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16th Brazilian Symposium on Robotics and 15th Workshop on Robotics in Education, SBR-WRE 2024

作者： Pastrana, M.A. Cuéllar Sánchez, William Humberto Mendoza-Peñaloza, Jose Santana, M.S. Muñoz, Daniel M. Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Graduate Program University of Brasilia DF Brasilia Brazil Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia DF Brasilia Brazil University of Federal District UDF DF Brasilia Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350391084

Advances in information and communication technologies have significantly transformed engineering education. Virtual laboratories are increasingly adopted to enhance student interaction with control system simulations. The improved visualization and interaction capabilities of modern computers offer a more organic way to teach theoretical foundations. This paper describes the implementation of a methodology for teaching control theory that until now was entirely online in a face-to-face environment at the University of the Federal District in Brasilia, Brazil. This methodology utilizes virtual laboratories with CoppeliaSim, MATLAB, and the EVA mobile robot to teach control theory focused on single-input, single-output (SISO) systems for mobile robot tracking and obstacle avoidance applications. The results of the face-to-face implementation are compared to those of the fully online methodology, revealing that in-person teaching significantly enhances the quality of instruction. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： MATLAB

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Going below and beyond the surface: Microneedle structure, materials, drugs, fabrication, and applications for wound healing and tissue regeneration

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第9期27卷 303-326页

作者： Shang Lyu Zhifei Dong Xiaoxiao Xu Ho-Pan Bei Ho-Yin Yuen Chung-Wai James Cheung Man-Sang Wong Yong He Xin Zhao Department of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SARPR China Faculty of Science University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouPR China

Microneedle, as a novel drug delivery system, has attracted widespread attention due to its non-invasiveness, painless and simple administration, controllable drug delivery, and diverse cargo loading capacity. Although microneedles are initially designed to penetrate stratum corneum of skin for transdermal drug delivery, they, recently, have been used to promote wound healing and regeneration of diverse tissues and organs and the results are promising. Despite there are reviews about microneedles, few of them focus on wound healing and tissue regeneration. Here, we review the recent advances of microneedles in this field. We first give an overview of microneedle system in terms of its potential cargos (e.g., small molecules, macromolecules, nucleic acids, nanoparticles, extracellular vesicle, cells), structural designs (e.g., multidrug structures, adhesive structures), material selection, and drug release mechanisms. Then we briefly summarize different microneedle fabrication methods, including their advantages and limitations. We finally summarize the recent progress of microneedle-assisted wound healing and tissue regeneration (e.g., skin, cardiac, bone, tendon, ocular, vascular, oral, hair, spinal cord, and uterine tissues). We expect that our article would serve as a guideline for readers to design their microneedle systems according to different applications, including material selection, drug selection, and structure design, for achieving better healing and regeneration efficacy.

关键词： Microneedles Microfabrication Wound healing Tissue regeneration Drug delivery

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Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the optimization of energy generation from Jebba hydro-power plant, Nigeria

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ISH Journal of Hydraulic engineering 2022年第1期28卷 1-9页

作者： Onokwai, A.O. Owamah, H.I. Ibiwoye, M.O. Ayuba, G.C. Olayemi, O.A. Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Bells University Ogun State Ota Nigeria Department of Civil Engineering Delta State University Oleh Campus Delta State Abraka Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Kwara State University Kwara State Maleta Nigeria Department of Mechanical Maintenance Jebba Hydropower Station Niger State Jebba Nigeria Department of Aeronautical and Astronautics Engineering Kwara State University Kwara State Maleta Nigeria

This research was performed to optimize the performance characteristics of the Nigerian Jebba Hydropower Plant in order to enhance its generation of electricity. Pertinent hydropower data were hourly collected from the plant from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm between 2016 and 2018. The coefficient of determination obtained from the response surface methodology (RSM) showed that discharge, pressure drop, stator temperature and water pressure strongly influenced the generation of estimated power. Also, the contour and surface plots suggested that the discharge (D) 8200.00–8600.00 m3/s and pressure drop (Pd) ranging from 27.50–28.50 m gave the optimal power generation indicating that both factors must be kept high when the hydropower plant is in operation. The instability of power generation was attributed to the reduction in the net available head as turbine inlet decreased. The study, therefore, showed that net power output, speed of the turbine, and efficiency of the hydropower plant could be optimized with increase discharge and gross head. Predicted optimal values for discharge, pressure drop, stator temperature, and water pressure were 8783.3667 m3, 28.59 m, 58.00°C, and 31.00 N/m2 respectively. © 2020 Indian Society for Hydraulics.

关键词： Stators

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Tug of war:Understanding the dynamic interplay of tumor biomechanical environment on dendritic cell function

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Mechanobiology in Medicine 2024年第3期2卷 7-21页

作者： Brian Chesney Quartey Gabriella Torres Mei ElGindi Aseel Alatoom Jiranuwat Sapudom Jeremy C.M Teo Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications Division of EngineeringNew York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Biomedical Engineering Tandon School of EngineeringNew York UniversityNYUSA Department of Biology Center for Genomics and Systems BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Tandon School of EngineeringNew York UniversityNYUSA

Dendritic cells(DCs)play a pivotal role in bridging the innate and adaptive immune *** their immature state,scavenging tissue for foreign antigens to uptake,then maturation,to their trafficking to lymph nodes for antigen presentation,these cells are exposed to various forms of mechanical ***,in the tumor microenvironment,it is widely known that microenvironmental biomechanical cues are *** source of these forces arises from cell-to-extracellular matrix(ECM)and cell-to-cell interactions,as well as being exposed to increased microenvironmental pressures and fluid shear forces typical of *** then integrate these forces,influencing their immune functions through *** aspect of DC biology holds alternative,but important clues to understanding suppressed/altered DC responses in tumors,or allow the artificial enhancement of DCs for therapeutic *** review discusses the current understanding of DC mechanobiology from the perspectives of DCs as sensors of mechanical forces and providers of mechanical forces.

关键词： Dendritic cells Mechanobiology Biomechanical cues Antigen uptake Antigen presentation Immunotherapy

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Tribology Performance of Silica Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additives in a Reciprocating Four-Stroke Engine Motorcycle

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International Journal of Automotive Technology 2023年第2期24卷 435-444页

作者： Lue, Yeou-Feng Hsiao, Wei-Liang Chen, Yi-Shun Undergraduate Program of Vehicle and Energy Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei10610 Taiwan Department of Industrial Education National Taiwan Normal University Taipei10610 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology Taipei22061 Taiwan

Lubricants, such as any types of greases and oils, are usually used to reduce the effect of friction. However, they also have multifunctions that increase the overall performance and application life. To clarify how lubricants decrease friction and reduce friction-related issues, this study evaluated the performance of specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions (such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter) of motorcycle with nanosilica (nano-SiO2) added to the original lubricant. Lubricants with 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 were evaluated after testing their basic properties and conducting tribology tests. The lubricant with 3.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 was the best candidate for the four-stroke engine motorcycle experiments. The results of the tribology experiment with nano-SiO2 lubricant showed that the abrasion loss corresponding to the 3.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 lubricant decreased by an average of 42.43 %. Overall, the 3.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 lubricant improved the effect of lubrication. The primary focus of the current study was the development of nano-SiO2 lubricant technology for applications in industry environments. © 2023, The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers.

关键词： Tribology

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Highly stretchable hydroxyapatite bionanocomposite for high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators

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Nanoscale 2023年第34期15卷 14205-14214页

作者： Luu, Thien Trung Huynh, Nghia Dinh Kim, Hakjeong Lin, Zong-Hong Choi, Dukhyun School of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro Jangan-gu Gyeonggi Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Sungkyunkwan Univeristy 2066 Seobu-ro Jangan-gu Gyeonggi Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

Renewable energy has been a focus in recent years. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have potential for converting mechanical energy into electricity. However, there are restrictions on the use of biological materials and bionanocomposites, such as the high cost and complexity of the synthesis process, poor stability, and inadequate output performance. To overcome the constraints of TENGs, we have turned to hydroxyapatite, a biological substance with great biocompatibility and high mechanical strength that can be manufactured from waste materials. We successfully developed a negative triboelectric bionanocomposite hydroxyapatite (HA) loaded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to harness energy from biomechanical sources such as wearable devices. A TENG (2 × 2 cm2) with a pushing force of 2 N and different amounts of HA in PDMS can produce highly stable output voltage, current, surface charge density, and power density values of 300 V, 22.4 μA, 90.36 μC m−2, and 27.34 W m−2, which are 6, 9, and 10 times higher than those without HA, respectively. These improvements were attributed to the highest observed surface potential of 1512 mV. After 20 000 cycles of contact-separation, the HA/PDMS-TENG shows exceptionally stable performance. Furthermore, adding HA improves the mechanical properties and the stretchability of the bionanocomposite. The HA/PDMS bionanocomposite exhibits remarkable stretchability of more than 290%. Effectively harvesting energy from body movements, the TENG gadget may be used to charge multiple commercial capacitors, drive up to 100 LEDs, and power a low-power electronic device. Self-powered sensing and wearable devices are made possible by the HA/PDMS-TENG, which allows their large-scale preparation and deployment. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Nanogenerators

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Lumbar spine localisation method based on feature fusion

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第3期8卷 931-945页

作者： Yonghong Zhang Ning Hu Zhuofu Li Xuquan Ji Shanshan Liu Youyang Sha Xiongkang Song Jian Zhang Lei Hu Weishi Li Robotics Institute School of Mechanical Engineering and AutomationBeihang UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Zhuzheng Robot Co. LTDBeijingChina Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA Department of Orthopaedics Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine Ministry of EducationBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research BeijingChina School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijingChina Department of Computer Science University of WarwickCoventryUK

To eliminate unnecessary background information,such as soft tissues in original CT images and the adverse impact of the similarity of adjacent spines on lumbar image segmentation and surgical path planning,a two‐stage approach for localising lumbar segments is ***,based on the multi‐scale feature fusion technology,a non‐linear regression method is used to achieve accurate localisation of the overall spatial region of the lumbar spine,effectively eliminating useless background information,such as soft *** the second stage,we directly realised the precise positioning of each segment in the lumbar spine space region based on the non‐linear regression method,thus effectively eliminating the interference caused by the adjacent *** 3D Intersection over Union(3D_IOU)is used as the main evaluation indicator for the positioning *** an open dataset,3D_IOU values of 0.8339�0.0990 and 0.8559�0.0332 in the first and second stages,respectively is *** addition,the average time required for the proposed method in the two stages is 0.3274 and 0.2105 s ***,the proposed method performs very well in terms of both pre-cision and speed and can effectively improve the accuracy of lumbar image segmentation and the effect of surgical path planning.

关键词： CT image lumbar spatial orientation multi‐scale information fusion

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Novel interpretable Feature set extraction and classification for accurate atrial fibrillation detection from ECGs

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 179卷 108872-108872页

作者： Sharmin, Ruhi Brindise, Melissa C. Kolliyil, Jibin Joy Meyers, Brett A. Zhang, Jiacheng Vlachos, Pavlos P. Department of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Pennsylvania State University United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University United States

Objective: We present a novel method for detecting atrial fibrillation (AFib) by analyzing Lead II electrocardiograms (ECGs) using a unique set of features. Methods: For this purpose, we used specific signal processing techniques, such as proper orthogonal decomposition, continuous wavelet transforms, discrete cosine transform, and standard cross-correlation, to extract 48 features from the ECGs. Thus, our approach aims to more effectively capture AFib signatures, such as beat-to-beat variability and fibrillatory waves, than traditional metrics. Moreover, our features were designed to be physiologically interpretable. Subsequently, we incorporated an XGBoost-based ECG classifier to train and evaluate it using the publicly available ‘Training’ dataset of the 2017 PhysioNet Challenge, which includes ‘Normal,’ ‘AFib,’ ‘Other,’ and ‘Noisy’ ECG categories. Results: Our method achieved an accuracy of 96 % and an F1-score of 0.83 for ‘AFib’ detection and 80 % accuracy and 0.85 F1-score for ‘Normal’ ECGs. Finally, we compared our method's performance with the top-classifiers from the 2017 PhysioNet Challenge, namely ENCASE, Random Forest, and Cascaded Binary. As reported by Clifford et al., 2017, these three best performing models scored 0.80, 0.83, 0.82, in terms of F1-score for ‘AFib’ detection, respectively. Conclusion: Despite using significantly fewer features than the competition's state-of-the-art ECG detection algorithms (48 vs. 150–622), our model achieved a comparable F1-score of 0.83 for successful ‘AFib’ detection. Significance: The interpretable features specifically designed for ‘AFib’ detection results in our method's adaptability in clinical settings for real-time arrhythmia detection and is even effective with short ECGs ( © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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Design of monitoring and control device for biogas production in a pilot scale anaerobic digester 4

Design of monitoring and control device for biogas productio...

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4th International Symposium on Advances and Innovation in mechanical engineering, ISAIME 2023

作者： Daud, Muhammad Sabarullah Nurjannah, Siti Setiawan, Adi Hasibuan, Arnawan Faisal Yusuf, Edy Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Malikussaleh Jalan Batam Kampus Bukit Indah Lhokseumawe24352 Indonesia Magister Program in Renewable Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Malikusssaleh Jalan Batam Bukit Indah Lhokseumawe24352 Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Malikussaleh Jalan Batam Kampus Bukit Indah Lhokseumawe24352 Indonesia

Monitoring and control in the biogas production process play important role to optimize the processes occurred inside the digester and help to achieve a stable and safe process. Anaerobic digestion is a complex process involving several groups of microorganisms that are sensitive to many operating factors. Therefore, it is important to monitor and detect the process imbalances at an early stage, thus action can be taken in time to prevent the failure. The purpose of this study is to design an appropriate biodigester to produce biogas from culinary food waste and a smart-based design device which can help in monitoring and controlling the process to enhance the biogas yields and control the process of purifying biogas into biomethane. The research method in this study consists of several stages including designing the reactors and instrumentation, fabrication and installation, testing and calibration of the sensors. Performance of biodigester plants was evaluated based on data gained from the sensors. The efficiency of digesters equipped with control and monitoring instruments is better than ordinary manual digesters. Smart-based digesters can increase the rate of gas production more measurably and be recorded systematically and in real time. It can be concluded that a smart biogester equipped with a microcontroller and monitoring with Web Application can save the time and improve biogas production and safety. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion

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Entropy-Based Analysis of Electromyography Signal Complexity During Flexion of the Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle Under Varied Load Conditions 4th

Entropy-Based Analysis of Electromyography Signal Complexity...

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4th International Conference on Electronics, biomedical engineering, and Health Informatics, ICEBEHI 2023

作者： Katherine Putra, Alfian Pramudita Kurniawan, Angeline Shane Istiqomah, Dezy Zahrotul Sholihah, Nisa’ul Al-Salehi, Khalid Ali Salem Ain, Khusnul Sapuan, Imam Andarini, Esti Biomedical Engineering Master Program Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya60115 Indonesia Biomedical Engineering Study program Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia School of Nursing Southern Medical University Guangdong Guangzhou510515 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819714629

The motor impairments that stroke patients experience as a primary contributor to death and disability also impact their quality of life. Due to its characteristics as complex muscle signals, the Electromyograph (EMG) signal may be one of the markers in rehabilitation and a substitute that may be used to judge the success of rehabilitation. This study aims to analyze the complexity of EMG signals originating from the flexion of the flexor carpi radialis muscle with various weights indicating the rehabilitation state. It is important to monitor the progress of rehabilitation, and it can be done by using complexity analysis. The complexity of the EMG is examined in this work utilizing entropy measurement, namely Approximate Entropy (ApEn), Sample Entropy (SampEn), and Fuzzy Approximate Entropy (fApEn). We concentrated on the flexor carpi radialis muscle using flexion–extension exercises and varying the weight load. This study’s results indicate differences in the complexity of the EMG signal in the flexor carpi radialis when performing flexion–extension movements. Three differences showed a correlation based on the value of ApEN, SampEn, and fApEn. Complexity Analysis using fApEn showed the best correlation at R = 0.9966, which can be used to evaluate the rehabilitation process. The increase in weight was followed by the increase of the fApEn value, indicating that the value can be used to evaluate the rehabilitation process. The use of complexity analysis of EMG signal from flexion movement in flexor carpi radialis with various weights can be used to indicate the progress in the rehabilitation process. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Entropy

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