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Soft wearable flexible bioelectronics integrated with an anklefoot exoskeleton for estimation of metabolic costs and physical effort

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npj Flexible Electronics 2023年第1期7卷 535-544页

作者： Jihoon Kim Prakyath Kantharaju Hoon Yi Michael Jacobson Hyungkeun Jeong Hojoong Kim Jinwoo Lee Jared Matthews Nathan Zavanelli Hyeonseok Kim Heejin Jeong Myunghee Kim Woon-Hong Yeo IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering and George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering the University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA Department of Mechanical Roboticsand Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Human Systems Engineering The Polytechnic SchoolIra A.Fulton Schools of EngineeringArizona State UniversityMesaAZ 85212USA Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30332USA Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstitute for MaterialsNeural Engineering CenterGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Activities and physical effort have been commonly estimated using a metabolic rate through indirect calorimetry to capture breath *** physical effort represents the work hardness used to optimize wearable robotic ***,personalization and rapid optimization of the effort are *** respirometry is the gold standard for estimating metabolic costs,this method requires a heavy,bulky,and rigid system,limiting the system’s field ***,this paper reports a soft,flexible bioelectronic system that integrates a wearable ankle-foot exoskeleton,used to estimate metabolic costs and physical effort,demonstrating the potential for real-time wearable robot adjustments based on *** from a set of activities,including walking,running,and squatting with the biopatch and exoskeleton,determines the relationship between metabolic costs and heart rate variability root mean square of successive differences(HRV-RMSSD)(R=−0.758).Collectively,the exoskeleton-integrated wearable system shows potential to develop a field-deployable exoskeleton platform that can measure wireless real-time physiological signals.

关键词： skeleton wear estimation

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Effect of Wall Shear Stress on Endothelial Cells Orientation Distribution 26

Effect of Wall Shear Stress on Endothelial Cells Orientation...

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26th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, WMSCI 2022

作者： Yonezawa, Hiroki Hashimoto, Shigehiro Kinoshiro, Haruki Nagasawa, Yuta Biomedical Engineering Systems Design Kogakuin University Tokyo163-8677 Japan Biomedical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Kogakuin University Tokyo163-8677 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781950492657

The effect of wall shear stress on the deformation and rotation of each cell was investigated in vitro. To make a Couette-type of shear flow, the culture medium fluid was sandwiched with a constant gap between parallel walls: a lower stationary culture disk, and an upper rotating disk. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used in this experiment. After cultivation without flow for 24 hours for adhesion of cells on the lower plate, a shear stress less than 2 Pa was continuously applied to cells for 24 hours in the incubator. The behavior (deformation and major axis angle) of each single cell was tracked using time-lapse images observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope placed in the incubator. The experimental results show that each cell tends to become longer as the shear stress increases from 0.5 Pa to 1.5 Pa. Copyright 2022 © by the International Institute of Informatics and Systemics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Shear stress

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Effect of Velocity on Behavior of Cells During Deceleration through Micro-gap 26

Effect of Velocity on Behavior of Cells During Deceleration ...

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26th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, WMSCI 2022

作者： Uehara, Shogo Hashimoto, Shigehiro Kurihara, Ayaka Biomedical Engineering Systems Design Kogakuin University Tokyo163-8677 Japan Biomedical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Kogakuin University Tokyo163-8677 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781950492657

The effect of the velocity on the behavior of cells during decelerated passing through the micro-gap has been studied in vitro. A gap with the rectangular cross section (7 μm high, 0.4 mm wide, and 0.1 mm long) has been made at the middle part of the micro flow channel by the photolithography technique. Myoblasts (C2C12: mouse myoblast cells) were used in the experiment. The flow rate of the medium fluid, in which cells were suspended, was varied by the pressure head between the inlet and outlet. The deformation of each cell passing through the micro gap was observed with an inverted phase-contrast microscope. The experimental results show that cells tend to stretch perpendicular to the flow direction in the micro-gap, as the velocity of cells decreases. Copyright 2022 © by the International Institute of Informatics and Systemics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photolithography

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Optimized photonic integrated circuit components for optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm

Optimized photonic integrated circuit components for optical...

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： Hao, Senyue Adkins, Aaron J. Zhang, Yitian Zhou, Chao Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering Washington University Saint Louis United States Imaging Science PhD Program Washington University Saint Louis United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University Saint Louis United States

To implement optical coherence tomography on photonic chips, we developed optimized and experimentally validated silicon nitride-based components for photonic integrated circuits in order to achieve high sensitivity a... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Photonic integrated circuits

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Effect of Weld Currents on Microstructure, Corrosion Behavior of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

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Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion 2021年第2期7卷 1-8页

作者： Demir, Bilge Koç, Erkan Saud, Amir N. Department of Mechanical Engineering Karabuk University Karabuk Turkey Department of Biomedical Engineering Karabuk University Karabuk Turkey Department of Biomedical Engineering Al-Mustaqbal University College Babylon Iraq

Resistance spot welding (RSW) of magnesium alloys is very attractive due to not require filler metal. AZ31 Mg alloy sheets were exposed to RSW by constant weld electrode pressure, constant weld times, and numerous weld currents. The potentiodynamic polarization technique was used for the investigation of the corrosion behavior of the alloys. Results showed that the dendritic structure was promoted at the weld zone. AZ31 base metal is more resistant to corrosion than welded alloys. However, when compared with each other, icorr values of the welded alloys decrease as a function of weld current increases. The corrosion rate was predominantly influenced by the distribution of intermetallic and alloying elements, and RSW weld varied, which was in response to altering the joint microstructure. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Microstructure

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Acoustic Reflector-Integrated Encapsulation for Needle-Aligned Ultrasound-Guided PCNL Access

Acoustic Reflector-Integrated Encapsulation for Needle-Align...

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2023 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2023

作者： Palisetti, Abhinav King, Alexander Priestner, Cabot Yi, Haohao Tang, Yichuan Murakami, Ryo Zhang, Haichong K. Worcester Polytechnic Institute Biomedical Engineering Department WorcesterMA United States Worcester Polytechnic Institute Mechanical Engineering Department WorcesterMA United States Worcester Polytechnic Institute Robotics Engineering Department WorcesterMA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350346459

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a procedure to remove kidney stones by needle insertion into the kidney followed by dilation of the needle path for surgical tools to enter and stones to be removed. Current techniques for needle insertion either do not visualize the needle entry point into tissue, or require careful hand-hand coordination to visualize the needle. This research aims to develop a stable system to visualize the entire needle insertion path during ultrasound-guided PCNL. A novel method, designed by Tang et al. (2022), implemented two parallel acoustic reflectors to reflect ultrasound into the patient, and a needle inserted through a gap between the reflectors. Results showed the ability to visualize the needle path at any needle pitch angle, and, most importantly, the ability to visualize the needle from its insertion point to the target. In this current research, a modular design was created that allowed any probe to fit into the system by altering just three components. Several structural modifications were made to make the system waterproof, allowing the fluid material that housed the reflectors to be replaced with a fluid with better sound transmission. An algorithm was created to allow better needle tip and needle path visualization by analyzing raw image data. Custom acoustic impedance-matched materials were used to allow better sound transmission and better image quality. Through multiple tests and a mathematical model, the team developed an optimal combination of materials that produced the best image quality, determined through Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Full-Width Half-Maximum (FWHM). © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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Investigation of the Effects of Temperature and Contact Pressure on the Friction Coefficient in Uncoated PHS2000 Steel Plates 12th

Investigation of the Effects of Temperature and Contact Pres...

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12th Brazilian Manufacturing engineering Congress, COBEF 2023

作者： dos Santos Silva, Bruno Caetano Seixas, Luã Fonseca Folle, Luis Fernando Dourado, Alexandre Ferraz Lima, Tiago Nunes Coelho, Rodrigo Santiago Batalha, Gilmar Ferreira Salvador Brazil Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Systems Engineering Polytechnic School of Engineering University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil Postgraduate Program MPDS/GETEC/MCTI SENAI CIMATEC Salvador Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783031435546

Manganese-boron steels are widely used in hot stamping, resulting in 1500 MPa (PHS 1500) or even 2000 MPa (PHS 2000) tensile strength after the hot stamping process. These steels are most commonly used in industry in the form of AlSi-coated sheets. However, recent developments are being made to enable the application of uncoated steels, resulting in cost reduction, but bringing technological challenges to be overcome. The coefficient of friction (µ) is a fundamental parameter in sheet metal forming and is influenced by several factors, such as: surface roughness, working temperature, lubrication, contact pressure and sliding speed. In hot stamping, it is known that the temperature can have a great influence on µ values for coated plates, but there is little information about uncoated steels. This work aims to investigate the tribological behavior of uncoated PHS 2000 steel plates using the pin-on-disk test. Tests were carried out under three temperatures (800 °C, 600 °C and 400 °C) and contact pressures of 5 and 10 MPa. Results showed that the friction coefficient tends to reduce with increasing temperature at a pressure of 5 MPa, as result of oxide formation on the steel’s surface. However, at a pressure of 10 MPa, this reduction was not observed. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Temperature

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Efficient Numerical Scheme for Solving Large System of Nonlinear Equations

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5331-5347页

作者： Mudassir Shams Nasreen Kausar Shams Forruque Ahmed Irfan Anjum Badruddin Syed Javed Department of Mathematics and Statistics Riphah International UniversityI-14Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Yildiz Technical UniversityFaculty of Arts and ScienceEsenler34210IstanbulTurkey Science and Math Program Asian University for WomenChattogramBangladesh Mechanical Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

A fifth-order family of an iterative method for solving systems of nonlinear equations and highly nonlinear boundary value problems has been developed in this *** analysis demonstrates that the local order of convergence of the numerical method is *** computer algebra system CAS-Maple,Mathematica,or MATLAB was the primary tool for dealing with difficult problems since it allows for the handling and manipulation of complex mathematical equations and other mathematical *** numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the properties of the proposed rapidly convergent algorithms.A dynamic evaluation of the presented methods is also presented utilizing basins of attraction to analyze their convergence *** from visualizing iterative processes,this methodology provides useful information on iterations,such as the number of diverging-converging points and the average number of iterations as a function of initial *** numerous highly nonlinear boundary value problems and large nonlinear systems of equations of higher dimensions demonstrate the performance,efficiency,precision,and applicability of a newly presented technique.

关键词： Nonlinear equations convergence order boundary value problem computational time basins of attraction converging points

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A Novel Approach to Breast Tumor Detection: Enhanced Speckle Reduction and Hybrid Classification in Ultrasound Imaging

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 1875-1901页

作者： K.Umapathi S.Shobana Anand Nayyar Judith Justin R.Vanithamani Miguel Villagómez Galindo Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari Hitesh Panchal Department of Biomedical Engineering KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore641402India Graduate School Faculty of Information TechnologyDuy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Viet Nam Department of Biomedical and Instrumentation Engineering Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education forWomenCoimbatore641043India UniversidadMichoacana de SanNicolás de HidalgoAvenida Francisco J.Múgica S/N Ciudad Universitaria MoreliaCP58030Mexico Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Gujarat Technological UniveristyNigam NagarChandkhedaAhmedabadGujarat382424India

Breast cancer detection heavily relies on medical imaging, particularly ultrasound, for early diagnosis and effectivetreatment. This research addresses the challenges associated with computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of breastcancer fromultrasound images. The primary challenge is accurately distinguishing between malignant and benigntumors, complicated by factors such as speckle noise, variable image quality, and the need for precise segmentationand classification. The main objective of the research paper is to develop an advanced methodology for breastultrasound image classification, focusing on speckle noise reduction, precise segmentation, feature extraction, andmachine learning-based classification. A unique approach is introduced that combines Enhanced Speckle ReducedAnisotropic Diffusion (SRAD) filters for speckle noise reduction, U-NET-based segmentation, Genetic Algorithm(GA)-based feature selection, and Random Forest and Bagging Tree classifiers, resulting in a novel and efficientmodel. To test and validate the hybrid model, rigorous experimentations were performed and results state thatthe proposed hybrid model achieved accuracy rate of 99.9%, outperforming other existing techniques, and alsosignificantly reducing computational time. This enhanced accuracy, along with improved sensitivity and specificity,makes the proposed hybrid model a valuable addition to CAD systems in breast cancer diagnosis, ultimatelyenhancing diagnostic accuracy in clinical applications.

关键词： Ultrasound images breast cancer tumor classification segmentation deep learning lesion detection

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A COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS MODEL FOR INVESTIGATION OF MATERIAL TRANSPORT THROUGH THE VIRTUAL IMPACTOR IN AEROSOL JET PRINTING

A COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS MODEL FOR INVESTIGATION OF MA...

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ASME 2024 International mechanical engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2024

作者： Sareen, Akashita Hill, Curtis W. Salary, Roozbeh Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Marshall University HuntingtonWV25755 United States NASA Marshall Space Flight Center ESSCA HuntsvilleAL35808 United States Departments of Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering Marshall University HuntingtonWV25755 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791888605

Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is a direct-write additive manufacturing technique used to fabricate electronics, such as sensors, capacitors, and optoelectronic *** has gained significant attention in being able to utilize aerodynamic principles to deposit conductive inks (such as silver nanoparticle-based inks) onto rigid and flexible *** aerosol jet printing system consists of three main components to execute the printing process: (i) the pneumatic atomizer, (ii) the virtual impactor, and (iii) the deposition *** virtual impactor (VI) lies between the pneumatic atomizer and the deposition head, accepting the accelerated flow of differently sized aerosol particles from the pneumatic atomizer, while acting as an "aerodynamic separator." With the challenges associated with the efficiency as well as resulting quality of the AJP process, the virtual impactor presents a unique opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the component itself, aerosol particle flow behavior, and how it contributes to overall printing inefficiencies, poor repeatability, and resulting print ***, this effort enables the expedited adoption of AJP in the electronics industry and beyond at large *** challenges mentioned are addressed in this work by conducting a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of the virtual impactor to visualize fluid transportation and deposition under specific *** objective of this study is to observe and characterize a single-phase, compressible, turbulent flow through the virtual impactor in *** virtual impactor geometry is modeled in the ANSYS-Fluent environment based on the design by *** virtual impactor is assembled using a housing, collector, jet, stem, O-rings and a retaining ***, a mesh structure is generated to discretize the flow *** addition, material properties, boundary conditions, and the relevant governing equations (based on the Navier-Stokes equations) are utilized to,

关键词： Pneumatics

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