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Research Square 2025年

作者： Deepthi, K. Sudha Tandel, Kartik S. Patange, Siva Subba Rao Rammohan, B. Babu, Kamal P. Kumar, Nikhil C. Department of Mechanical Engineering Dayananda Sagar University Harohalli Karnataka Bangalore562 112 India Department of Aerospace Engineering Dayananda Sagar University Harohalli Karnataka Bangalore562 112 India Structural Technologies Division CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories Karnataka Bangalore560017 India School of Computer Science and Engineering RV University Mysuru Road Karnataka Bangalore560059 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Dayananda Sagar University Harohalli Karnataka Bangalore562112 India Materials Science Division CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories Karnataka Bangalore560017 India

Composites made from natural fibers have drawn much interest because of their sustainability, lightweight qualities, and capacity to replace synthetic materials in a variety of engineering applications. Nevertheless, their mechanical behavior is still complicated, and precise performance assessment calls for sophisticated characterization methods. This work presents unique approaches to full-field strain and displacement. investigation of natural fiber composites mechanically employing Digital Image Correlation (DIC), a non-contact optical measurement method. The study’s use of DIC allows for the accurate capture of deformation patterns under various loading scenarios, facilitating a thorough knowledge of the fiber-matrix interactions, failure causes, and structural integrity of the composite. The experimental results are evaluated against standard methods, revealing that DIC allows a more complete and accurate evaluation of natural fiber composites’ mechanical properties. This work contributes to the wider use of natural fiber composites in sectors such as construction, automotive, and aerospace by highlighting the potential of digital image correlation (DIC) to improve material testing precision and by suggesting new approaches for optimizing natural fiber composite design. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Tensile testing

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Understanding phonon selection and interference in momentum-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Pfeifer, Thomas W. Walker, Harrison A. Aller, Henry Graham, Samuel Pantelides, Sokrates Hachtel, Jordan A. Hopkins, Patrick E. Hoglund, Eric R. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22920 United States Department of Interdisciplinary Materials Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37830 United States Department of Physics University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22920 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22920 United States

As momentum-resolved Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (q-EELS) becomes more widely used for phonon measurements, better understanding of the intricacies of the acquired signal becomes necessary. Selection rules limit the allowed scattering directions, which may prohibit the appearance of specific phonon branches, and features may appear with no clear explanation. To explore both, we perform frequency-resolved q-EELS simulations via the multislice method and compare results to Spectral Energy Density (SED) and Lattice Dynamics (LD) calculations. We discuss common misconceptions of phonon behavior and characterization generally and in the context of measured or simulated q-EELS signals. We highlight the presence of an "interferometric Brillouin zone" (closely related to the Dynamic Structure Factor), resulting from the simultaneous sampling of the lattice across each basis index. We also demonstrate the scattering selection rules on well-studied systems and explore the acquisition of a polarization-selective signal based on this phenomena. Finally, we identify thickness-dependent sensitivity effects, where the upper surface of a film is sampled at a disproportionate level. We show that this can yield sensitivity to through-plane vibrational modes, which may be measured experimentally assuming sufficient sensitivity can be achieved. Our work should serve as a road map to guide momentum-resolved vibrational EELS measurements in the future, particularly as ever-increasing energy and momentum resolution becomes available. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Electron energy loss spectroscopy

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Fabrication and development of mechanical metamaterials via additive manufacturing for biomedical applications:a review

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2025年第1期7卷 1-44页

作者： Junsheng Chen Jibing Chen Hongze Wang Liang He Boyang Huang Sasan Dadbakhsh Paulo Bartolo School of Mechanical Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan 420023People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science&Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065People’s Republic of China Med+X Center for Manufacturing West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041People’s Republic of China Singapore Centre for 3D Printing Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Department of Production Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 11428Sweden

In this review,we propose a comprehensive overview of additive manufacturing(AM)technologies and design possibilities in manufacturing metamaterials for various applications in the biomedical field,of which many are inspired by nature *** describes how new AM technologies(*** liquid interface production and multiphoton polymerization,etc)and recent developments in more mature AM technologies(*** bed fusion,stereolithography,and extrusion-based bioprinting(EBB),etc)lead to more precise,efficient,and personalized biomedical *** is a revolutionary topic creating intricate models with remarkable mechanical compatibility of metamaterials,for instance,stress elimination for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,negative or zero Poisson’s *** exploiting the designs of porous structures(***,triply periodic minimal surface,plant/animal-inspired,and functionally graded lattices,etc),AM-made bioactive bone implants,artificial tissues,and organs are made for tissue *** material palette of the AM metamaterials has high diversity nowadays,ranging from alloys and metals(***-chromium alloys and titanium,etc)to polymers(*** polycaprolactone and polymethyl methacrylate,etc),which could be even integrated within bioactive *** advancements are driving the progress of the biomedical field,improving human health and quality of life.

关键词： biomedical application additive manufacturing mechanical metamaterials biomimetic materials

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From High-Entropy Alloys to Alloys with High Entropy: A New Paradigm in materials science and engineering for Advancing Sustainable Metallurgy

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Torralba, Jose Manuel Meza, Alberto Sivagnana, Venkatesh Mostafaei, Amir Mohammadzadeh, Ahad Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Av. Universidad 30 Leganés28911 Spain Imdea Materials Institute Calle Eric Kandel 2 Getafe Madrid28906 Spain Department of Mechanical Materials and Aerospace Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology 10 W 32nd Street ChicagoIL60616 United States Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Maragheh P.O. Box 83111 Maragheh55181 Iran

The development of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) has marked a paradigm shift in alloy design, moving away from traditional methods that prioritize a dominant base metal enhanced by minor elements. HEAs instead incorporate multiple alloying elements with no single dominant component, broadening the scope of alloy design. This shift has led to the creation of diverse alloys with high entropy (AHEs) families, including high-entropy steels, superalloys, and intermetallics, each highlighting the need to consider additional factors such as stacking fault energy (SFE), lattice misfit, and anti-phase boundary energy (APBE) due to their significant influence on microstructure and performance. Leveraging multiple elements in alloying opens up promising possibilities for developing new alloys from multi-component scrap and electronic waste, reducing reliance on critical metals and emphasizing the need for advanced data generation techniques. With the vast possibilities offered by these multi-component feedstocks, modelling and Artificial Intelligence based tools are essential to efficiently explore and optimize new alloys, supporting sustainable progress in metallurgy. These advancements call for a reimagined alloy design framework, emphasizing robust data acquisition, alternative design parameters, and advanced computational tools over traditional composition-focused methodologies. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Intermetallics

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Green synthesis of ZnO-red betel nanocomposites (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) and their antibacterial activity

Green synthesis of ZnO-red betel nanocomposites (Piper croca...

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2024 International Conference on Physics and Technology of Advanced materials, ICPTAM 2024

作者： Muflihah, Salma Aridha Aimon, Akfiny Hasdi Wibowo, Arie Surtiyeni, Neni Abdullah, Mikrajuddin Yuliantoro, Muhammad Ilham Gusti Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung40132 Indonesia Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials National Research and Innovation Agency Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40132 Indonesia Materials Science and Engineering Research Group Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40132 Indonesia Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institut Teknologi Bandung West Java Bandung40132 Indonesia

Antibacterial resistance has been a major global health problem, requiring the development of alternative antimicrobial agents. This research studied the synthesis and properties of zinc oxide (ZnO)-red betel nanocomposites, mainly focused on its antibacterial properties. ZnO, known for its antimicrobial efficacy, is combined with red betel leaves that rich of bioactive compounds to enhance antibacterial activity against resistant bacterial strains. The goal is to create a sustainable and effective antimicrobial agent that maximize the synergistic effects of ZnO nanoparticles and compounds in red betel leaves. Characterization techniques including XRD and SEM were employed to confirm the structural and morphological properties of the nanocomposites. Antibacterial assays demonstrated significant activity against S. aureus and E. coli, suggesting the potential of these nanocomposites as innovative solution in the fight against antibacterial resistance. This work contributes to the growing field of nanotechnology-driven solutions for healthcare, highlighting a promising approach to address one of the most pressing issues in modern medicine. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： ZnO nanoparticles

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Elucidating the effect of cyclic closed-die forging technique on the electrochemical behavior of cost-effective Fe50−2xMn30Co10Cr10NixCux (x = 0, 5 at%) high-entropy alloys

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Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and engineering Aspects 2025年 721卷

作者： Naseri, Majid Imantalab, Omid Pratskova, Svetlana Gholami, Davood Mikhailov, Dmitry Efimova, Milena Shaburova, Nataliya Lin, Yong-Cheng Mourad, Abdel-Hamid I. Trofimov, Evgeny South Ural State University 76 Lenin Av. Chelyabinsk454080 Russia Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering Malayer University Malayer Iran Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry Chelyabinsk State University 129 Bratiev Kashirinykh St. Chelyabinsk454001 Russia School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Central South University Changsha410083 China Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department College of Engineering United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain15551 United Arab Emirates National Water and Energy Center United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain15551 United Arab Emirates

This study offers valuable insight into the effect of the cyclic closed-die forging (CCDF) technique on the electrochemical behavior of cost-effective single face-centered cubic (FCC)-structured Fe50−2xMn30Co10Cr10NixCux (x = 0, 5 at%) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. Electrochemical experiments demonstrated that the high strains imposed during CCDF processing, along with the extremely fine grains, significantly improved the electrochemical performance of alloys. Additionally, the Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 alloy exhibited a lower corrosion current density value due to its more uniform distribution of equiaxed nanograins and the absence of Cu segregation phase. This, in turn, creates better conditions for the formation of passive films with superior protection behavior compared to the Fe40Mn30Co10Cr10Ni5Cu5 alloy. These findings open new avenues for the exploration of cost-effective nanostructured HEAs in electrochemical applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Forging

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Formation of Oxygen Vacancies in Cr³⁺-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanofibers and Their Role in Generating Paramagnetism

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Biomedical materials and Devices 2025年第1期3卷 529-544页

作者： Carrera, Karime Huerta, Verónica Orozco, Victor Matutes, José Urbieta, Ana Fernández, Paloma Martínez, Fabián Graeve, Olivia A. Herrera, Manuel Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México BC Ensenada C.P. 22800 Mexico Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados Chih. Chihuahua C.P. 31136 Mexico Departamento de Física de Materiales Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid C.P. 28040 Spain Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093-0411 CA United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093-0411 CA United States

We demonstrate that doping hydroxyapatite (HAp) with Cr3+ ions induces oxygen vacancies, contributing to paramagnetism. Cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence analyses reveal increased oxygen vacancy formation in O... 详细信息

We demonstrate that doping hydroxyapatite (HAp) with Cr³⁺ ions induces oxygen vacancies, contributing to paramagnetism. Cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence analyses reveal increased oxygen vacancy formation in OH- and PO43- groups with rising Cr³⁺ concentrations, highlighted by stronger cathodoluminescence emissions at 2.57 and 2.95 eV and the photoluminescence emission at 3.32 eV. Raman spectroscopy shows new modes at 900 and 970 cm⁻¹, indicating distortion of the v₁ vibrational mode due to Cr³⁺ substitution at Ca(II) sites of the HAp lattice. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms Cr³⁺ in the HAp:Cr. Magnetometry reveals a shift from diamagnetism in pure HAp to increasing paramagnetism in HAp:Cr with higher Cr³⁺ content, achieving 0.0460 emu/g at 10 kOe with concentrations higher than 2.9 at.%. This paramagnetism is attributed to Cr³⁺ ions and singly ionized oxygen vacancies VO′ aligning along an external magnetic field, with VO′ formation linked to PO43- replacement by PO32- in HAp. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Cathodoluminescence Cr3+ Hydroxyapatite Oxygen vacancies Paramagnetism

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Polarization switching in ferroelectric HfO2 from first-principles lattice mode analysis

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Physical Review B 2025年第13期111卷 134106-134106页

作者： Yubo Qi Sobhit Singh Karin M. Rabe Department of Physics University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama 35294 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA Materials Science Program University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers University Piscataway New Jersey 08854 USA

In this paper, we introduce a first-principles-based lattice mode analysis method to investigate the competition between different polarization switching paths in HfO2. Because the stability of the polar orthorhombic Pca21 phase of HfO2 arises from a trilinear coupling, polarization switching requires the flipping of not only the polar Γ15Z mode, but also at least one zone-boundary antipolar mode. This means that each polarization state has multiple variants, leading to multiple possible switching paths connecting up- and down-polarized states, which can be systemically enumerated within this framework for efficient identification of the optimal switching path. Our lattice mode analysis also explains why the activation energy of propagation of the most widely studied domain-wall structure in HfO2, which requires the reversal of the X2− mode, is much larger than that of propagation of domain-wall structures with a uniform sign for the X2− mode. This approach deepens our understanding of distinctive properties of ferroelectric HfO2 related to polarization switching and domain-wall motion, including sluggish domain-wall motion, robust ferroelectricity in thin films, and the observation that the antipolar Pbca phase can hardly be transformed to the ferroelectric Pca21 phase by an electric field. Our mode analysis method can be more generally applied to any improper or hybrid improper ferroelectric, in which polarization switching requires changes of nonpolar distortions, for systematic and efficient prediction of optimal switching paths and estimation of coercive fields.

关键词： Ferroelectricity

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Corrigendum to "Advances in developing cost-effective carbon fibers by coupling multiscale modeling and experiments: A critical review" [Prog. Mater. Sci. 146 (2024) 101329] (Progress in materials science (2024) 146, (S0079642524000987), (10.1016/***.2024.101329))

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Progress in materials science 2025年 152卷

作者： Zhu, Jiadeng Gao, Zan Mao, Qian Gao, Yawei Li, Ya Zhang, Xin Gao, Qiang Jiang, Mengjin Lee, Sungho van Duin, Adri C.T. Smart Devices Brewer Science Inc. SpringfieldMO65806 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States College of Textile Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou310018 China State Key Laboratory of Tribology Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou225002 China College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China Carbon Composite Materials Research Center Institute of Advanced Composite Materials Korea Institute of Science and Technology Jeonbuk Wanju-gun55324 Korea Republic of

The first author's affiliation in the above-mentioned article is partially incorrect. The correct affiliation is just "a Smart Devices, Brewer science Inc., Springfield, MO 65806, USA". The correct affiliation has been replaced as above. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

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Long-range order of polygonal grain boundaries

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Physical Review B 2025年第4期111卷 045103-045103页

作者： N. Sarkar P. R. Bandaru R. C. Dynes Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093-0411 USA Program in Materials Science University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093-0411 USA Department of Physics University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093-0411 USA

Atomic-scale spatial resolution was achieved in the mapping and spectroscopy of polygonal grain boundaries (GBs) on atomically flat highly oriented pyrolytic graphite using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). These GBs are long-range ordered one-dimensional periodic structures comprising pentagon-heptagon pairs. A comprehensive study combining local electronic, valleytronic, mechanical, and topological properties is conducted on this GB which reveals the interplay between these properties. On the atoms and bonds of individual GB polygons, spatially localized conductance states were probed, in addition to edge states. The spatial extent of these states was observed on GB by bias-dependent imaging. The electron scattering angle at the GB edges was also modulated with a sample bias which exhibited valley flipping and unique quantum interference effects such as backscattering and intervalley scattering. In situ strain-induced mechanical and electronic modifications were observed through surface deformation caused by the STM tip, revealing flattened electronic energy band dispersion and shifts in carrier doping.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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