yai90112 Thailand Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Hat Yai90112 Thailand

This research presents the development of hydrocarbon refrigerant mixture in hydrofluorocarbon blend, a non-flammable refrigerant that was retrofitted to replace R22. The properties of all refrigerant, as analyzed using national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) software and NIST vapor compression cycle model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties (CYCLE_D-HX) software, are in accordance with the CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standards of the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI). The results of this research showed. The cooling coefficient of performance (COPc) of R453A was nearly R22 at all condition with zero ODP. The R453A can be retrofitted to replace R22A due to its composition of POE, Class A1 incombustibility, and lower toxicity. R453A is another alternate refrigerant option that is composed of 1.2% hydrocarbon (HCs) R600 (0.6%) and R601a (0.6%), and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs, HFOs, HCs, and natural refrigerants, which are required to produce a low-GWP, zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Refrigerants

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Oscillation Quenching in Stuart-Landau Oscillators via Dissimilar Repulsive Coupling

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Dutta, Subhasanket Alamoudi, Omar Vakilna, Yash Shashank Pati, Sandipan Jalan, Sarika Complex Systems Lab Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Indore Simrol453552 India Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston HoustonTX77225 United States Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Simrol Indore453552 India Biomedical Engineering Program King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Quenching of oscillations, namely amplitude and oscillations death, is an emerging phenomenon exhibited by many real-world complex systems. Here, we introduce a scheme that combines dissimilar couplings and repulsive feedback links for the interactions of Stuart Landau oscillators and analytically derive the conditions required for the amplitude death. Importantly, this analysis is independent of the network size, presents a generalized approach to calculate the stability conditions for various different coupling schemes, and befits for non-identical oscillators as well. Last, we discuss the similarities of the quenching of oscillations phenomenon with the postictal generalized EEG suppression in convulsive seizures. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quenching

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A Biphasic Liquid System for Low-Power Optothermal Bubble Generation and Enhanced Surface Binding of Proteins

A Biphasic Liquid System for Low-Power Optothermal Bubble Ge...

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Novel Optical Materials and Applications, NOMA 2020

作者： Kim, Youngsun Zheng, Yuebing Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

A perfluoropentane-in-water biphasic system, capable of optothermally generating microbubbles at low power, enhanced surface binding of protein by the bulk-To-surface concentration with minimal loss in its activity. &... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580798

关键词： Proteins

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Quasi-static perforation of the ceramic foam core sandwich panels impregnated with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Afrouzian, Ali Pouryazdian, Salman Liaghat, GolamHossein Bahramian, AhmadReza W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State University PullmanWA99164 United States School of Mechanical Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran Polymer Engineering Department Faculty of Chemical Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Kingston University London London United Kingdom

In this research, mechanical response and energy absorption of ceramic foam sandwich panels filled with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid subjected to quasi-static indentation loads were investigated experimentally. In addition, the effects of number of face-sheet layers (face-sheet thickness) and boundary conditions on the mechanical response and energy absorption of sandwich panels were discussed. Sandwich panels consisted of two glass/epoxy face-sheets with different thicknesses (4 and 8 layers) and an open cell ceramic foam core. This foam saturated with Newtonian (Glycerol) and non-Newtonian (mixture of Ethylene glycol and Aerosil) fluids. Sandwich panels were tested in two different kinds of supporting conditions, simply-supported and fully fixed (clamped). Results showed that damage area in neat composite and STF filled sandwich panels are much higher than the glycerol filled foam core sandwich panels. Also, STF saturated sandwich panels absorbed higher energy compared with two other type of sandwich panels during quasi-static punch shear test. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Rheology

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Interactions of velocity structures between large and small scales in microelectrokinetic turbulence

引用

Physical Review Fluids 2021年第7期6卷 074610-074610页

作者： Wei Zhao Weidong Su Guiren Wang State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials and Application Institute of Photonics and Photon-technology Northwest University Xi’an 710127 China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China 100871 Department of Mechanical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering Program University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina 29208 USA

Recent investigations on electrokinetic (EK) flows have indicated turbulentlike flow can be realized by applying strong and high frequency ac electric field to flows with high-conductivity-gradient interface, even though under low bulk flow Reynolds number. Relative to conventionally hydrodynamic turbulence in a high Reynolds number, the ac EK turbulent flow exhibits high randomness with stronger intermittency [Wang et al., Phys. Rev. E 93, 013106 (2016)]. The abnormally high intermittency could be attributed to the ascending probability density function of velocity gradients (dominated by small scale velocity structure function) far from the equilibrium state. By evaluating the intermittency of the ac EK turbulent flow with hierarchical structures, we astonishingly find the intermittency factor of hierarchical structures in SL94 law, i.e., β factor, which is commonly believed to be between 0 and 1, exhibits larger value than 1 in the ac EK turbulent flow. This result indicates the different hierarchical relations of flow structures in ac EK turbulence flow from that in the conventional hydrodynamic turbulence, as further illustrated by the probability density function of velocity structures among different spatial scales.

关键词： Electrokinetic flows Microfluidics Turbulence

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Forkhead Box Protein O1 (FoxO1) Regulates Aortic Valve Interstitial Cell Calcification

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhong, Aileen Adams, Rachel L.E. Mirzaei, Zahra Simmons, Craig A. Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research 661 University Avenue TorontoONM5G 1M1 Canada Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto 164 College Street TorontoONM5S 3G9 Canada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto 5 King's College Road TorontoONM5S 3G8 Canada

Aortic valve calcification, a hallmark of aortic stenosis, associates with regions in the valve leaflets of high mechanical strain and increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling. FoxO1, a co-factor of β-catenin, is implicated in vascular calcification and osteogenesis, but its role in aortic valve disease has yet to be elucidated. Valve interstitial cells (VICs) contribute to aortic valve calcification through osteogenic and dystrophic pathways. We aimed to characterize the role of FoxO1, β-catenin, and cyclic stretch on VIC osteogenic differentiation. Immunofluorescent staining of diseased human aortic valves revealed that FoxO1 is upregulated in regions surrounding calcified nodules and co-localized with the osteogenic transcription factor, Runx2. Porcine aortic VICs treated with osteogenic media (OM) significantly upregulated FoxO1 protein and gene expression concomitantly with increased osteogenic gene RUNX2 , ENPP1 , and SPP1 expression. siRNA knockdown and exogenous overexpression confirmed the causal effect of FoxO1 on the expression of osteogenic genes RUNX2 , ENPP1 , and SPP1 in VICs. β-catenin siRNA knockdown had no effect on VIC osteogenic gene expression and thus was unlikely to be a co-factor of FoxO1 in regulating VIC osteogenic differentiation. siRNA knockdown of FoxO1 or β-catenin promoted calcified nodule formation by VICs under cyclic mechanical stretch, but calcification was dystrophic associated with VIC apoptosis rather than active osteogenic differentiation. Consistent with this, stretch did not promote FoxO1, β-catenin, or osteogenic gene expression. Together, these data identify FoxO1 as expressed in valve disease and as a regulator of VIC osteogenic differentiation in vitro that appears to act independent of β-catenin and mechanical stretch. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cell death

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Unveiling the Temporal Patterns of a 4D CTP Stroke Lesion Outcome Prediction Model Through Attention Analysis

Unveiling the Temporal Patterns of a 4D CTP Stroke Lesion Ou...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on biomedical Imaging

作者： Kimberly Amador Anthony Winder Noah Pinel Jens Fiehler Matthias Wilms Nils D. Forkert Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program University of Calgary Calgary Canada Department of Radiology University of Calgary Calgary Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary Canada Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Canada Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798350313338

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313345

Deep learning models have advanced medical image analysis, providing opportunities for more accurate diagnoses and decision support systems. However, a notable research gap remains in interpreting these models, especially in medical contexts where transparent and explainable systems are essential. This challenge is amplified with 4D datasets, as the fourth dimension introduces temporal intricacies into the interpretation. In this research, we aim to bridge this gap by conducting an attention analysis using a state-of-the-art spatio-temporal Transformer model that utilizes 4D CT perfusion data for predicting voxel-level stroke lesion outcomes. Our primary goal was to identify the underlying temporal patterns influencing the model’s decision-making process, ultimately enhancing its interpretability. The results of the attention analysis revealed that the model effectively focuses on two specific temporal patterns associated with observed variations in contrast concentration dynamics in the input data, which are clinically relevant for predicting stroke lesion outcomes.

关键词： Deep learning Decision support systems Analytical models Image analysis Image color analysis Predictive models Transformers

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Numerical Simulation of Thermo-Solutal Marangoni Convection in a Floating Half-Zone with Radiation Effects Under Zero Gravity

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2022年

作者： Jin, Chihao Okano, Yasunori Minakuchi, Hisashi Dost, Sadik Department of Materials Engineering Science Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Osaka Toyonaka560-8531 Japan Mechanical Engineering Program School of Engineering University of the Ryukyus 1 Senbaru Nishihara Okinawa903-0213 Japan Crystal Growth Laboratory University of Victoria VictoriaBCV8W 3P6 Canada

Numerical simulations of thermo-solutal Marangoni convection in a floating half SiGe zone with radiation effects under zero gravity have been carried out. In this system, thermal and solutal Marangoni flows develop along the free surface either in the same direction or opposite directions depending on the directions of thermal and solutal gradients. In this simplified model of a liquid bridge, the ambient temperature is kept constant, and the radiation effects of heat loss and heat gain are considered as the dominant heat transfer from the ambience. By investigating the radiation effects at unequal or equal (MaC, MaT) values, the transition mode maps mainly based on the concentration distribution with respect to Marangoni number ratio (Rσ =MaT/MaT) and ambient temperature (Ta) have been proposed. The maps show the main concentration structures and potential transition tendencies at various Ta values. The opposite thermo-solutal Marangoni flows give rise to more complex structures than those of the same-direction flows. Both heat loss and heat gain have a significant effect on alteration or destabilizing of the concentration distribution. To some extent, the heat loss in the opposite-direction flow has a stabilizing effect on the azimuthal wave pattern at a lower or higher Rσ © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radiation effects

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Active tuning of plasmon damping via light induced magnetism

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Cheng, Oscar Hsu-Cheng Zhao, Boqin Brawley, Zachary Son, Dong Hee Sheldon, Matthew Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX United States Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering Advanced Science Institute Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Material Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX United States

Circularly polarized optical excitation of plasmonic nanostructures causes coherent circulating motion of their electrons, which in turn, gives rise to strong optically induced magnetization— a phenomenon known as the inverse Faraday effect (IFE). In this study we report how the IFE also significantly decreases plasmon damping. By modulating the optical polarization state incident on achiral plasmonic nanostructures from linear to circular, we observe reversible increases of reflectance by 78% as well as simultaneous increases of optical field concentration by 35.7% under 109 W/m2 continuous wave (CW) optical excitation. These signatures of decreased plasmon damping were also monitored in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field (0.2 T). The combined interactions allow an estimate of the light-induced magnetization, which corresponds to an effective magnetic field of ~1.3 T during circularly polarized CW excitation (109 W/m2). We rationalize the observed decreases in plasmon damping in terms of the Lorentz forces acting on the circulating electron trajectories. Our results outline strategies for actively modulating intrinsic losses in the metal, and thereby, the optical mode quality and field concentration via opto-magnetic effects encoded in the polarization state of incident light. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Damping

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