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2023 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2023

作者： Xue, Xiangming Moon, Sunho Ganesh, Vidisha Zhang, Bohua Sharma, Nitin Jiang, Xiaoning North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering RaleighNC United States North Carolina State University Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering RaleighNC United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350346459

Accurately estimating muscle states, including fatigue and contraction, holds significant potential in the fields of rehabilitation and muscle-related disorder identification. However, conventional invasive methods such as intramuscular electromyography (EMG) entail risks and discomfort. This study pioneers the integration of A-mode ultrasound (US) signals from a wearable sparse array with machine learning (ML) classification, advancing quadriceps muscle state estimation. A novel wearable transducer, comprising a 16-element array with a central frequency of 10 MHz, enables the capture of A-mode US signals on curved skin surfaces. Three able-bodied participants engaged in two experimental sets: voluntary knee extension for contraction prediction, and a fatiguing protocol utilizing functional electrical stimulation (FES). Employing US feature extraction, followed by supervised ML classification, resulted in an exceptional average accuracy of 93.66 % in contraction classification and achieved 90.1 % in fatigue classification. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Muscle

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Multiphase flow simulation in hybrid porous structure 9

Multiphase flow simulation in hybrid porous structure

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9th European Thermal Sciences Conference, EUROTHERM 2024

作者： Nimvari, M.E. Gibbons, M.J. Department of Mechanical Manufacturing & Biomedical Engineering Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin DublinD02 PN40 Ireland Faculty of Engineering Amol University of Special Modern Technologies Amol Iran

Recent research has primarily focused on creating biporous and hybrid porous structures with multiple pore sizes and length scales to optimize capillary pressure and permeability. Despite numerous experimental investigations on biporous and hybrid media, there is a noticeable absence of numerical simulations that explore the multiphase flow within these media. Therefore, the present study aims to conduct a pore-scale numerical simulation of two-phase flow in a biporous structure. The biporous structure is proposed by arranging clusters of solid particles in a staggered regular pattern, with each cluster consisting of closely packed particles. The dimensions and characteristics of the simulated structure are based on previous experimental literature on biporous and hybrid media. A monoporous structure simulation is also included for comparison with biporous results. ANSYS Fluent is utilized to carry out the numerical simulations of capillary pumping flow. The simulation results indicate that the permeability and average capillary pressure of the biporous media are four times and over one and a half times higher, respectively, compared to those of the monoporous media. The presence of smaller pathways within each cluster of a biporous and hybrid porous media enhances the capillary effect in comparison to conventional monoporous structures. Additionally, the larger pores between the clusters contribute to a higher permeability of the hybrid porous structure. As a result, the combined effect of increased capillary action and higher permeability leads to improved performance of the hybrid porous structure. Overall, the proposed simplified biporous geometry accurately models fluid flow in real, complex biporous and hybrid structures. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Capillarity

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Multifunctional Flexible Humidity Sensor Systems Towards Noncontact Wearable Electronics

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第9期14卷 187-220页

作者： Yuyao Lu Geng Yang Yajing Shen Huayong Yang Kaichen Xu State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongPeople’s Republic of China

In the past decade,the global industry and research attentions on intelligent skin-like electronics have boosted their applications in diverse fields including human healthcare,Internet of Things,human–machine interfaces,artificial intelligence and soft *** them,flexible humidity sensors play a vital role in noncontact measurements relying on the unique property of rapid response to humidity *** work presents an overview of recent advances in flexible humidity sensors using various active functional materials for contactless *** categories of humidity sensors are highlighted based on resistive,capacitive,impedance-type and voltage-type working ***,typical strategies including chemical doping,structural design and Joule heating are introduced to enhance the performance of humidity *** on the noncontact perception capability,human/plant healthcare management,human-machine interactions as well as integrated humidity sensor-based feedback systems are *** burgeoning innovations in this research field will benefit human society,especially during the COVID-19 epidemic,where cross-infection should be averted and contactless sensation is highly desired.

关键词： Flexible electronics Flexible humidity sensors Noncontact detection Healthcare monitoring Human-machine interactions COVID-19 epidemic

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Porous polyurethane hydrogels incorporated with CMC for eliminating methylene blue from water

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2023年第1期14卷 57-76页

作者： Li Wang Qing Yang Yong Yang Kun Luo Ruqing Bai Peicong Zhang Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Big Health and Intelligent EngineeringChengdu Medical CollegeChengduChina College of Materials Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringChengdu University of TechnologySichuanP.R.China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission Chongqing University400044ChongqingChina College of Materials Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringChengdu University of Technology610059SichuanP.R.China

Here,a series of polyurethane porous hydrogels(PUF-s)loaded with different sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)were successfully prepared by one-step foaming *** physio-chemical prop-erties and morphologies were *** effects of CMC content,adsorbent dosage,temperature,pH value and other fac-tors on the adsorption of methylene blue(MB)dye in water by CMC-PUF-s were also investigated through static adsorption *** results showed that CMC-PUF-10 had excellent adsorp-tion performance for MB solution with removal rate of 81.47%,and the maximum adsorption capacity was 27.5 mg/*** addition,the study of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption of MB by CMC-PUF was more consistent with Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and pseudo second-order kinetic *** adsorption thermodynamics study suggested that the adsorption process of MB by CMC-PUF-10 was sponta-neous and exothermic at room *** results of cyclic adsorption experiment demonstrated that the removal rate of MB reached above 70%after five cycles,indicating the foams with excellent ***,a low-cost,environmentally friendly and recyclable MB adsorbent was synthesized in this *** polyurethane foam was synthesized by one-step foaming method,this adsorbent can be prepared on site in practical application and reduce the transportation cost.

关键词： Carboxymethyl cellulose polyurethane foam hydrogel methylene blue adsorption

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Key fuel characteristics and techno-economic aspects of torrefied rubberwood biomass pellets produced by incorporating various cassava-based binders at varied doses

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2024年第25期31卷 37663-37680页

作者： Kongto, Pumin Palamanit, Arkom Chaiprapat, Sumate Tippayawong, Nakorn Khempila, Jarunee Ruangim, Panatda Energy Technology Program Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University 15 Kanjanavanich Rd. Songkhla Hat Yai90110 Thailand Research Center Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University 15 Kanjanavanich Rd. Songkhla Hat Yai90110 Thailand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University 15 Kanjanavanich Rd. Songkhla Hat Yai90110 Thailand Department of Mechanical Engineering Chiang Mai University 239 Huay Kaew Rd. Chiang Mai Muang District 50200 Thailand Physics Program Faculty of Science and Technology Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University 80 Nakhon Sawan Rd. Maha Sarakham Mueang District 44000 Thailand

Improving energy content and hydrophobic nature of woody biomass can be pursued through torrefaction. This gives torrefied biomass with a low bulk density, potentially increasing storage and transport costs. To overcome this issue, densifying the torrefied biomass is necessary. However, poor binding of particles makes densification challenging without using a binder. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and techno-economic aspects of torrefied rubberwood biomass (TRWB) when pelletized using various cassava-based binders at different blending ratios. The selected binders included cassava starch (CS), cassava pulp (CP), and cassava chip (CC). Each binder at 5%, 10%, or 15% (wt.) was mixed with TRWB and water before pelletizing using a flat die machine. The results revealed that pelletizing TRWB with different cassava-based binders at various blending ratios influenced the physicochemical characteristics of the TRWB pellets, particularly dimensions, bulk density, fuel and atomic ratios, and energy content. The TRWB pellets demonstrated energy densities in the range of 7.95–11.39 GJ/m3, and their mechanical durability and fine content fell within acceptable ranges. The TRWB pellets maintained their shape during 120 min of water soaking, with water absorption levels varying by binder dose. The pelletizing ability, material, and energy costs of TRWB pellets depend on binder type and dose. CP can be applied as a binder for pelletizing torrefied rubberwood biomass. However, the mechanical durability of the product needs to be above the user requirement or standard. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Pelletizing

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The Centrifugal Nuclear Thermal Rocket: Foundations, Challenges, and Progress

The Centrifugal Nuclear Thermal Rocket: Foundations, Challen...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Thomas, Dale Houts, Michael Wang, Dean Hollingsworth, Keith Frederick, Robert Cassibry, Jason Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering and Engineering Management The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States Space Nuclear Propulsion Program Office NASA Marshall Space Flight Center HuntsvilleAL35812 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and Interim Dean of the Honors College The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Propulsion Research Center The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering The University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleAL35899 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The Centrifugal Nuclear Thermal Rocket (CNTR) is a Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) concept designed to heat propellant directly by the reactor fuel. The primary difference between the CNTR concept and traditional NTP systems is that rather than using traditional solid fuel elements, the CNTR uses liquid fuel with the liquid contained in rotating cylinders by centrifugal force. If the concept can be successfully realized, the CNTR would have a high specific impulse (up to 1800 s) at high thrust, which may enable (i) viable near-term human Mars exploration by reducing round-trip times to 420 days and (ii) direct injection orbits for scientific rendezvous missions to the Solar System outer planets and Kuiper Belt objects. Research is presently underway to determine resolutions for the significant engineering challenges that the CNTR concept presents. These challenges, the study plans to address them, and progress have been described previously;this paper provides an update on progress to date for the overall research effort, including strategies and key results on revision of a reference configuration, definition of key parameters which allows integration of the results of various analyses, and reviews strategies to mitigate the problem of Uranium vapor saturating the propellant exhaust and significantly impacting the CNTR’s specific impulse. Analyses and experiments, both underway and planned, to update estimates of engine key performance parameters including specific impulse, thrust and thrust to weight ratio along with the identification of selected design margins within the engine itself are described – all toward the goal of enabling plans for a laboratory demonstration of a single Centrifugal Fuel Element. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rockets

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The Effect of Blade Arc Angle on the Performance of Gravitational Water Vortex Turbine: Case Study on Type-L Blade Runner 7th

The Effect of Blade Arc Angle on the Performance of Gravitat...

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7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Material, ICE-SEAM 2021

作者： Handoko, Rieky Hadi, Syamsul P. T, D. Danardono Dwi Prasetyo, Ari Graduate Program of Mechanical Engineering Department Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9789811931789

The flow of rivers and lakes that flow throughout the year has the potential for developing water energy in the world. Dams to make heads are needed as a hydroelectric power plant that can cause environmental and ecological changes, disrupt river flow and even local population migration. The application of microhydro power plants is one of the efforts to overcome this problem. Gravitational Water Vortex Turbine (GWVT) is a relatively new technology in the field of microhydro power generation and is still in the process of being developed to obtain maximum turbine power values. The blade shape research has been carried out using the experimental method in this study. The research was conducted using a water tunnel with a cone type basin to create a water vortex with three variations of water discharge. Design and testing of prototype L-type runners with variations of three blade angles;75°, 90°, 105°, the inclination of the blade to the vertical axis of 60°, and the number of blades 5 have been completed in this study. The results showed that the L runner with an blade arc angle of 90° produced the highest turbine power followed by a blade angle of 75° and 105°. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Vortex flow

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Dynamic response of the cell traction force to osmotic shock

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第5期9卷 321-331页

作者： Yongman Liu Wenjie Wu Shuo Feng Ye Chen Xiaoping Wu Qingchuan Zhang Shangquan Wu School of Biomedical Engineering Anhui Medical University230032 HefeiChina CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material Department of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China230026 HefeiChina

Osmotic pressure is vital to many physiological activities,such as cell proliferation,wound healing and disease ***,how cells interact with the extracellular matrix(ECM)when subjected to osmotic shock remains ***,we visualize the mechanical interactions between cells and the ECM during osmotic shock by quantifying the dynamic evolution of the cell traction *** show that both hypertonic and hypotonic shocks induce continuous and large changes in cell traction ***,the traction force varies with cell volume:the traction force increases as cells shrink and decreases as cells ***,the direction of the traction force is independent of cell volume changes and is always toward the center of the cell-substrate ***,we reveal a mechanical mechanism in which the change in cortical tension caused by osmotic shock leads to the variation in traction force,which suggests a simple method for measuring changes in cell cortical *** findings provide new insights into the mechanical force response of cells to the external environment and may provide a deeper understanding of how the ECM regulates cell structure and function.

关键词： traction healing wound

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Influence of Material Inhomogeneity and Transverse Isotropy on the Biomechanical Responses of Femur under Bending and Compression

Influence of Material Inhomogeneity and Transverse Isotropy ...

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2023 International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI 2023

作者： Zhang, Guanjun Wang, Qinhuai Jia, Xiaohang Mao, Haojie Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering Western University Canada State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan University China Hunan University China

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Embodied Co-Reflection: Enhancing Fitness Data Reflection through the Integration of Embodied Interaction and Narrative Feedback

Embodied Co-Reflection: Enhancing Fitness Data Reflection th...

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2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2025

作者： Imai, Atsuhiro Misaki, Daigo Graduate School of Engineering Mechanical Engineering Program Human Interface Lab. Kogakuin University Shinjuku-Ku Tokyo Japan Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Human Interface Lab. Kogakuin University Shinjuku-Ku Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713958

Many fitness trackers monitor physical activity by presenting data such as heart rate and step count in numerical or graphical formats. However, these methods often fail to connect the data with users’ subjective bodily sensations, making it challenging for users to perceive the information as personally relevant. To address this issue, this study proposes a reflective system that integrates embodied interaction with voice narrative feedback. The system utilizes the body as a reference frame for fitness data and presents health information in a story-like format. Results from user studies indicate that the proposed system significantly improves engagement (aesthetic appeal, reward factors) and reduces cognitive load (satisfaction, frustration), showing moderate to large effect sizes. It also strengthens the connection between users and their data. This approach demonstrates the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional fitness trackers, offering a novel and immersive reflective experience in the healthcare and fitness domains. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： mHealth

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