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Ductile inorganic semiconductors for deformable electronics

Interdisciplinary materials 2024年第6期3卷 835-846页

作者： Xiaocui Li Fu-Rong Chen Yang Lu Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Time‐resolved Aberration Corrected Environmental Electron Microscope Unit City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

Traditionally,it is relatively easy to process metal materials and polymers(plastics),while ceramic and inorganic semiconductor materials are hard to process,due to their intrinsic brittleness caused by directional covalent bonds or the strong electrostatic interactions among ionic *** brittleness of semiconductor materials,which may degrade their functional performance and cause catastrophic failures,has excluded them from many application *** exploration on room-temperature ductile semiconductors has been a long pursuit of mankind for fabricating deformable and more robust *** by this goal,researchers have already found that the plasticity of brittle semiconductors can be enhanced by size effects,which include fewer pre-existing micro-cracks and increased dislocation activity,charge characteristics,and defect *** has also been explored that a few quasi-layered/van der Waals semiconductors can have exceptional room-temperature metal-like plasticity,enabled by the relatively weak interlayer bonding and easy interlayer *** recently,intrinsic exceptional plasticity has been found in a group of all-inorganic perovskites(CsPbX 3,X=Cl,Br and I),which can be morphed into distinct morphologies through multislip at room temperature,without affecting their functional properties and bandgap *** on the above research status,in this review,we will discuss and present the relevant works on the plasticity found in inorganic semiconductors and the proposed deformation *** potential applications and bottlenecks of plastic semiconductors in manufacturing next-generation deformable electronic/optoelectronic devices and energy systems will also be discussed.

关键词： deformable electronics deformation mechanisms ductility inorganic semiconductors

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Progress in ceramic materials and structure design toward advanced thermal barrier coatings

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022年第7期11卷 985-1068页

作者： Zhi-Yuan WEI Guo-Hui MENG Lin CHEN Guang-Rong LI Mei-Jun LIU Wei-Xu ZHANG Li-Na ZHAO Qiang ZHANG Xiao-Dong ZHANG Chun-Lei WAN Zhi-Xue QU Lin CHEN Jing FENG Ling LIU Hui DONG Ze-Bin BAO Xiao-Feng ZHAO Xiao-Feng ZHANG Lei GUO Liang WANG Bo CHENG Wei-Wei ZHANG Peng-Yun XU Guan-Jun YANG Hong-Neng CAI Hong CUI You WANG Fu-Xing YE Zhuang MA Wei PAN Min LIU Ke-Song ZHOU Chang-Jiu LI State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures Department of Engineering MechanicsSchool of Aerospace EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Xi’an Aerospace Composite Research Institute Xi’an 710025China AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials Beijing 100095China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics&Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional MaterialsEducation Ministry of ChinaFaculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Xi’an Key Laboratory of High Performance Oil and Gas Field Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Materials Surface Engineering Technology the Key Lab of Guangdong for Modern Surface Engineering TechnologyInstitute of New MaterialsGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Integrated Computational Materials Research Centre Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201899China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of

Thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)can effectively protect the alloy substrate of hot components in aeroengines or land-based gas turbines by the thermal insulation and corrosion/erosion resistance of the ceramic top ***,the continuous pursuit of a higher operating temperature leads to degradation,delamination,and premature failure of the top *** new ceramic materials and new coating structures must be developed to meet the demand for future advanced TBC *** this paper,the latest progress of some new ceramic materials is first ***,a comprehensive spalling mechanism of the ceramic top coat is summarized to understand the dependence of lifetime on various factors such as oxidation scale growth,ceramic sintering,erosion,and calcium–magnesium–aluminium–silicate(CMAS)molten salt ***,new structural design methods for high-performance TBCs are discussed from the perspectives of lamellar,columnar,and nanostructure *** latest developments of ceramic top coat will be presented in terms of material selection,structural design,and failure mechanism,and the comprehensive guidance will be provided for the development of next-generation advanced TBCs with higher temperature resistance,better thermal insulation,and longer lifetime.

关键词： thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) ceramic material degradation and failure structure design long lifetime

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Enhanced performance of monocrystalline silicon solar cells using sol-gel synthesized zinc stannate anti-reflective coating via electro-spraying technique

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Ceramics International 2025年第8期51卷 10899-10912页

作者： Mostafa, Ayman M. Velu Kaliyannan, Gobinath Gunasekaran, Raja El-Tayeb, Zaynb Rao, Subha Krishna Al-Ahmadi, Ameenah N. Darwish, A.A.A. Younes, Ayman A.O. Elsharkawy, Wafaa B. Palaniappan, Sathish Kumar Department of Physics College of Science Qassim University P.O. Box 6644 Almolaydah Buraydah51452 Saudi Arabia Department of Mechatronics Engineering Kongu Engineering College Perundurai Tamil Nadu Erode638060 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Velalar College of Engineering and Technology Tamil Nadu Erode638012 India Department of Physics Faculty of Science Taibah University Yanbu46423 Saudi Arabia Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology International Research Centre Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600119 India Department of Physics College of Sciences Umm Al-Qura University Makkah24382 Saudi Arabia Advanced Materials Research Laboratory Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Tabuk Tabuk71491 Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry College of Science University of Bisha Bisha 61922 Saudi Arabia Pysics Department College of Science and Humanities Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj11942 Saudi Arabia Natural Composites Research Group Lab Department of Materials and Production Engineering The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangsue Bangkok10800 Thailand

The current situation necessitates advancements in renewable energy to serve as a viable alternative to traditional energy sources. The photovoltaic cells can entirely change the need for fossil fuels since they can transform light energy into electrical energy. The reflection loss in photovoltaic cells is a contributing factor to reduced power conversion efficiency that could be mitigated by using antireflective coatings on the surface of the solar cells. This study examines the deposition of zinc stannate (ZnSnO3) as an efficient antireflective material to improve light capturing capability and it is synthesized by sol-gel method. The electro spraying method was employed to deposit the ZnSnO3 layers on photovoltaic cells. The ZnSnO3 AR material was uniformly distributed on the solar substrate at 2 ml/h for 1 h (Z1), 2 h (Z2), 3 h (Z3) and 4 h (Z4) respectively. The impact of ZnSnO3 ARC on the structural, electrical, absorbance, reflectance characteristics and temperature variation in monocrystalline silicon (m-Si) solar cells was examined. The optical properties were determined by UV–visible spectroscopy technique. At a wavelength (300–800 nm), the ZnSnO3 coated for 3 h (Z3 specimen) exhibited highest absorbance of 92.65 % and the lowest electrical resistivity of 3.69 × 10−3 Ω-cm. When compared with bare and various ZnSnO3 coated cells, Z3 specimen showed a significant impact on solar cell efficiency. In direct solar radiation and stimulated light, the Z3 specimen achieved the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.16 % and 25.11 %. The findings indicated that ZnSnO3 could be a suitable AR coating material for reducing incoming photon reflection. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Antireflection coatings

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Use of Finite Element Method Software to Assess the Safety of a Newly Designed Electric Motorcycle Frame

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Sensors and materials 2024年第3期36卷 1163-1177页

作者： Dai, Hong-Mei Chen, Bo-Hao Hsu, Chao-Ming Lin, Chiang-Lung Tseng, Hsien-Wei Yang, Cheng-Fu College of Art Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University Shanghai201514 China Department of Mechanical Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung807 Taiwan Dongguan University of Technology Guangdong-Taiwan College Industrial Science & Technology Guangdong523419 China College of Artificial Intelligence Yango University Fujian Fuzhou350015 China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering National University of Kaohsiung Kaohsiung811 Taiwan Department of Aeronautical Engineering Chaoyang University of Technology Taichung413 Taiwan

Two distinct approaches are available for scrutinizing the impact of diverse loads and the full-load capacity, modal characteristics, and fatigue life of an electric motorcycle frame. The initial method entails affixing stress sensors directly to the frame, whereas the second method leverages finite element method (FEM) software to conduct simulations. In this particular study, the simulation approach was adopted, and in this paper, the feasibility of establishing an analytical system for assessing an electric motorcycle frame was determined through the utilization of FEM software tools such as Visual Basic (VB) and ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). Through the use of simulation analysis, we aimed to explore potential structural defects and provide directions for potential modifications, ultimately obtaining an electric motorcycle frame design that complies with regulations and exhibits improved performance. We first utilized computer-aided design software to create the motorcycle frame and generate a geometric model. Following this, FEM analyses were conducted to evaluate a prototype of the innovative electric motorcycle frame design. These analyses encompassed modes of force transmission in left and right bending moments, front and rear torques, and the results of postcollision deformation of the electric motorcycle frame. These analyses were carried out under specific conditions stipulated by the Vehicle Testing Center, covering a range of load conditions with various degrees of deformation and strength. This allowed us to assess whether the frame structure complies with regulatory standards. © 2024 M Y U Scientific Publishing Division. All rights reserved.

关键词： Finite element method

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Molecular levers enable anomalously enhanced strength and toughness of cellulose nanocrystal at cryogenic temperature

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Nano Research 2023年第5期16卷 8036-8041页

作者： YuanZhen Hou Jun Xia ZeZhou He YinBo Zhu HengAn Wu CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

The quest for widespread applications especially in extreme environments accentuates the necessity to design materials with robust mechanical and thermodynamic *** all existing materials yield temperature-variant mechanical properties,essentially determined by their different atomic bonding *** general,weak non-covalent interactions are considered to diminish the structural anti-destabilization of covalent crystals despite the toughening ***,starting from multiscale theoretical modeling,we herein reveal an anomalous stabilizing effect in cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)by the cooperation between the non-covalent hydrogen bonds and covalent glucosidic skeleton,namely molecular levers(MLs).It is surprising to find that the hydrogen bonds in MLs behave like covalent bindings under cryogenic conditions,which provide anomalously enhanced strength and toughness for *** analyses demonstrate that the unique dynamical mechanical behaviors from ambient to deep cryogenic temperatures are synergetic results of the intrinsic temperature dependence veiled in MLs and the overall thermo-induced CNC destabilization/*** the consequence,the variation trend of mechanical strength exhibits a bilinear temperature dependence with~77 K as the turning *** underlying investigations not only establish the bottom–up interrelations from the hydrogen bonding thermodynamics to the crystal-scale mechanical properties,but also facilitate the potential application of cellulose-based materials at extremely low temperatures such as those in outer space.

关键词： cellulose nanocrystal molecular lever thermodynamic stability thermo-mechanical behavior cryogenic temperature

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Perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane with double proton site side chain for high-performance fuel cells at low humidity

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Journal of materials science & Technology 2023年第35期166卷 155-163页

作者： Hongyun Tan Shengqiu Zhao S.Eltahir Ali Shuhong Zheng Abdullah K.Alanazi Rui Wang Haining Zhang Hala M.Abo-Dief Ben Bin Xu Hassan Algadi Handong Li Priyanka Wasnik Zhanhu Guo Haolin Tang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Department of Science and Technology University College-RanyahTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Xianhu Hydrogen ValleyFoshan 528200China Integrated Composites Laboratory(ICL) Mechanical and Construction EngineeringNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE18STUK College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringNajran UniversityNajran11001Saudi Arabia

Structural optimization of ionomers is an effective strategy for achieving high-performance proton ex-change membranes(PEMs)under low relative humidity(RH)*** this study,sulfonimide group and trifluoromethanesulfonate acid(TFSA)ionic liquids were introduced to the perfluorosulfonic acid(PFSA)side chain,resulting in polymer membranes with varying chain lengths(i.e.,PFC_(2)-TF-SI,PFC_(4)-TF-SI,and PFC_(5)-TF-SI).This dual proton-conducting structure extended the length of the hydrophilic side chain and enhanced the hydrophobic-hydrophilic phase separation,aiding in the formation of proton transport ***,the proton conductivity of PFC_(5)-TF-SI and PFC_(2)-TF-SI membranes reached 7.1 and 10.6 mS/cm at 30%RH and 80℃,respectively,which were approximately 29.1%and 92.7%higher than that of the pristine PFC_(5)-SA membrane(5.5 mS/cm).Furthermore,the maximum power density of the PFC_(5)-TF-SI and PFC_(2)-TF-SI membranes from the built single fuel cell achieved 649 and 763 mW/cm^(2) at 30%RH and 80℃,respectively,which were higher than that of the pristine PFC_(5)-SA membrane(567 mW/cm^(2))by about 14.5%and 34.6%,***,this study provides a strategy for PEM design under low RH conditions.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane Structural design Dual proton conduction Hydrophilic channel Proton conductivity Fuel cells

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Accelerating self-consistent field iterations in Kohn-Sham density functional theory using a low-rank approximation of the dielectric matrix

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Physical Review B 2023年第12期107卷 125133-125133页

作者： Sambit Das Vikram Gavini Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA

We present an efficient preconditioning technique for accelerating the fixed-point iteration in real-space Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The preconditioner uses a low-rank approximation of the dielectric matrix (LRDM) based on Gâteaux derivatives of the residual of fixed-point iteration along appropriately chosen direction functions. We develop a computationally efficient method to evaluate these Gâteaux derivatives in conjunction with the Chebyshev filtered subspace iteration procedure, an approach widely used in large-scale Kohn-Sham DFT calculations. Further, we propose a variant of LRDM preconditioner based on adaptive accumulation of low-rank approximations from previous self-consistent field iterations, and also extend the LRDM preconditioner to spin-polarized Kohn-Sham DFT calculations. We demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the LRDM preconditioner against other widely used preconditioners on a range of benchmark systems with sizes ranging from ∼100 to 1100 atoms (∼500–20 000 electrons). The benchmark systems include various combinations of metal-insulating-semiconducting heterogeneous material systems, nanoparticles with localized d orbitals near the Fermi energy, nanofilm with metal dopants, and magnetic systems. In all benchmark systems, the LRDM preconditioner converges robustly within 20–30 iterations. In contrast, other widely used preconditioners show slow convergence in many cases, as well as divergence of the fixed-point iteration in some cases. Finally, we demonstrate the computational efficiency afforded by the LRDM method, with up to 3.4-fold reduction in computational cost for the total ground-state calculation compared to other preconditioners.

关键词： Electronic structure First-principles calculations Density functional theory

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Efficacy of Fleurya aestuans on Mild Steel Protection in Acidic Systems: Combined Gravimetry, Gasometry, and Electrochemical Evaluations

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Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion 2024年第2期10卷 1-15页

作者： Obike, Anthony I. Udorji, Franklin I. Ekerenam, Okpo O. Emori, Wilfred Onyeije, Ugomma C. Onyedinma, Ukaogo P. Okonkwo, Paul C. Ikeuba, Alexander I. Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Abia State University Uturu Nigeria Department of Biochemistry School of Pure & ampApplied Sciences Federal University of Technology Ikot Abasi Nigeria School of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Sichuan Zigong643000 China Key Laboratory of Material Corrosion and Protection of Sichuan Province Sichuan Zigong643000 China Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Dhofar University Salalah Oman Materials Chemistry Research Group Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

The anticorrosion studies of Fleurya aestuans extract on mild steel in acidic media was carried out in 2 M HCl and 1 M H2SO4 using gasometric, gravimetric, and electrochemical techniques at room temperature and at elevated temperatures (303 and 323 K). In all test settings, the inhibitory effectiveness changed in direct proportion to the extract concentration and in inverse proportion to the exposure duration and temperature. The anticorrosion potential of the extract is attributed to the adsorption of its phytoconstituents on the metal surface, blocking the active corrosion sites on mild steel. The adsorption mechanism conformed to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherm models with the best fits recorded for the Langmuir model (R2 of 0.9777 and 0.9850 in HCl and H2SO4, respectively). The calculated thermodynamic parameters, namely Gibbs free energy (∆Goads), activation energy (Ea), and heat of adsorption (Qads) all favored a spontaneous and exothermic physical adsorption reaction mechanism of the extract. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments revealed that the extract displayed mixed-type corrosion suppression ability and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) evaluations showed increasing charge transfer resistance with increasing extract concentration. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy examinations disclosed the presence of a protective covering on the surface of mild steel coupons in the acid solutions containing F. aestuans extract. The outcomes of the several tests show strong correlations with one another. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Adsorption

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ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION OF CARBON NANOTUBES: TOWARDS ROLL-TO-ROLL MANUFACTURING AND NOVEL MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITE SENSORS 23

ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION OF CARBON NANOTUBES: TOWARDS ROLL...

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23rd International Conference on Composite materials, ICCM 2023

作者： Sung, Dae Han Chaudhari, Amit Doshi, Sagar M. Thostenson, Erik T. Center for Composite Materials University of Delaware NewarkDE United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Delaware NewarkDE United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Delaware NewarkDE United States

This research focuses on the utilization of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) as an innovative technique for integrating nanostructured films into fiber-based composites, resulting in the creation of multiscale smart textiles. The use of an aqueous dispersion system in EPD offers the potential for large-scale manufacturing, thanks to its advantageous features such as room temperature processing, absence of harsh chemicals, and flexibility in selecting substrate fabrics. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that were functionalized with a cationic polymer were deposited onto various fabrics to assess their multifunctionality as piezo-resistive sensors for detecting human motion. By controlling EPD processing parameters like electric field and deposition time, the morphology of the CNT coatings on non-conductive fabrics could be customized due to the unique film formation mechanism. When incorporated into stretchable wearable woven fabrics, the CNTs formed a nanostructured conductive network, resulting in exceptional sensitivity for detecting arm bending and inhale/exhale motion. The resistance change observed reached up to 3000%. Furthermore, a laboratory-scale roll-to-roll pilot line was developed, enabling continuous fabrication of multifunctional textiles and industrialization of smart composites. The outcomes of this research demonstrate the significant potential of EPD-processed CNT-based resistive sensors in motion detection, robotics, and clinical device applications, particularly when combined with large-scale manufacturing capabilities. © 2023 International Committee on Composite materials. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Evaluation of Information Content in 2D and 3D Microstructural Characterization of Brush Particle-Based Hybrid materials 22

Evaluation of Information Content in 2D and 3D Microstructur...

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IS and T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2024: 22nd Computational Imaging, COIMG 2024

作者： Abdullah, Ayesha Ferguson, Kevin Drummy, Lawrence Kara, Levent Burak Bockstaller, Michael R. Carnegie Mellon University Department of Materials Science & Engineering PittsburghPA United States Carnegie Mellon University Department of Mechanical Engineering PittsburghPA United States Air Force Research Laboratory FairbornOH United States

In the field of polymers, 2D images are often used to discern information about the microstructure of bulk polymer materials. For brush particle assembly structures, this work evaluates microstructure information retrieved from different material characterization techniques for thin film (i.e., electron imaging of brush particle monolayers) and bulk materials (small angle X-ray scattering), respectively. The effect of confinement of polymer chains into thin (2D) films on the conformation of tethered chains is discussed and used to rationalize systematic discrepancies between characteristic nanoparticle spacings in thin films and bulk materials. An approach to rationalize bulk material properties based on thin film measurements is presented. © 2024, Society for Imaging science and Technology.

关键词： Microstructure

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