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Measuring Topological Constraint Relaxation in Ring-Linear Polymer Blends

Physical Review Letters 2024年第11期133卷 118101页

作者： Daniel L. Vigil Ting Ge Michael Rubinstein Thomas C. O’Connor Gary S. Grest Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science World Premier International Research Center Initiative–Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Department of Materials Science and Engineering

Polymers are an effective test bed for studying topological constraints in condensed matter due to a wide array of synthetically available chain topologies. When linear and ring polymers are blended together, emergent rheological properties are observed as the blend can be more viscous than either of the individual components. This emergent behavior arises since ring-linear blends can form long-lived topological constraints as the linear polymers thread the ring polymers. Here, we demonstrate how the Gauss linking integral can be used to efficiently evaluate the relaxation of topological constraints in ring-linear polymer blends. For majority-linear blends, the relaxation rate of topological constraints depends primarily on reptation of the linear polymers, resulting in the diffusive time τd,R for rings of length NR blended with linear chains of length Nl to scale as τd,R∼NR2NL3.4.

关键词： Polymer entanglement Polymer knots Reptation Molecular dynamics

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INTERLAYER-ASSISTED FRICTION WELDING: A SOLUTION FOR JOINING INCOMPATIBLE materials

INTERLAYER-ASSISTED FRICTION WELDING: A SOLUTION FOR JOINING...

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ASME 2024 International mechanical engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2024

作者： Cheepu, Muralimohan Shanmugam, Ragavanantham Kantumuchu, Venkata Charan Department of Materials System Engineering Pukyong National University Busan Korea Republic of Department of Engineering Technology College of Science and Technology Fairmont State University WV United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Bradley University IL United States Electrex Inc. HutchinsonKS United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791888605

Diverse industrial applications often necessitate the combination of dissimilar materials due to their unique physical *** some materials exhibit favorable weldability, others present challenges due to their incompatibility for *** welding methods frequently struggle to join such dissimilar materials owing to differences in melting points and elemental reactions at elevated *** applying various precautions to obtain suitable joints, these methods often fall ***, conventional fusion welding techniques face limitations regarding the thickness of materials and design *** address the welding of complex designs or incompatible materials, alternative welding methods are needed alongside traditional *** study focuses on the intricate joining of dissimilar materials, specifically titanium and stainless steel, which are often used in high-temperature ***, known for its reactivity and tendency to oxidize at high temperatures, poses distinct challenges during welding due to its significantly different melting point compared to stainless *** welding techniques like arc and laser welding are inadequate for joining these materials because they lead to the formation of brittle FeTi and CrTi-based intermetallic ***, friction welding emerges as a promising *** welding produces joints that meet required performance standards while minimizing the formation of deleterious intermetallic *** fusion welding methods, friction welding keeps the maximum temperature during the process below the melting points of the substrates, reducing the likelihood of intermetallic compound formation or secondary precipitates along the ***, achieving joints with enhanced strength and reliability presents significant hurdles due to the formation of FeTi and CrTi-based intermetallic compounds at the weld interface, especially when joi

关键词： Friction welding

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Ultra‑Stable Sodium‑Ion Battery Enabled by All‑Solid‑State Ferroelectric‑Engineered Composite Electrolytes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第11期16卷 704-717页

作者： Yumei Wang Zhongting Wang Xiaoyu Xu Sam Jin An Oh Jianguo Sun Feng Zheng Xiao Lu Chaohe Xu Binggong Yan Guangsheng Huang Li Lu College of Aerospace Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044People’s Republic of China National University of Singapore(Chongqing)Research Institute Chongqing 401123People’s Republic of China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044People’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117575Singapore Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Energy Manufacturing Xiamen Key Laboratory of Digital Vision MeasurementHuaqiao UniversityXiamen 361021People’s Republic of China

Symmetric Na-ion cells using the NASICON-structured electrodes could simplify the manufacturing process,reduce the cost,facilitate the recycling post-process,and thus attractive in the field of large-scale stationary energy ***,the long-term cycling performance of such batteries is usually *** investigation reveals the unavoidable side reactions between the NASICON-type Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)anode and the commercial liquid electrolyte,leading to serious capacity fading in the symmetric NVP//NVP *** resolve this issue,an all-solid-state composite electrolyte is used to replace the liquid electrolyte so that to overcome the side reaction and achieve high anode/electrolyte interfacial *** ferroelectric engineering could further improve the interfacial ion conduction,effectively reducing the electrode/electrolyte interfacial *** NVP//NVP cell using the ferroelectric-engineered composite electrolyte can achieve a capacity retention of 86.4%after 650 ***,the electrolyte can also be used to match the Prussianblue cathode NaxFeyFe(CN)_(6−z)·nH_(2)O(NFFCN).Outstanding long-term cycling stability has been obtained in the all-solid-state NVP//NFFCN cell over 9000 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g^(-1),with a fading rate as low as 0.005%per cycle.

关键词： Sodium-ion battery NVP anode All-solid-state Cyclic stability Ferroelectric

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Machine learning aided High dynamic range 3D measurements of surface topography during LPBF additive manufacturing with in-situ Fringe projection profilometry topography

Machine learning aided High dynamic range 3D measurements of...

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2022 ASPE and euspen Summer Topical Meeting on Advancing Precision in Additive Manufacturing

作者： Zhang, Haolin Vallabh, Chaitanya Krishna Prasad Xu, Sizhe Zhao, Xiayun Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781713859192

Fringe Projection Profilometry (FPP) is a costeffective and non-destructive technology, typically used for measuring finer features and reconstructing 3D topography of objects. However, to use the FPP method for measuring the dynamic topography of powder bed and printed layer during Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) based additive manufacturing (AM) process, unique challenges exist due to the indistinguishable regions, caused by shadows and the light saturation due to the specular reflectance of the sintered and un-sintered powder. In this work, we aim to enhance the discemability and accuracy of FPP in the specific application scenario of measuring surface topography during LPBF process by integrating our recently developed LPBF-specific FPP with an equipment-based High dynamic range (HDR) method and a convolutional neural network (CNN) based machine learning (ML) framework. First, a projector based HDR method is applied to ease the shadow and intensity saturation problems by projecting varying intensities of sinusoidal fringes. Secondly, a machine learning framework is developed to further reduce the impacts of intensity saturation and phase error during the measurements, by training and testing a CNN using the in-situ FPP measurement data and ex-situ optical profilometry characterization data. The proposed method is expected to measure the surface topography of the printed layers more capably, thus advancing the existing state-of-the-art methods towards the desired online inspection of LPBF print parts via in-situ FPP. Copyright© (2022) by American Society for Precision engineering (ASPE) All rights reserved.

关键词： Surface topography

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Interpretation of possible biogas production capacity by investigating the effects of anaerobic digester tank geometry and angular velocity on flow characteristics

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Environmental science and Pollution Research 2024年第50期31卷 60220-60234页

作者： Celik, Ahmet Fırat Elibol, Emre Askin Turgut, Oguz Senol, Halil Sillanpää, Mika Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences Gazi University Ankara Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Giresun University Giresun Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Gazi University Ankara Turkey Department of Energy Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Giresun University Giresun Turkey Functional Materials Group Gulf University for Science and Technology Mubarak Al-Abdullah32093 Kuwait Adnan Kassar School of Business Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon Centre of Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Rajpura-140401 Punjab India Division of Research & amp Development Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India Department of Chemical Engineering School of Mining Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering University of Johannesburg P. O. Box 17011 Doornfontein2028 South Africa Department of Civil Engineering University Centre for Research & ampDevelopment Chandigarh University Punjab Gharuan Mohali India Sustainability Cluster School of Advanced Engineering UPES Bidholi Uttarakhand Dehradun248007 India

Mixing performance in reactors producing biogas through anaerobic digestion is one of the parameters that directly affect biogas yield. The most commonly used mixing model for bioreactors in biogas-production processes is mechanical mixing. In the present study, we focus on the geometry of the tank, where the mechanical mixing actually takes place. In this context, by using the six-blade standard Rushton impeller in two different types of tank, flow patterns involving velocity, dead zone volume, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulent eddy dissipation rate in the angular velocity range of 25–100 rpm were observed, and the possible effects of the results on biogas production were interpreted. A new impeller design was proposed that maximizes the interface between the fluid inside the reactor tank and the impeller, which has the potential to reduce the dead zone volume to significantly lower levels. Our results showed that the lowest dead zone volume was achieved for a 60° slope reactor tank compared to the conventional 90° slope reactor tank at an angular velocity of 100 rpm. The dead zone volume decreased to 0.000094 m3 at 100 rpm in the 60° slope reactor tank with a total volume of 0.0305 m3, which by comparison was 0.000374 m3 in the 90° slope reactor tank. The magnitudes of both maximum turbulent kinetic energy and maximum turbulent eddy dissipation were higher in the 60° slope reactor tank at all angular velocities examined, which would be expected to enhance mixing performance. It is hoped that the reader will benefit from the results of this study;however, further studies should be conducted on the use of actual biowaste as the working fluid instead of water. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Angular velocity

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Revolutionizing Industry 5.0: Harnessing the Power of Digital Human Modelling

Revolutionizing Industry 5.0: Harnessing the Power of Digita...

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International Symposium for Production Research, ISPR 2023

作者： Donmezer, Semih Demircioglu, Pinar Bogrekci, Ismail Bas, Gokcen Durakbasa, M. Numan Institute of Production Engineering and Photonic Technologies Vienna University of Technology Vienna1060 Austria Institute of Materials Science TUM School of Engineering and Design Technical University of Munich Garching85748 Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Aydin Adnan Menderes University Aydin09100 Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9783031539909

Industry 5.0 signifies a significant transformation in the manufacturing sector, propelled by the convergence of advanced technologies and the incorporation of human-centric principles. This work explores the transformative potential of Digital Human Modelling (DHM) in revolutionizing Industry 5.0 across various sectors, including manufacturing, textiles, robotics, and energy. The manufacturing sector stands to benefit significantly from the application of DHM, as it enables enhanced design and optimization of production processes while considering human factors and ergonomics. DHM facilitates the development of human-centered smart factories, enabling efficient operations and improved safety management. In the textile sector, DHM offers opportunities to enhance the design of ergonomic workstations, optimize worker comfort, and improve overall productivity. In the area of robotics, DHM plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and well-being of workers. It enables the evaluation and optimization of human-robot interactions. DHM enables the design of collaborative work environments, where robots and humans can work together. In the energy sector, DHM contributes to the optimization of energy consumption, reducing carbon footprints, and promoting sustainable practices. By harnessing the power of DHM in these sectors, Industry 5.0 can achieve remarkable advancements in terms of efficiency, safety, productivity, and sustainability. This paper highlights the potential of DHM to reshape the manufacturing sector and its applications across textiles, robotics, and energy. The insights and findings presented here serve as a guide for researchers and practitioners aiming to unlock the full potential of DHM in driving the success of Industry 5.0. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Textiles

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New muonic He atom HFS measurements at J-PARC MUSE

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Interactions 2024年第1期245卷 1-6页

作者： Goto, Yu Fukumura, Seiso Strasser, Patrick Ino, Takashi Iwai, Ryoto Kanda, Sohtaro Kawamura, Shiori Kitaguchi, Masaaki Nishimura, Shoichiro Oku, Takayuki Okudaira, Takuya Shimizu, Hirohiko M. Shimomura, Koichiro Tada, Hiroki Torii, Hiroyuki A. Department of Physics Nagoya University Nagoya Japan Tsukuba Japan Materials and Life Science Division J-PARC Center Tokai Japan Materials Structure Science Program Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Tsukuba Japan Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute Nagoya University Nagoya Japan Tokai Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ibaraki University Mito Japan School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

Muonic He (μHe) is a hydrogen-like atom composed of a helium atom with one of its electrons replaced by a negative muon. Measurements of the ground-state hyperfine structure (HFS) interval of the μHe atom is a sensitive tool to test the three-body atomic system, bound-state quantum electrodynamics (QED) theory, and determine fundamental constants of the negative muon magnetic moment and mass. It allows a test of the CPT theorem in muons by comparing these constants with positive muons. Precise measurements of the ground-state HFS interval using a microwave magnetic resonance technique are now in progress at J-PARC by the MuSEUM collaboration. Furthermore, a new experimental approach to recover the muon polarization lost during the muon cascade process is being investigated by repolarizing μHe atoms using a spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) technique. The first laser repolarization experiment was recently performed. An overview of the different features of these new μHe atom HFS measurements and the latest results are presented. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Atoms

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Creating semi-Quanta multi-layer synthetic CNT images using CycleGAN

Creating semi-Quanta multi-layer synthetic CNT images using ...

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2023 IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop, AIPR 2023

作者： Safavigerdini, Kaveh Surya, Ramakrishna Reinhard, Andrew Quinlan, Zach Bunyak, Filiz Maschmann, Matthew R. Palaniappan, Kannappan University of Missouri Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ColumbiaMo United States University of Missouri Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering ColumbiaMo United States University of Missouri MU Materials Science and Engineering Institute ColumbiaMo United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350359527

We address the challenge of creating semi-Quanta images of vertically-oriented carbon nanotubes (CNT). Our previous method, CNTNeXt, successfully predicted the mechanical properties for semi-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of CNT forests. However, for Quanta images, a more sophisticated approach is required. We propose a novel pipeline that modifies multi-layer synthetic (MLS) CNT images, which are synthetic representations of CNT structures, to resemble Quanta images. This is achieved using CycleGAN, a deep learning model designed for image-To-image translation tasks, which can learn mappings between two different domains without paired training data. By training the CycleGAN on both Quanta and MLS images, we are able to transfer the texture of Quanta images to the MLS images. The resulting 'semi-Quanta' images are ready to train CNTNeXt, which effectively predicts the mechanical properties, including buckling load and stiffness of synthetic MLS images. Our method represents an advancement towards our ultimate goal of creating an automated CNT growth process, and opens up possibilities for further improvements and applications. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Revealing the atomic mechanism of diamond–iron interfacial reaction

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 255-263页

作者： Yalun Ku Kun Xu Longbin Yan Kuikui Zhang Dongsheng Song Xing Li Shunfang Li Shaobo Cheng Chongxin Shan Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of EducationInstitutes of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhouChina

Diamond,with ultrahigh hardness,high wear resistance,high thermal conductivity,and so forth,has attracted worldwide ***,researchers found emergent reactions at the interfaces between diamond and ferrous materials,which significantly affects the performance of diamond-based ***,combing experiments and theoretical calculations,taking diamond–iron(Fe)interface as a prototype,the counter-diffusion mechanism of Fe/carbon atoms has been ***,it is identified that Fe and diamond first form a coherent interface,and then Fe atoms diffuse into diamond and prefer the carbon vacancies ***,the relaxed carbon atoms diffuse into the Fe lattice,forming Fe_(3)***,graphite is observed at the Fe_(3)C surface when Fe_(3)C is over-saturated by carbon *** present findings are expected to offer new insights into the atomic mechanism for diamondferrous material's interfacial reactions,benefiting diamond-based device applications.

关键词： coherent interface counter-diffusion diamond iron phase transition

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Creation of three-dimensional composite architectures via high-intensity focused ultrasound inside of foams

RSC Applied Polymers

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RSC Applied Polymers 2024年第4期2卷 692-700页

作者： Lee, Chang-Uk Cui, Jianxun Tewani, Hridyesh R. Prabhakar, Pavana Boydston, Andrew J. Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin Madison 53706 WI United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison 53706 WI United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison 53706 WI United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison 53706 WI United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison 53706 WI United States

Free-form creation of 3-dimensional (3D) structures, such as in additive manufacturing (AM) and 3D printing (3DP), typically requires a direct line-of-sight or physical contact between an energy source and a build material. By stepping away from this equipment paradigm, we discovered a method to achieve 3D composites inside of opaque, open-cell foams that enables unprecedented access to bicontinuous, interlocked composite structures. We found that high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) provided efficient, localized heating at a focal point that could be spatially controlled within a foam matrix. Foam specimens were infused with thermally curable acrylate resin formulations, which enabled free-form creation of 3D structures as the HIFU focal point was moved throughout the interior of the foam. The 3D structure was created entirely based upon the toolpath, without any build plate or inherently sequenced layer-by-layer processes. Since the foam and cured resin were mechanically interlocked in the process, HIFU curing achieved bicontinuous composites seemingly independent of surface compatibilities between the foam and resin. Starting with commercially available polyurethane foams, we investigated combinations with different resin systems to achieve a range of mechanical properties from the final composite structures. For example, using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) resulted in stiff, hard composite domains within the foam, whereas resins comprising 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) led to soft, elastomeric composite structures. Multimaterial composites were also achieved, simply by displacing uncured resin from the foam and exchanging it with a different resin formulation. Control over the shape and orientation of internal structural features within the foam scaffolds also enabled controllable anisotropic mechanical responses from the composites. © 2024 RSC.

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