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2005 International Conference on Wirelessand Optical Communications Networks

作者： Tapolcai, János Ho, Pin-Han Cinkler, Tibor Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Magyar Tudósok könitja 2 Budapest Hungary Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Ont. Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0780390199

This paper provides a compact mathematical formulation for shared protection in communication networks with bandwidth guaranteed tunnels. The formulation is characterized by taking the most general definition of the Shared Risk Group (SRG) with the complete routing information in the single failure scenario, which can facilitate solving the Shared Path Protection Problem on various network topologies and various graph models of networks. The general SRGs are essential for survivable routing in multi-layer grooming networks as well as in multi-domain networks. With the formulation, a general approach and a unified expression for solving the dynamic survivable routing problem can be developed. A case study is given at the end to verify the proposed formulation on a well studied special case, namely protecting against a single node or a single link failure. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless telecommunication systems

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Energy-efficient and scalable group key agreement for large ad hoc networks

Energy-efficient and scalable group key agreement for large ...

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PE-WASUN'05 - Second ACM International Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Wireless Ad Hoc, Sensor, and Ubiquitous Networks

作者： Teo, Joseph Chee Ming Tan, Chik How Information Communication Institute of Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore NISlab Department of Computer Science and Media Technology Gjøvik University College

ISBN: (纸本)1595931821

Wireless ad hoc networks are gaining popularity as these networks are self organizing without requiring fixed infrastructure such as servers or access points. Nodes in wireless ad hoc networks are typically low-power devices and in some large scale ad hoc networks such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs), there might be tens of thousands of low-power energy constrained nodes in the network. In order to secure group communication for a wireless ad hoc network, the low-power nature of the nodes and the network size has to be taken into consideration. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient and scalable group key agreement (GKA) scheme for wireless ad hoc networks, which uses a generalized circular hierarchical (C-H) group model, where the network is partitioned into subgroups at h different layers and each subgroup is arranged in a circle. Next, we describe the computational and communication energy analysis of a typical node found in ad hoc networks and provide some formulas that can be used to calculate the energy consumption costs for protocols implemented using different microprocessors and radio transceiver modules, A complexity analysis and energy consumption costs analysis conclude that our proposed scheme is the most energy-efficient and scalable GKA scheme as compared to three other GKA protocols. Copyright 2005 ACM.

关键词： Telecommunication networks

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Signals and Systems using MATLAB: an integrated suite of applications for exploring and teaching media signal processing

Signals and Systems using MATLAB: an integrated suite of app...

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference

作者： B.L. Sturm J.D. Gibson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Media Arts & Technology (MAT) University of California슠Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA

Effectively teaching introductory media signal processing (MSP) to students requires a means of communicating complex concepts without advanced mathematics. At the media arts and technology program at UCSB we are teaching graduate media arts students concepts of MSP. These students, while interested in learning how their digital tools work, have an incredibly tough time working through the material the way traditional engineering students do. To address this we have used MATLAB to build a comprehensive suite of exploratory demonstrations and applications tailored to illustrate sophisticated concepts, and to inspire students that may not possess a strong background in mathematics. Our application, "Signals and Systems using MATLAB" (SSUM), is presented here, and its use in a course designed to teach MSP to media arts students is discussed. Its usefulness extends beyond media arts to engineering and computer science curriculum. SSUM can be obtained for free from http://***/***

关键词： Signal processing MATLAB Art Application software Mathematics Digital signal processing engineering students computer science education Educational programs Signal processing algorithms

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A multiplication-accumulation computation unit with optimized compressors and minimized switching activities

A multiplication-accumulation computation unit with optimize...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems 2005, ISCAS 2005

作者： Chen, Li-Hsun Chen, Oscal T.-C. Wang, Teng-Yi Ma, Yung-Cheng Signal and Media Laboratories Department of Electrical Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chia-Yi 621 Taiwan Computer System Development Dept. Computer and Communications Research Labs. Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu 310 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780780388345

A low-power Multiplication-Accumulation Computation (MAC) unit using the radix-4 Booth algorithm is proposed in this work, by reducing its architectural complexity and minimizing the switching activities. However, to maintain a high performance, the critical delays and hardware complexities of MAC units are explored to derive at a MAC unit with a high performance and a low hardware complexity. In addition, a carry-save addition operation with optimized compressors is proposed to omit the use of half adders to further reduce the hardware complexity. Furthermore, the scheme to reduce the switching activity is proposed in this work to lower the power consumption of the proposed MAC unit. In performing a MAC for XY+Z, the effective dynamic ranges of X and Y are detected, the one with the smaller effective dynamic range is processed for Booth decoding so as to increase the probability of the partial products being zero, and thus the switching activity of the MAC unit is reduced. Moreover, the effective dynamic range of the result from this multiplication is also estimated and compared with the effective dynamic range of the datum, Z. The larger effective dynamic range of the two data is considered as the effective word length for an addition operation. Pipelined latches are used to make the non-effective operation maintaining the status of the previous operation so to reduce the switching activities from the addition performed in MAC. After the addition operation, sign extension is performed on the result from the effective sign bit copied to non-effective bits to derive at a correct output datum. When comparing to the conventional MAC units, the proposed MAC unit is able to reduce 21.09% to 43.74% of power consumption. Additionally, the proposed MAC unit outperforms the conventional ones in comparing the product of critical delay, area, and power consumption. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Electric power utilization

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A Study on Users' Preference on Interruption When Using Wearable computers and Head Mounted Displays

A Study on Users' Preference on Interruption When Using Wear...

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IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom)

作者： M. Nilsson M. Drugge U. Liljedahl K. Synnes P. Parnes Department of Computer Science & Electrical Engineering Division of Media Technology Luleå University of Technology Lulea Sweden Department of Computer Science & Electrical Engineering Division of Computer Science and Networking Luleå University of Technology Lulea Sweden

An important part of making a wearable computer unobtrusive is the user interface and the way it interrupts the user. The amount of interruption that have to be made on the users primary task should be minimized. Usage without interruption is of course best for the performance of the primary task but is often not possible as many tasks that the wearable computer is involved in do need interaction with the user. It is therefore important to understand what type of interruption that will benefit the user most. The question about which interruption that causes the least amount of stress for the user is as important as which interruption that gives the best performance. This paper continues on previous work where performance of the users was measured for different types of interruption. In this paper subjective data is analyzed to understand how to build user interfaces for wearable computers and head mounted displays that considers stress and other subjective variables

关键词： Wearable computers computer displays Stress User interfaces Pharmaceutical technology computer science Pervasive computing Data analysis Head Fires

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Power splitters for ultralow refractive index metallic nanostructures waveguides

Power splitters for ultralow refractive index metallic nanos...

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2005 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronic Conference

作者： Rodriguez-Esquerre, V.F. Koshiba, Masanori Hernández-Figueroa, H.E. Rubio-Mercedes, C.E. Division of Media and Network Technologies Hokkaido University Japan Department of Microwave and Optics School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Campinas Brazil Center of Exact Sciences and Technology State University of Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0780393422

We investigated power splitters in air core waveguides with a metallic photonic crystal cladding. The mechanism of propagation in these guides is the total external reflection. The cladding is formed by a periodic arrangement of metallic wires on square or triangular lattices. Power splitters can be designed by modifying the geometry at the splitting region by introducing a reflecting structure in order to increase the transmission coefficient. Some splitters based on these structures are analyzed by an efficient frequency domain finite element approach. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Optical beam splitters

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Affective dialogue communication system with emotional memories for humanoid robots

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1st International Conference on ffective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, ACII 2005

作者： Ryoo, M.S. Seo, Yong-Ho Jung, Hye-Won Yang, H.S. Artificial Intelligence and Media Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 373-1 Guseong-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Korea Republic of CVRC University of Texas Austin

ISBN: (纸本)3540296212

Memories are vital in human interactions. To interact sociably with a human, a robot should not only recognize and express emotions like a human, but also share emotional experience with humans. We present an affective human-robot communication system for a humanoid robot, AMI, which we designed to enable high-level communication with a human through dialogue. AMI communicates with humans by preserving emotional memories of users and topics, and it naturally engages in dialogue with humans. Humans therefore perceive AMI to be more human-like and friendly. Thus, interaction between AMI and humans is enhanced. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Intelligent robots

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Hidden design: An inquiry into the design of inclusive building environments and digital interface design for the vision impaired

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International Congress Series 2005年 1282卷 1071-1074页

作者： Srivilailuck, Sasipan Beale, Patrick Murray, Iain Kidd, Brian Faculty of Architecture Landscape and Visual arts The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Curtin University of Technology Perth WA Australia Brian J. Kidd PTY.LTD.Architect Perth WA Australia

This study aims to answer the question of what can architects and electronic and computer engineers offer to people with vision impairment? This research project is being undertaken jointly at the Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Visual arts-University of Western Australia and the department of electrical and computer engineering at Curtin University of technology. The study demonstrates the processes of architects and electronic computer engineers' work with vision impaired people. This research will examine how architects and electronic computer engineers meet the needs of the vision impaired within the area of learning environments. By being involved in a project for the creation of a revolutionary new building at the Association for the Blind of Western Australia and working under the supervision of an architect who has had over thirty years experience in the areas of aging and sensory loss, will assist in the study of how to meet the needs of vision impaired people in their building environments. Participation in the Cisco Network Academy Program with the vision impaired students at Curtin University will be vital and explain the different ways of learning and the interaction of vision impaired students with their educational technology. This will become a good source to experts in a variety of fields, who work with the vision impaired so as to be able to study their reaction to new technology. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Building environment computer technology Tactile graphic Vision impairment Wayfinding systems

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A compact mathematical formulation for shared path protection with general shared risk groups

A compact mathematical formulation for shared path protectio...

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IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN)

作者： J. Tapolcai Pin-Han Ho T. Cinkler Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics Budapest University슠of슠Technology슠and슠Economics Budapest Hungary Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo ONT Canada

This paper provides a compact mathematical formulation for shared protection in communication networks with bandwidth guaranteed tunnels. The formulation is characterized by taking the most general definition of the shared risk group (SRG) with the complete routing information in the single failure scenario, which can facilitate solving the shared path protection problem on various network topologies and various graph models of networks. The general SRGs are essential for survivable routing in multi-layer grooming networks as well as in multi-domain networks. With the formulation, a general approach and a unified expression for solving the dynamic survivable routing problem can be developed. A case study is given at the end to verify the proposed formulation on a well studied special case, namely protecting against a single node or a single link failure.

关键词： Protection Routing Network topology Communication networks Signal restoration Informatics Bandwidth Cost function

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A multiplication-accumulation computation unit with optimized compressors and minimized switching activities

A multiplication-accumulation computation unit with optimize...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Li-Hsun Chen O.T.-C. Chen Teng-Yi Wang Yung-Cheng Ma Signal and Media Laboratories Department of Electrical Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan Computer System Development Department Computer & Communications Research Laboratories Industrial Technology and Research Institute Hsinchu Taiwan

A low-power multiplication-accumulation computation (MAC) unit using the radix-4 Booth algorithm is proposed; its architectural complexity is reduced and switching activities are minimized. However, to maintain a high performance, the critical delays and hardware complexities of MAC units are explored to derive a MAC unit with high performance and low hardware complexity. A carry-save addition operation with optimized compressors is proposed to omit the use of half adders to reduce the hardware complexity further. A scheme to reduce switching activity is also proposed to lower the power consumption of the MAC unit. In performing a MAC for X/spl times/Y+Z, the effective dynamic ranges of X and Y are detected; the one with the smaller effective dynamic range is processed for Booth decoding so as to increase the probability of the partial products being zero, and thus the switching activity is reduced. Also, the effective dynamic range of the result from this multiplication is estimated and compared with the effective dynamic range of the datum, Z. The larger effective dynamic range of the two data is considered as the effective word length for an addition operation. Pipelined latches are used to make the noneffective operation maintain the status of the previous operation so as to reduce the switching activities from the addition performed in MAC. After the addition operation, sign extension is performed on the result from the effective sign bit copied to non-effective bits to derive at a correct output datum. Compared to conventional MAC units, the proposed one is able to reduce 21.09% to 43.74% of power consumption. Additionally, the proposed MAC unit outperforms conventional ones in comparing the product of critical delay, area, and power consumption.

关键词： Compressors Energy consumption Hardware computer architecture Delay Dynamic range Switching circuits Communication switching Digital signal processing Switched capacitor circuits

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