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Advancing optothermal manipulation:decoupling temperature and flow fields in quasi-isothermal microscale streaming

Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第9期12卷 1713-1714页

作者： Youngsun Kim Yuebing Zheng Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA

By decoupling temperature and flow fields through symmetry-correlated laser scan sequences,ISO-FLUCS enables quasi-isothermal optofluidic microscale *** technique offers precise control over fluid manipulation while m... 详细信息

关键词： thermal isothermal flow

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Structural Analysis of Thumb Mechanism Exoskeleton Design for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation

Structural Analysis of Thumb Mechanism Exoskeleton Design fo...

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2023 International Conference on Advanced Mechatronics, Intelligent Manufacture and Industrial Automation, ICAMIMIA 2023

作者： Qoryah, Rika Dwi Hidayatul Guntur, Harus Laksana Nurhadi, Hendro Prastyo, Handri Kristianta, Franciscus Xaverius Chandika, Shendy Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Graduate Program of Mechanical Engineering Department Surabaya Indonesia Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Mechanical Engineering Department Surabaya Indonesia Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Mechanical Engineering Department Surabaya Indonesia University of Jember Undergraduate Program Mechanical Engineering Department Jember Indonesia University of Jember Mechanical Engineering Department Jember Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309225

Stroke is the second cause of death and the third cause of disability in the world. Stroke is a disease caused by a clot in the artery that supplies blood to the brain (ischemia). Rehabilitation is a solution to restore the function of parts of the body that have been disturbed by a stroke. Therefore, exoskeleton robots for stroke therapy are one solution to provide good rehabilitation. The exoskeleton robot supports healthy human hand movements and considers the safety and comfort factors during rehabilitation. The exoskeleton in this research uses a cable and sheath transmission mechanism with a locally situated motor as a design mechanism that guarantees safety and comfort. The design strength can be determined using ANSYS static structural assistance software so that the maximum stress in links 1, 2, and 3 is known within safe limits with anthropometric loading. Apart from that, the static structural simulation results show that link 1 can withstand a maximum load of 20 N or more in the X-axis loading, a load of 15 N in the Y-axis loading, and a load of 15 N in the Y-axis loading, and a load of 10 N in the Z-axis loading. Link 2 can withstand a maximum load of 10 N in the X-axis load and 20 N or more in the Y-axis load. Meanwhile, link 3 can withstand a maximum load of 20 N in the X-axis load and below 10 N in the Y-axis load. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Finite element method

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Investigating the Response of Ferrofluid Droplets in a Uniform Rotating Magnetic Field: Towards Splitting and Merging 6

Investigating the Response of Ferrofluid Droplets in a Unifo...

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6th International Conference on Manipulation, Automation, and robotics at Small Scales, MARSS 2023

作者： Youesfi, Masoud Sarkhosh, Mohammad Hosein Bijarchi, Mohamad Ali Pishkenari, Hossein Nejat Sharif University of Technology Nano-robotics Laboratory Mechanical Engineering Department Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330397

Ferrofluid droplets are of great importance due to their ability to be manipulated by magnetic actuation, enabling progress in various areas, such as nanotechnology, robotics, and optics. Moving, splitting, and merging the ferrofluid droplets need a comprehensive analysis of the behavior of the ferrofluid droplets in a magnetic field. Here, we analyze the response of ferrofluid droplets when they are under the effect of a uniform rotating magnetic field. A water-based ferrofluid droplet is immersed in a high-viscosity fluid, and the frequency of the applied field is changed from 0.01 to 0.30 Hz for performing experiments. Three distinct types of motion are observed during experiments: pure rotation at a low-frequency magnetic field, splitting the droplet at medium frequency field, and merging the small droplets into one droplet at high frequency. The responses of ferrofluid droplets are explained through the interaction of surface tension, drag, and magnetic force. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Drops

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Change of Electrical and Transport Properties of Nickel Oxide by Carrier Concentration and Temperature through First‑Principle Calculations

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2023年第4期6卷 109-118页

作者： Nayem Md.Reza Shah Chang‑Dong Yeo Minyeong Choi Yang‑Ki Hong Jeong H.You Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Material Science Ph.D.Program The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Department of Mechanical Engineering School of EngineeringUniversity of St.ThomasSt.PaulMN 55105USA

Nickel is typically used as one of the main components in electrical contact devices or *** oxide(NiO)is usually formed on the surfaces of electrodes and can negatively impact system performance by introducing electrical contact *** thermal,electrical,and transport properties of NiO,as a Mott insulator or a p-type semiconductor,can be altered by operating and environmental conditions such as temperature and stress/strain by *** this study,we inves-tigate the fundamental material properties of NiO through the first-principle ***,we obtain and compare the lattice parameter,magnetic moment,and electronic structure for NiO via the WIEN2K simulations with four different poten-tials(i.e.,GGA,GGA+U,LSDA,and LSDA+U).Then,using the WIEN2K simulation results with LSDA+U potential that produces a highly accurate bandgap for NiO,we calculate the electrical conductivity and electrical part of the thermal conductivity of nickel and NiO as a function of temperature and carrier concentration through the BoltzTraP *** simulation results revealed that the electrical conductivity relative to the relaxation time for NiO increases with the carrier concentration,while it shows a slightly decreasing trend with temperature under a fixed carrier *** contrast,the electrical part of the thermal conductivity shows an increasing trend considering carrier concentration and temperature.

关键词： Nickel oxide Magnetic moments Density of states Seebeck coefcient Electrical conductivity

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Origami engineering

NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS

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NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS 2024年第1期4卷 1页

作者： [Anonymous] Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical Engineering University of Trento Trento Italy Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics Peking University Beijing China Independent Researcher Paris France School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ USA Princeton Materials Institute (PMI) Princeton University Princeton NJ USA

This PrimeView highlights the various real-world applications of origami engineering, ranging from robotics to medical devices, architecture and space technology.

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Hierarchical Sponge-Hydrogel Hybrid Structures with Robust Interfaces

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第20期41卷 2635-2640页

作者： Pei Zhang Guangda Chen Xingmei Chen Junfei Xing Yue Tao Ji Liu Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055 China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems Department of Mechanical and Energy EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055 China

Soft materials including elastomers and hydrogels are playing critical roles in a variety of fields,including bioelectrodes,batteries,supercapacitors,biomedical scaffolds,and solar vapor *** hydrophobic sponges(i.e.,mechanical robustness,elasticity and macroscopic porous structure)and hydrophilic hydrogels(i.e.,autonomous water absorption and transportation,biocompatibility)within one unit could readily combine the complementary characters from each component,making a number of future research directions and applications *** propose a simple yet effective strategy to construct sponge-hydrogel hybrid structures with robust hydrophobic-hydrophilic *** sponge scaffold imparts the sponges-hydrogel hybrids with desirable mechanical robustness,elasticity and macroscopic *** the other hand,the incorporated hydrogel component endows the hybrids with high water content(98 wt%hydrogel and 2 wt%sponge),superior compatibility,and nanoscale pores allowing for storage and transportation of various chemical and biological *** further demonstrate that the introduction of hydrophilic hydrogel components could effectively improve the liquid absorption capability,blood coagulation rate,hemostatic capacity and hemocompatibility,thus promising as hemostatic agents.

关键词： Sponge-hydrogel hybrid Interface Hierarchical Robustness Liquid absorption Gels Polymer Composites Materials Science

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Deep Learning-Based Weed Detection for Precision Agriculture Applications 6

Deep Learning-Based Weed Detection for Precision Agriculture...

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6th International Conference on robotics and Automation in Industry, ICRAI 2024

作者： Ahmed, Saaim Ali, Muhammad Waris Arshad, Muhammad Ali Khan, Shahbaz ARL National University of Sciences and Technology Aerial Robotics Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Islamabad Pakistan ARL National University of Sciences and Technology Aerial Robotics Lab Department of Robotics and AI Islamabad Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355703

Weed detection and management is an intricate and formidable challenge, affecting the efficiency of human agricultural practices. Object detection has merged as a key technique in precision-based agriculture for combatting this issue. This paper analyzes the performance of two cutting-edge object detection models namely YOLOv8x and Faster RCNN on a specialized weed-detection dataset. By leveraging transfer learning, these models proved computationally feasible and accurate. The models were built and trained in a Kaggle environment, promoting a more collaborative approach to developing and implementing deep-learning models. The Faster RCNN model showcased a comparatively better mAP as compared to the YOLOv8x model. This paper highlights the significance of advanced models like Faster RCNN and YOLOv8x for precision agriculture while advocating for further research in deep-learning techniques for promoting resource-efficient agricultural and farming practices. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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A preliminary characterization of physical therapist visual behaviors during standing balance tasks using eye tracking 46

A preliminary characterization of physical therapist visual ...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Nigrelli, Emma Stirling, Leia Sienko, Kathleen University of Michigan Department of Mechanical Engineering Ann ArborMI United States University of Michigan Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering Robotics Department Ann ArborMI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Visual observations provide an important foundation for physical therapist (PT) decision making in balance rehabilitation. This study used eye tracking to identify areas of the body focused on by PTs while evaluating standing balance across different exercise difficulties. Eye tracking data were obtained from five PTs who observed and rated older adults performing standing balance exercises, using a five-point scale. Excluding ratings of five, PTs had an average of approximately 215% more mean visits and an average of approximately 195% longer mean average visit durations to the lower extremities (LE) compared to the other regions of the body. However, visits to the LE shortened with increasing balance challenge, with approximately 75% shorter mean average visit durations to the LE for exercises rated as five compared to exercises rated as one. The number of visits to the head increased with balance challenge, with approximately 230% more mean number of visits to the head for ratings of five compared to ratings of one. Shortened visit durations and an increased number of visits to the upper body suggest an increase in whole body scan patterns with increasing challenge level. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Physical therapy

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CO2 Laser Fabrication of a Passive continuous-flow T-shaped Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Micromixer

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Lasers in Manufacturing and Materials Processing 2023年第3期10卷 373-388页

作者： Okello, Job Lazarus El-Bab, Ahmed M. Fath Yoshino, Masahiko El-Hofy, Hassan A. Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department University of Science and Technology New Borg El-Arab City Egypt Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering Department University of Science and Technology New Borg El-Arab City Egypt Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan On leave from Department of Production Engineering Faculty of Engineering Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt

Since the emergence of microfluidics, the demand for microfluidic devices is ever increasing. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is extensively used to manufacture microfluidic devices because it is cheap, disposable, and biocompatible. CO2 laser micromachining of PMMA is cheap, fast, and efficient. However, thermal defects affect the process. In this work, a passive continuous-flow T-shaped micromixer was fabricated using a low-power CO2 laser. Microchannels were fabricated on PMMA substrates coated with a 1-µm layer of 99.95% pure aluminium. The power and speed of the laser varied from 1.5 to 7.5 W and 5 to 17.5 mm/s respectively. The effects of the deposited energy on surface roughness, heat-affected zone, and volumetric removal rate were examined. The microchannels were characterized to get the suitable dimensions for the micromixer’s microchannel which was fabricated at 3.0 W and 17.5 mm/s. The micromixer was bonded using the microwave welding technique and tested for leakage using purple dye by varying the flow pressure at intervals of 100 kPa for 20 min. Up to 1.5 MPa, no leakage occurred. Beyond 1.5 MPa, any increase in pressure resulted in leakage from the inlet tubes. Coating PMMA substrates with 99.95% pure aluminium before fabrication reduces thermal defects and improves efficiency. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Carbon dioxide lasers

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Stiffness and Vibration Resistance Analysis of Isotropic Stewart Platform (ISP) and Common Stewart Platform (CSP) 23

Stiffness and Vibration Resistance Analysis of Isotropic Ste...

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23rd International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, ICCAS 2023

作者： Tileukulova, Aisulu Rakhmetova, Perizat Yeshmukhametov, Azamat Koganezawa, Koichi Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Department of Physics and Technology Almaty Kazakhstan Nazarbayev University Department of Robotics Engineering Astana Kazakhstan Satbayev University Department of Robotics and Engineering Tools of Automation Almaty Kazakhstan School of Engineering and Digital Sciences Nazarbayev University Department of Robotics Engineering Astana Kazakhstan Tokai University Department of Mechanical Engineering Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9788993215274

Parallel manipulators found wide applications in the industry such as entertainment, heavy, and aerospace industries. However, the contemporary growth of the economy and industry demands additional and exceptional capabilities for robots. Parallel manipulator applications in the industry are pretty specific and complex rather than serial manipulators. Therefore in this research, we proposed an isotropic Stewart parallel manipulator to enhance robot stiffness and payload capacity capabilities. Moreover, proves the concept by experimental methods. The main contribution of this paper is to rely on robot design, joint positions, and comparison of experimental results to prove the concept idea. The research paper is organized in the following order: introduction, design concept, joint positions and simulation, experimental results, and conclusion. © 2023 ICROS.

关键词： Stiffness

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