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16th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems, LASCAS 2025

作者： Barcelos, Eduardo A. Campagnucci, Pamela R. A. N. Munoz, Daniel M. Amaral, Wellington A. Haddad, Sandro A. P. Mechatronics Graduate Program Faculty of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Faculty of Gama DF Brasilia Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522124

With the advancement of semiconductor technologies, the need for efficient power management solutions in integrated systems, such as RISC-V architecture-based microcontrollers, becomes increasingly critical. However, there is a lack of studies comparing current reference architectures in terms of performance and robustness, particularly in 22nm technologies. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of two current reference designs implemented in the same technology-referred to as Reference Design A and Reference Design B. We focus on their approaches to thermal compensation, supply stability, and layout optimizations. Through simulations and experimental tests, we evaluate the performance of each design within a power management system that includes DC-DC converters and LDO regulators. Our results indicate that Design A exhibits superior power supply rejection with a PSRR of -85 dB, while Design B demonstrates enhanced energy efficiency and thermal stability, achieving a nominal current of 5.14 μA and a temperature coefficient of 16.21 ppm. These findings underscore the importance of balancing energy efficiency, thermal stability, and power supply variation rejection when selecting current references for low-power, high-reliability applications, such as those in the Internet of Things (IoT). © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Integrated circuit layout

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A Brief Review of Traumatic Brain Injury Based on Finite Element Modeling

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Multiscale Science and engineering 2025年 1-10页

作者： Raouf, Izaz Sohail, Muhammad Kim, Heung Soo Chung, Jae-Hyun Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy Engineering Dongguk University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Washington Seattle USA

Finite element modeling (FEM) has proved a decisive tool to investigate the complex biomechanics of traumatic brain injury (TBI). This review examines the application of FEM in preclinical TBI research, focusing on simulating human injury mechanisms. The evolution of rat brain FE models is traced from early simplified approaches to advanced, anatomically detailed simulations that employ high-resolution imaging and computational methods. Key modeling techniques (image acquisition, mesh generation, material characterization) and the inherent challenges (limited experimental data, scaling issues, computational constraints) are addressed. Further, current research applications are highlighted, including controlled cortical impact, blast injury, and neurological disease investigations. Finally, future directions are explored, like integrating machine learning and multi-scale modeling to enhance the accuracy and predictive power of FEM to understand and mitigate TBI.

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A Novel Hybrid Ureteroscope Tracking for Robotic-Assisted Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery via Recognition of Pathway With Lumen Identification

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IEEE robotics and Automation Letters 2025年第6期10卷 6368-6375页

作者： Han, Jung-Min Kwon, Dong-Soo Kyung, Ki-Uk Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Department of the Robotics Program Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of Roen Surgical Inc. Daejeon34051 Korea Republic of Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of

Resolving disorientation of the surgeon caused by wrong recognition of scope's position, which often increases procedural time and workload, remains a significant challenge in robotic-assisted retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). This letter introduces a novel hybrid ureteroscope tracking algorithm that integrates low-latency lumen identification with robotic motion data to enhance intrarenal navigation. The system estimates the ureteroscope's position on the centerline of the kidney by recognizing its pathway. In validation tests using a 3D-printed phantom, the proposed method achieved an average localization success rate of 89.2% for major calyx entry and 84.1% for minor calyx entry, with an average computation time of 0.26 seconds, ensuring low-latency operation. Usability testing with ten novice participants demonstrated a 44.5% reduction in cognitive workload (NASA-TLX), improved task success rates, and reduced manipulation effort. These results indicate that the proposed tracking algorithm significantly enhances ureteroscope navigation, improving efficiency and reducing the surgeon's cognitive load in robotic-assisted RIRS. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Medical robotics

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A 22nm CMOS PFM Buck Converter Used in a 32-Bit RISC-V Microcontroller for IoT Applications 16

A 22nm CMOS PFM Buck Converter Used in a 32-Bit RISC-V Micro...

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16th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems, LASCAS 2025

作者： Oliveira, Luiz H. N. Amaral, Wellington A. Haddad, Sandro A. P. Munoz, Daniel M. Barcelos, Eduardo A. Sotero, Vinicius V. M. Jonhson, Emmanuel K. M. Campagnucci, Pamela R. A. N. Lima, Luis V. N. Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program Faculty of Gama Brazil Mechatronics Graduate Program University of Brasilia Faculty of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering DF Brasilia Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522124

The demand for efficient power management solutions in electronic devices has increased significantly, especially for microcontrollers operating in low-power modes. This article presents the design and implementation of a Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM)-based buck converter for applications in 32-bit microcontrollers using 22nm CMOS technology. The methodology involves the development of a Constant On Time (COT) architecture that maintains a fixed duration for the activation of the high-side MOSFET, using a monostable multivibrator to generate the necessary timing signals. The converter's performance was simulated under various load conditions and process corners to evaluate its efficiency and output characteristics. The results show that the proposed buck converter achieves high efficiency, with peak values above 95%, while maintaining a low output ripple. Specifically, the converter exhibits an efficiency of 93.4% at a load of 1mA, with output ripple voltages as low as 2.20 mV under ideal conditions. The contributions of this work lie in the advancement of PFM converter technology for modern microcontroller applications, demonstrating the potential of 22nm CMOS processes to improve power efficiency and performance. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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Performance Investigation of Water Purification System Assisted by Ultrasonic Vibrating Mesh Atomizer 4

Performance Investigation of Water Purification System Assis...

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4th International Symposium on Advances and Innovation in mechanical engineering, ISAIME 2023

作者： Agus Tri Putra, I.D.G. Septiadi, Wayan Nata Negara, Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Nindhia, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Study Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Politeknik Negeri Bali Bali Bukit Jimbaran80361 Indonesia Study Program of Doctor in Engineering Engineering Faculty Udayana University Bali Bukit Jimbaran80361 Indonesia

The growth of the metropolitan area has necessitated an increase in the demand for freshwater. One of the issues facing modern life is water treatment plant to supporting the communities. The approaches for treatment of the brackish water were carried out utilizing a wide range of technologies and technology. Many different technologies have been created recently to transform brackish water into freshwater using a variety of methods and equipment. One approach to produce extremely tiny water droplets is ultrasonic vibrating mesh. In this research, the performance of ultrasonic vibrating mesh has been investigated to purified the brackish water. This technique is similar to the distillation method in purification system of water traditionally. The evaluation of performance in this context has revolved around two key metrics: the rate of pure water production and the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) levels. Notably, the TDS content of brackish water saw a significant reduction, di-minishing by approximately 50 ppm, while the resulting quality of the pure water averaged at 354.6 ppm. Concurrently, the flow rate of pure water output was measured at an impressive 4.3 grams per minute. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distillation

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Titanium nitride nanoparticles as plasmonic nanothermometers

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Optics Express 2025年第4期33卷 6758-6770页

作者： Sarabia-Alonso, Julio Aurelio Pasos, Emmanuel Vidales Belamkar, Aishwarya Wagner, Brandon Mangolini, Lorenzo Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Riverside 900 University Ave. RiversideCA92521 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside 900 University Ave. RiversideCA92521 United States

The capability of measuring the temperature at nanometer length scales is highly desirable and useful in numerous fields such as plasmonics, biomedicine, and nanochemistry. Precise and easy-to-implement temperature measurements at these scales would enable the investigation of fundamental processes that occur, for instance, during the synthesis of nanomaterials, or the conversion of electromagnetic energy into thermal one (photothermal conversion). Here, we demonstrate that titanium nitride nanoparticles are effective nanothermometers whose temperature can be measured optically in a reliable and reproducible manner. We leverage the Raman signal from these nanomaterials to measure their temperature, and we do so in two different ways: using the phononic signature induced by the presence of native oxide and using the electronic anti-stoke Raman signal induced by the free electrons in the material. Our findings confirm that titanium nitride nanoparticles, which are already an earth-abundant, low-cost alternative to gold nanoparticles, are also a versatile tool for nanothermometry. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Titanium nitride

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Machine Learning Enables Rapid Detection of Slips Using a Robotic Hip Exoskeleton

IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics

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IEEE Transactions on Medical robotics and Bionics 2025年第2期7卷 666-677页

作者： Peterson, Reese R. Leestma, Jennifer K. Kang, Inseung Young, Aaron J. Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering AtlantaGA30332 United States Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition PensacolaFL32502 United States Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering The Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines AtlantaGA30332 United States Harvard University John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences AllstonMA02134 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences BostonMA02139 United States

Fall incidents due to slips are some of the most common causes of injuries for industry workers and older adults, motivating research to assist balance recovery following slips. To assist balance recovery during a slip, a detection algorithm that can work with an assistive device, such as an exoskeleton, needs to be able to detect slips rapidly after onset, which remains a critical gap in the field. Here, we compared the ability of linear discriminant analysis (LDA), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and convolutional neural networks (CNN) to detect slip using only native sensors on a hip exoskeleton. We trained and evaluated user-independent models on early-stance (ES) and late-stance (LS) slips of various magnitudes collected through treadmill-based slips. All models, except LDA with LS slips, detected slips with >90% accuracy. Overall, the best model was XGBoost, with its fastest results achieving average detection times and median accuracies of 155.06 ms at 96.25% for ES slips and 228.88 ms at 93.75% for LS slips, while also achieving 100% sensitivity at 195.64 ms (ES) and 266.24 ms (LS). Our results indicate a promising direction for further research into designing a generalizable model for balance recovery during slip perturbations using robotic hip exoskeletons. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Exoskeleton (robotics)

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Efficient Recycling of Magnesium Alloys via Partial Distillation Using Gravity-Multiple Effect Thermal System (G-METS)

Efficient Recycling of Magnesium Alloys via Partial Distilla...

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Magnesium Technology Symposium, 2025, held as part of the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, TMS 2025

作者： McArthur Sehar, Daniel Saito, Kenichi Telgerafchi, Armaghan Gallego, Maya Sridhar, Meera Iurkovskyi, Artem Powell, Adam Department of Materials Science and Engineering Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute 100 Institute Rd. WorcesterMA01609 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Shibaura Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute WorcesterMA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031810602

MagnesiumMagnesium’s remarkable stiffnessStiffness-to-weight and high strengthStrength-to-weight ratios could enable substantial vehicle lightweighting versus aluminum and steel. However, primary production is very energy- and emissions-intensive, and recyclingRecycling cannot cost-effectively produce magnesiumMagnesium of sufficient purity for die casting and other structural applications. Distillation can produce high-purity magnesiumMagnesium but is capital- and energy-intensive. Gravity-Driven Multiple Effect Thermal System (G-METS) is a continuous low-pressure magnesiumMagnesium distillation process used in primary production or recyclingRecycling in which heat re-use leads to just 0.5–1 kWh energy consumption per kgMg Mg product—which is 80–90% less energy than current Mg distillation. This paper presents new partial distillation experiments showing 99.96% product purity. An industrial distiller design can help to estimate capital costs. New modeling work describes temperature and pressure change in the vapor conduit, energy use and losses in the industrial distiller, and effects of evaporator flow vanes on the separation of volatile elements such as zinc. © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2025.

关键词： Magnesium alloys

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Adaptive Closed-Loop Functional Electrical Stimulation System With Visual Feedback for Enhanced Grasping in Neurological Impairments

IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics

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IEEE Transactions on Medical robotics and Bionics 2025年第2期7卷 678-686页

作者： Lin, Chengyu Cheng, Kong Hoi Pan, Wei Sun, Jinxin Gou, Guotao Fu, Junyun Leng, Yuquan Fu, Chenglong Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Shenzhen518055 China Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guangxi Human Physiological Information Non Invasive Detection Engineering Technology Research Center School of Life and Environmental Sciences Guilin541004 China

Grasping is a critical motor skill essential for daily activities, but it is often compromised in individuals with neural impairments. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) has emerged as a promising intervention, utilizing electrical pulses to stimulate muscles and thereby restore impaired motor functions. However, existing closed-loop FES systems depend on pre-calibrated angles or forces specific to individual objects, which limits their practicality in dynamic, real-world environments with varying object properties. This paper presents a novel closed-loop FES (CLFES) system with visual feedback, designed to dynamically adjust stimulation parameters based on real-time interaction states without requiring object-specific calibration. The system employs a finite state machine to manage sequential grasp-release tasks and integrates a visual perception module for slip detection and intent recognition. The system was tested with two individuals with disabilities on five common household objects. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements, including a 42.6% increase in success rate and a 45.9% reduction in task completion time compared to tasks performed without the system. These results underscore the system's potential to improve daily task performance for individuals with neural impairments. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Visual servoing

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Aranea Debris Interceptor - A Biomimetic Approach to Orbital Debris Mitigation

Aranea Debris Interceptor - A Biomimetic Approach to Orbital...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Orr, L. Champion, M. Donahue, K. Kazoleas, C. Zhan, J. Tan, N. Yuan, S. Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics The University of Alabama TuscaloosaAL35487 United States A. Leon Linton Department of Mechanical Robotics and Industrial Engineering Lawrence Technological University SouthfieldMI48075 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The escalating challenge of orbital debris poses a significant threat to operational satellites, human spaceflight, and the long-term sustainability of space activities. This paper presents the Aranea Debris Interceptor (ADI), an innovative spacecraft designed to address these challenges through advanced debris mitigation techniques. Inspired by the hunting strategies of the ogre-faced spider, the ADI utilizes six deployable tensegrity arms for the in-space fabrication of a debris-capturing net. This net, designed to ensnare a range of debris sizes, is held taut by the flexible arms and incorporates space welding technology for structural integrity. An auxiliary drag sail facilitates the self-deorbiting of captured debris. The expansive solar sail of the ADI enables traversal between orbits, expanding its debris collection range. This paper details the design, prototyping, and initial testing results of the deployable tensegrity arms. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solar sails

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