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Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XVII 2020

作者： Kollipara, Pavana Siddhartha Lin, Linhan Zheng, Yuebing Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin TX78751 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute University of Texas at Austin TX78751 United States State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510637320

Several studies have been proposed to control particle trajectory in liquid solutions using optically induced thermal gradient. Upon introducing different solutes such as salts and surfactants along with microparticles in these solutions, an additional optically induced thermoelectric trapping force is generated due to the differential motion of ions in the solution under thermal field. As the complexity of the solution increases, it becomes increasing difficult to understand particle response towards laser irradiance. More importantly, the existing models to study the thermoelectric behavior of the particle assumes a constant temperature gradient across the particles, which becomes obsolete in the micro-regime due to discontinuity of thermal conductivity at the particle-solution interface. For a better understanding of trapping and manipulation behavior of particles under light induced thermoelectric field, the temperature gradient distortion must be considered. In this work, full-scale finiteelement solver model has been proposed to determine the temperature variation around a microparticle under laser heating. The resultant temperature distribution is utilized to numerically evaluate the thermoelectric field and the trapping potential of the laser induced opto-thermoelectric trap. To experimentally validate this methodology, polystyrene micro-particles are trapped opto-thermoelectric-ally in CTAC solution and compared the experimental trapping stiffness to theoretical estimates obtained from the model. It is observed that trapping stiffness saturates as surfactant concentration increases which can be optimized by choosing the lowest CTAC concentration at the onset of saturation. The model implemented here can be easily extended to arbitrarily shaped particles, particles with non-uniform surface morphology, different combinations of core-shell particles and electrolyte solutions, which can be implemented to study different phenomenon such as optical pulling, rotat

关键词： Thermal gradients

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A review of fluid-structure interaction: blood flow in arteries

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Biomedical engineering Advances 2025年 9卷

作者： Zubeir Allum Saib Farid Abed Mergen H. Ghayesh Marco Amabili Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Bioengineering New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Civil Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering University of Adelaide South Australia Australia School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang province China

Over the past decade, Fluid-Structure Interaction studies related to blood vessels have been an active area of research, as they adequately capture the multiphysics of blood flow within the circulatory system. Despite the growing interest, only few state-of-the-art reviews have been published in the literature, each focusing individually on the coronary artery, carotid artery, aorta, heart valves and peripheral arteries. This systematic review assesses the current research and implications of Fluid-Structure Interaction implementation strategies in relation to human arteries. It is meant to comprehensively amalgamate research studies on an array of arteries coupled with cardiovascular complications such as atherosclerosis, plaque calcification, aneurysms, aortic dissections and valve dysfunction. It additionally covers computational finite element and finite volume solver demands, coupling schemes, inlet and outlet boundary conditions specifications, Newtonian and non-Newtonian blood rheological properties, laminar and turbulent flow types, as well as the modelling of the vessel wall’s hyperelastic and viscoelastic mechanical behavior. The research information is retrieved from the last ten years and summarized in a tabulated format, to help researchers in easily extracting useful information for future investigations and reviews.

关键词： Fluid-structure interaction Computational fluid dynamics Finite element analysis Blood flow Hemodynamics Biomechanics Atherosclerosis Aneurysm Calcification Artery Plaque Valve

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Optimization of screw press pressure toward oil losses in the crude palm oil industry

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3199卷

作者： Sri Rizki Putri Primandari Waskito Mulianti Delima Yanti Sari Arwizet Kaharudin Rizky Ema Wulansari Primawati Dian Kharismadewi Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Padang 25131 Padang West Sumatera Indonesia Appropriate Technology Research Centre Universitas Negeri Padang 25131 Padang West Sumatera Indonesia Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang 30263 Palembang South Sumatera Indonesia

This article focuses on the processing engineering and application of a screw press in the crude palm oil industry. The screw press is a machine designed to extract oil from palm fruit fibre and nut, aiming to minimize oil losses in the fibre. However, excessive pressure in the screw press can lead to broken nuts, negatively impacting oil quality. The objective is to determine the optimal pressure that ensures minimal oil losses while adhering to industry standards. The study reveals a logarithmic relationship between screw press pressure and oil losses, meanwhile, relationship between pressure and broken nut was polynomial. The industry standard sets a maximum oil loss limit of 5% and a broken nut limit of 15%. Therefore, finding the appropriate pressure is crucial for achieving optimal results in crude palm oil extraction. This study obtained 60 bar as optimum pressure from mathematical analysis. This research contributes to the understanding of processing engineering techniques in the palm oil industry and aids in enhancing oil yield and quality.

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Exotic physical properties in metallic perovskite LaRuO3: Strong evidence for Hund metal

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Physical Review B 2022年第8期106卷 L081104-L081104页

作者： Z. Y. Li X. Y. Li J. M. He Michael M. McGuire Adam A. Aczel J. A. Alonso M. T. Fernandez-Diaz J.-S. Zhou Materials Science and Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC Cantoblanco E-28049 Madrid Spain Institut-Laue-Langevin (ILL) 156X F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 France

The Hund's coupling rule is of fundamental importance in atomic physics. It also plays a key role in the determination of physical properties in strongly correlated electron systems where the Fermi energy lies in multiple bands. We report a thorough investigation of a rarely studied 4d perovskite oxide LaRuO3 by a suite of measurements including transport, magnetization, specific heat, thermoelectric power, thermal conductivity, and neutron and x-ray diffraction. Our results are consistent with theoretical predictions, which makes LaRuO3 an exemplary Hund metal.

关键词： Electrical conductivity Magnetic susceptibility Spin-orbit coupling

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Cooperative collision avoidance control of robotic fish propelled by a servo/ipmc driven hybrid tail

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ASME 2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, DSCC 2019

作者： Yi, Xiongfeng Chen, Zheng Chakravarthy, Animesh Bio-inspired Robotics and Controls Lab Department of Mechanical and Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Texas at Arlington ArlingtonTX76019 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791859162

This paper develops and demonstrates cooperative collision avoidance control on two robotic fish propelled by a servo motor and an ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC)-driven fish tail. First, experiments conducted on a servo motor/IPMC-driven fish demonstrate an impulsive turning behavior in the fish's trajectory under the application of a specific frequency, amplitude of the servo motor, and a constant voltage on the IPMC joint. These experiments validate the 'back relaxation' of the IPMC joint by observing the angular velocity and the centripetal acceleration of the fish. This impulsive turning speed due to the 'back relaxation' of IPMC joint is subsequently modeled by a transfer function and this transfer function is then integrated into the development of the collision avoidance laws for the fish. The collision avoidance control law utilizes the impulsive turning capability of the robotic fish. An experimental validation of the collision avoidance law is performed. © 2019 ASME.

关键词： Transfer functions

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Regimes of stratified turbulence at low Prandtl number

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Shah, Kasturi Chini, Gregory P. Caulfield, Colm-Cille P. Garaud, Pascale Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0WA United Kingdom Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Program in Integrated Applied Mathematics University of New Hampshire DurhamNH03824 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New Hampshire DurhamNH03824 United States Institute for Energy and Environmental Flows University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0EZ United Kingdom Department of Applied Mathematics Baskin School of Engineering University of California Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA95064 United States

Quantifying transport by strongly stratified turbulence in low Prandtl number (Pr) fluids is critically important for the development of better models for the structure and evolution of stellar and planetary interiors. Motivated by recent numerical simulations showing strongly anisotropic flows suggestive of scale-separated dynamics, we perform a multiscale asymptotic analysis of the governing equations. We find that, in all cases, the resulting slow-fast systems take a quasilinear form. Our analysis also reveals the existence of several distinct dynamical regimes depending on the emergent buoyancy Reynolds and Péclet numbers, Reb = α2Re and Peb = PrReb, respectively, where α is the aspect ratio of the large-scale turbulent flow structures, and Re is the outer scale Reynolds number. Scaling relationships relating the aspect ratio, the characteristic vertical velocity, and the strength of the stratification (measured by the Froude number Fr) naturally emerge from the analysis. When Peb α, the dynamics at all scales is dominated by buoyancy diffusion, and our results recover the scaling laws empirically obtained from direct numerical simulations by Cope et al. (2020). For Peb ≥ O(1), diffusion is negligible (or at least subdominant) at all scales and our results are consistent with those of Chini et al. (2022) for strongly stratified geophysical turbulence at Pr = O(1). Finally, we have identified a new regime for α Peb 1, in which slow, large scales are diffusive while fast, small scales are not. We conclude by presenting a map of parameter space that clearly indicates the transitions between isotropic turbulence, non-diffusive stratified turbulence, diffusive stratified turbulence and viscously-dominated flows, and by proposing parameterisations of the buoyancy flux, mixing efficiency and turbulent diffusion coefficient for each regime. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Buoyancy

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Performance of vehicle direction behavior on turning conditions by adding braking force proportion control

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3053卷

作者： I. Ketut Adi Atmika I. Gusti Agung Kade Suriadi Mechanical Engineering Department of Udayana University Street of Bukit Jimbaran Bali 80361 Indonesia Technology and Material Research Center of Udayana University Street of Bukit Jimbaran Bali 80361 Indonesia Doctoral Program of Engineering Science Engineering Faculty of Udayana University Street of PB Sudirman Bali 80114 Indonesia

The performance of vehicle direction stability both on straight roads and turning roads is one of the important aspects to be considered in designing automotive products as a whole. In straight road conditions, an antilock brake system has been developed or better known as the Antilock Breaking System (ABS), but in turning conditions, the standard ABS performance is less than optimal to overcome oversteer or understeer vehicle conditions. The less optimal performance of vehicle direction stability is due to the magnitude of the braking force of each wheel is still the same while in turning conditions the braking force requirements of each wheel are not the same. One strategy to overcome these weaknesses is to control the proportion of braking force on each wheel. The research was conducted by formulating the physical model of the system into a mathematical model, then simulating it with a Simulink matlab. The braking force proportion control system model, and the vehicle model are made completely, then integrated into the vehicle direction stability performance plant/system. The simulation results show that at a fairly high speed of 80 km/hour the braking system with control of the proportion of braking force is still quite good, while the standard ABS at speeds above 60 km/hour tends to oversteer.

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Effect of recycling agents on the homogeneity of high RAP binders 2

Effect of recycling agents on the homogeneity of high RAP bi...

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2nd International Conference on Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction, AM3P 2020

作者： Abdelaziz, A. Martin, A. Epps Masad, E. Arámbula-Mercado, E. Kaseer, F. Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Texas A&M University TX United States Mechanical Engineering Program Texas A&M University at Qatar Doha Qatar Texas A&M Transportation Institute TX United States Florida Department of Transportation State Materials Office GainesvilleFL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780367461690

Increased costs of virgin asphalt pavement materials have encouraged transportation agencies to allow higher quantities of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in their recycled asphalt mix design if performance can be maintained. Recycling agents or rejuvenators are organic materials used to reduce the stiffness and brittleness of RAP binders and make recycled mixtures less prone to cracking. Recycling agents can facilitate the use of higher quantities of RAP;however, there is limited understanding on their effect on the homogeneity of the final blend of virgin and recycled binders and recycling agent. This study utilized Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to assess the effect of recycling agents on the homogeneity of different blends of virgin and RAP binders. AFM results revealed that the addition of recycling agents improved the homogeneity of blends at unaged and short-term aging conditions;however, this effect diminished after long-term aging. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Binders

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Deep Learning-Based Analysis of Glottal Attack and Offset Times in Adductor Laryngeal Dystonia

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Journal of Voice 2023年

作者： Yousef, Ahmed M. Deliyski, Dimitar D. Zayernouri, Mohsen Zacharias, Stephanie R.C. Naghibolhosseini, Maryam Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders Michigan State University East Lansing MI United States Departments of Mechanical Engineering & Statistics and Probability Michigan State University East Lansing MI United States Head and Neck Regenerative Medicine Program Mayo Clinic Scottsdale Arizona United States Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona United States

Objective: Diagnosis of adductor laryngeal dystonia (AdLD) is challenging as it mimics voice features of other voice disorders. This could lead to misdiagnosis (or delayed diagnosis) and ineffective treatments of AdLD. This paper develops automated measurements of glottal attack time (GAT) and glottal offset time (GOT) from high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) in connected speech as objective measures that can potentially facilitate the diagnosis of this disorder in the future. Methods: HSV data were recorded from vocally normal adults and patients with AdLD during the reading of the “Rainbow Passage” and six CAPE-V (Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice) sentences. A deep learning framework was designed and trained to segment the glottal area and detect the vocal fold edges in the HSV dataset. This automated framework allowed us to automatically measure and quantify the GATs and GOTs for the participants. Accordingly, a comparison was held between the obtained measurements among vocally normal speakers and those with AdLD. Results: The automated framework was successfully developed and able to accurately segment the glottal area/edges. The precise automated measurements of GAT and GOT revealed minor, nonsignificant differences compared to the results of manual analysis—showing a strong correlation between the measures by the automated and manual methods. The results showed significant differences in the GAT values between the vocally normal subjects and AdLD patients, with larger variability in both the GAT and GOT measures in the AdLD group. Conclusions: The developed automated approach for GAT and GOT measurement can be valuable in clinical practice. These quantitative measurements can be used as meaningful biomarkers of the impaired vocal function in AdLD and help its differential diagnosis in the future. © 2023 The Voice Foundation

关键词： Adductor laryngeal dystonia Connected speech Deep learning Glottal attack/offset time High-speed videoendoscopy Laryngeal imaging

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Deep Potentials for Materials Science

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wen, Tongqi Zhang, Linfeng Wang, Han Weinan, E. Srolovitz, David J. Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong DP Technology Beijing China AI for Science Institute Beijing China Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing China HEDPS CAPT College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing China Department of Mathematics and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton United States Shenzhen China

To fill the gap between accurate (and expensive) ab initio calculations and efficient atomistic simulations based on empirical interatomic potentials, a new class of descriptions of atomic interactions has emerged and been widely applied;i.e., machine learning potentials (MLPs). One recently developed type of MLP is the Deep Potential (DP) method. In this review, we provide an introduction to DP methods in computational materials science. The theory underlying the DP method is presented along with a step-by-step introduction to their development and use. We also review materials applications of DPs in a wide range of materials systems. The DP Library provides a platform for the development of DPs and a database of extant DPs. We discuss the accuracy and efficiency of DPs compared with ab initio methods and empirical potentials. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calculations

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