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Evidence supporting the relationship between maternal asthma and risk for autism spectrum disorders

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1101-1102页

作者： Hadley Osman Paul Ashwood Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and the M.I.N.D.InstituteUniversity of California at DavisSacramentoCAUSA

During pregnancy,maternal immune activation(MIA),due to infection,chronic inflammatory disorders,or toxic exposures,can result in lasting health impacts on the developing *** has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders,such as autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in the *** is characterized by increased repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and decreased *** of 2020,1 in 36 children are diagnosed with ASD by the age of 8 years,with ASD rates continuing to increase in prevalence in USA(Tamayo et al.,2023).Post-mortem brain studies,biomarker and transcriptomic studies,and epidemiology studies have provided compelling evidence of immune dysregulation in the circulation and brain of individuals diagnosed with ***,the etiology of ASD is largely unknown,however,genetic components and environmental factors can contribute to increased *** allergic asthma(MAA),a form of MIA,has been identified as a potential risk factor for developing neurodevelopmental disorders(Patel et al.,2020).Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition driven by a T-helper type(TH)2 immune response.

关键词： disorders epidemiology fetus

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Chlamydia trachomatis invasion: a duet of effectors

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Biochemical Society Transactions 2025年第2期53卷 363-370.0页

作者： Zimmerman, Tyler J. Carabeo, Rey A. Department of Pathology Microbiology Immunology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha 68198 NE United States

Members of the genus Chlamydia require an intracellular niche for growth and replication, thus highlighting the extreme significance of its ability to invade epithelial cells—the favored host cell in vivo. Because epithelial cells are not phagocytic, the uptake of Chlamydia must be driven by the pathogen. To this end, two bacterial proteins, translocated actin-recruiting protein (TarP) and translocated membrane effector A (TmeA), identified in Chlamydia trachomatis are translocated from the infectious chlamydial elementary bodies to the host cell cytosol to facilitate extensive remodeling of the cortical actin network to produce protrusive structures designed for pathogen engulfment. Notably, both effectors act by promoting highly localized actin nucleation at sites of bacterial adhesion. However, they have non-redundant functions, with both required for optimal actin remodeling dynamics and efficient invasion. Finally, these effectors also mediate the latter stages of the invasion process, specifically by modulating host dynamin 2, a large GTPase critical to closure and scission of invaginating vesicles harboring elementary bodies. In summary, TarP and TmeA orchestrate major aspects of C. trachomatis invasion. © 2025 Portland Press Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Actin Dynamics Chlamydia trachomatis Invasion Type III Effector

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ALK+ Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Diagnosed on Paediatric Pericardial Effusion Cytology

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Cytopathology 2025年第3期36卷 285-289页

作者： Hartzell, Connor Wang, Huiying Mason, Emily F. Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN United States

Authors describe pericardial effusion as the primary presentation of paediatric ALK+ ALCL, without a cardiac mass. This emphasises the diagnostic value of pericardiocentesis and highlights ALK+ ALCL in the differentia...

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Effect of intensive application of self-assembling peptide P11-4 with fluoride, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride and sodium fluoride on streptococcus mutans level in preschool children: a randomized controlled clinical trial

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Clinical Oral Investigations 2025年第4期29卷 1-10页

作者： Khairy, Sarah M. Talaat, Dalia M. Essa, Sara A. M. Dowidar, Karin M. L. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Faculty of Dentistry Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Lecturer of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Faculty of Dentistry Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt

Objectives: To compare the effect of self-assembling peptide P11-4 with fluoride, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) varnish and 5% sodium fluoride varnish (NaF), on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in dental plaque of preschoolers in addition to assessing change in plaque index after their intensive application. Methods: Sixty-six preschoolers were randomly assigned into three groups to receive triple applications of P11-4 with fluoride, CPP-ACPF varnish or NaF. S. mutans count in supragingival plaque samples was assessed at baseline (T0) and after the third application by 48 h (T1), one month (T2) and 3 months (T3). Multivariable linear regression compared the effect of these materials on S. mutans log count at various time intervals. Baseline plaque index was compared to that at T2 and T3. Results: All study groups presented a significant decrease in S. mutans count at T1, T2 and T3. Multivariable linear regression demonstrated a significant more reduction in S. mutans count in CPP-ACPF and NaF groups when compared to P11-4 with fluoride at T1. At T2 and T3, CPP-ACPF showed superior reduction in bacterial count than NaF and P11-4 with fluoride, with no significant difference between the latter two materials. Plaque index was significantly reduced at all study groups at T2 and T3, with CPP-ACPF being the most proficient. Conclusion: CPP-ACPF presented superior antibacterial effect when compared to P11-4 with fluoride or NaF which exhibited comparable antibacterial effect. Clinical relevance: Different remineralizing agents can have additive antibacterial effect against S. mutans that affects individual’s future caries experience. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： CPP-ACPF Curodont repair fluoride plus Self-assembling peptide P11-4 Sodium fluoride varnish Streptococcus mutans

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Machine learning approach to predict prognosis and immunotherapy responses in colorectal cancer patients

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hLife 2025年第4期3卷 172-186页

作者： Liu, Zhen Yu, Dou Xia, Pengyan Wang, Shuo CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology Peking University Beijing China

The immune-related genes in the colorectal cancer (CRC) microenvironment are closely associated with patient prognosis and the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this study, a CRC risk model was established utilizing the expression profiles of immune-related genes. The risk prediction framework for CRC was created by integrating clinical and transcriptomic data through machine learning techniques. We incorporated 13 core immune-related genes (IL18BP, RSAD2, G0S2, SIGLEC1, SFRP2, IFI44L, ISG20, IFIT1, OLR1, SAMHD1, HK3, PTAFR, and CSF1), constructed a prognostic model and established Immune Response-related Risk Score (IRRS) model in CRC. IRRS strongly correlated with cancer staging, immune cell infiltration, immune cell activation, and the expression of genes associated with immunotherapy targets. Furthermore, this IRRS model outperformed the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) tool in predicting immunotherapy response. Therefore, by integrating patient clinical and transcriptomic data and applying machine learning algorithms, we developed a predictive model with enhanced accuracy and clinical utility for risk stratification and immunotherapy response prediction in CRC patients. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： colorectal cancer immunotherapy machine learning risk model tumor microenvironment

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A new Synbiotic supplementation ameliorates ulcerative colitis via modulating microbial homeostasis， protecting intestinal barrier integrity， and maintaining immunity homeostasis in mice

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2025年

作者： Yongbo Kang Liping Li Jing Guo Yue Cai Ying Yang Department of microbiology and immunology， School of Basic Medical Sciences， Shanxi Medical University Department of Endocrinology Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University

Ulcerative colitis [UC] is established by a chronic， diffuse inflammation of colonic mucosa with poorly defined etiology， and without sufficient treatment or cure available for remission. In this context， there is a growing recognition and consensus that synbiotic supplement may be promising and impactful strategies towards ameliorating UC and related inflammatory disorders， garnering significant attention from researchers as an alternative therapy. Herein， we innovatively prepared a novel synbiotic combination including Lactobacillus acidophilus， Bifidobacterium infants and prebiotics konjac glucomannan oligosaccharides [KGMO] to explore the potential therapeutic effects in dextran sodium sulfate [DSS] induced UC mouse model. The results demonstrated that the synbiotic effectively improved colitis symptoms in mice by mitigating weight loss， disease activity index [DAI]， colonic pathological damage， and colonic oxidative stress. it also observed that the synbiotic preserve intestinal barrier function integrity， reduces metabolic endotoxemia as well as inhibits the TLR4/NF-κB， NLRP3/Caspase-1， and Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. Furthermore， the synbiotic modulated microbial homeostasis directly by enhancing beneficial microbes and reducing potentially harmful bacteria. In addition， microbiome phenotype prediction and bacterial functional potential prediction analysis demonstrated that the synbiotic supplementation regulated gut microbiota function involving inflammatory injury， metabolism， immune response， and pathopoiesia. Especially， the synbiotic not only restored the balance of Th1/Th2 cells as well as Th17/Treg cells along with specific inflammatory factors expression， but also maintained bile acid homeostasis by regulating FXR/FGF15 signaling pathway. Especially important is that the synbiotic was as effective as mesalazine against UC. According to above data， it is seen that this novel synbiotic could be a good candidate drug for ameliorating UC through its ant

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Genetic study of extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes;bla-TEM, blaOXA-10, blaSHV and per-1 in pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital-acquired infections

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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular microbiology 2025年第4期118卷 1-8页

作者： Elmansoury, Eman Adel Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed Salem, Mohamed Mofreh Mohamed Montasser, Karim Abdelfattah Hamam, Sanaa Samir Mohamed Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department-Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department Faculty of Medicine Menoufiia University Menoufia Egypt Clinical Pathology Department- Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Clinical Pathology Department- Faculty of Medicine Helwan University Helwan Egypt

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, is a major contributor to hospital-acquired infections. This Gram-negative bacterium relies on aerobic respiration and cannot ferment. Various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance closely link to its pathogenicity. This study aimed to determine how common the bla-TEM, blaOXA-10, blaSHV, and per-1 genes were in Pseudomonas aeruginosa samples taken from hospitalized patients. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis on 100 isolates of the bacterium. The double-disc test detected extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) activity and assessed antibiotic susceptibility. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we found that the bla-TEM, bla-SHV, blaOXA-10, and per-1 genes were present. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were highly resistant to meropenem (80%), imipenem (77%), piperacillin (77%), and ceftazidime (76%). However, they were not resistant to colistin. 91% of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), and 76% phenotypically showed ESBL *** analysis revealed that bla-TEM was the most prevalent (38%), then per-1 (31%), bla-SHV (15%), and OXA-10 (9%). We identified the bla-TEM gene in 50.8% of ESBL-positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the per-1 gene in 40.8%, and the bla-SHV and OXA-10 genes in 19.7% and 2.6% respectively. The phenotypic method failed to detect ESBL activity in 24 isolates with the per-1 gene and 7 isolates with the OXA-10 gene. In conclusion, clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa show a high prevalence of ESBL activity, but reliance on phenotypic methods alone may overlook some cases. The most frequently detected ESBL-associated genes are bla-TEM, followed by per-1, bla-SHV, and OXA-10. Additionally, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates demonstrate a high incidence of multiple drug resistance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Bla-SHV bla-TEM ESBL OXA-10 Per-1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Specimen Validity Testing in the Toxicology Laboratory

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Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 2025年第2期45卷 271-282页

作者： Fyffe-Freil, Ria C. Omosule, Catherine L. Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE United States MSRC University of Ghana Medical Centre Accra Ghana

Ensuring accurate toxicology results is crucial in clinical, forensic, and workplace settings. Specimen validity testing is vital in assessing urine sample integrity to prevent tampering, substitution, or adulteration. This process includes pre-analytical checks like visual inspection and temperature monitoring, as well as analytical tests for pH, specific gravity, and creatinine concentrations. These measures help identify diluted or altered samples, ensuring reliable results. Vigilance from sampling facilities, laboratorians, and clinicians is essential, as positive test outcomes can significantly impact medical decisions, legal proceedings, and employment, making sample integrity critical to trustworthy toxicology testing.

关键词： Adulteration Dilution Specific gravity Specimen integrity Substitution Urine drug screening

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Providencia pseudovermicola sp. nov.: redefining Providencia vermicola and unveiling multidrug-resistant strains from diabetic foot ulcers in Egypt

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BMC microbiology 2025年第1期25卷 1-16页

作者： Hamed, Samira M. Darwish, Manal M. Monir, Reham Taweel, Ahmed Al Ghanem, Ayat I. Hanna, Ihab N. Amer, Mai A. Microbiology and Immunology Department Faculty of Pharmacy October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) Giza Egypt Medical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE) Cairo Egypt

Background: Providencia species are concerning due to their intrinsic resistance to colistin and tigecycline, complicating the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. Methods: In the current study, two MDR isolates, DFU6 and DFU52^T, were recovered from infected diabetic foot ulcers in Egypt in 2024. Following their initial identification as Providencia stuartii using VITEK® 2 and MALDI-TOF-MS, the isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing via DNBseq. Results: While the 16S rRNA gene showed 100% similarity to that of Providencia vermicola, phylogenomic analysis against the type strains in the TYGS database, including P. vermicola DSM 17385^T confirmed that these isolates represent a distinct species within the genus, further supported by overall genome-relatedness indices (ORGIs). This discrepancy prompted us to revise the taxonomy of all published genomes of P. vermicola strains (n = 59) which revealed misidentification of at least 56 strains that are unrelated to the type strain of this species. DFU6 and DFU52^T carried novel sequence types (ST29 and ST41, submitted to PubMLST) and harbored multiple resistance genes. Both strains contained the qnrD1 gene on a small, non-mobilizable plasmid. DFU52^T possessed a conjugative plasmid encoding bla_CMY−6, bla_NDM−1, rmtC, aac(6’)-Ib10, sul1, aph(3’)-Ia, and qacEΔ1. DFU6 carried an ISEcp1-associated bla_CTX−M−14, along with aadA, dfrA1, lnuF in a class 2 integron, and armA, msrE, and mphE on a resistance plasmid. Both isolates also featured a pathogenicity island (PAI) integrated into the pheV gene with fimbriae-encoding genes. Conclusion: Following our reassessment of the taxonomic classification of all P. vermicola strains with published genomes, we propose reclassifying certain strains, including DFU6 and DFU52^T, into distinct species for which we propose the name Providencia pseudovermicola sp. nov. We recommend DFU52

关键词： ANI dDDH Diabetic foot ulcer Multidrug resistance OGRIs Providencia pseudovermicola Providencia vermicola Providenciaspp Taxonogenomics Whole genome sequencing

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Impact of -20 C° cryopreservation on serum factors from schistosomiasis patients at different storage durations: insights into serum bio-banking

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Journal of Parasitic Diseases 2025年第1期49卷 162-172页

作者： Aladawy, Azza Ibrahim Elnakib, Mostafa Fattah, Mohamed Abdel Taha, Ahmed Gad El Saftawy, Enas Aly Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Al Giza Egypt Medical Parasitology Armed Forces College of Medicine Cairo Egypt Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department Military Medical Academy Cairo Egypt Head of the Microbiology Department Armed Forces Laboratories for Medical Research and Blood Bank Cairo Egypt

It is indefinite for research applications if prolonged freeze-stored serum from Schistosoma-infected patients is useful. We assessed − 20 ̊C freezing as a rapid and inexpensive method. A longitudinal cohort study with staggered follow-up periods evaluated the impact of cryopreservation on serum residues from 24 Schistosoma-infected Egyptian patients. Fresh serums were collected in March 2022 and assessed by the indirect haemagglutination test for Schistosoma immunoglobulin titrations and calorimetric assays for ALT, AST, total serum protein, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca⁺⁺, and Mg⁺⁺ (baseline values). Sera were then frozen and categorized into 4 groups (6 patients each) according to freezing duration;3 months (group-1), 6 months (group-2), 9 months (group-3), and 12 months (group-4). Re-evaluation was performed on the Schistosoma immunoglobulin recovery rates and all other serum chemical factors. Baseline assessment showed increased mean values of Schistosoma immunoglobulins, ALT, AST, and proteins;yet, Ca⁺⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ were reduced. Mg⁺⁺ showed normal values. Compared with the baselines, − 20 °C freezing showed significant deviations and increased percentage change in Schistosoma immunoglobulin titers, ALT, AST, K⁺, and Na⁺ at different time intervals of archiving (p-value ≤ 0.05). Evaluating serum factors interactions post-thawing revealed that AST correlated positively with ALT and Mg⁺⁺ sera levels whereas Ca⁺⁺ negatively correlated with Na⁺ and Schistosoma antibody titer. Analyzing baselines revealed that the parasite alters levels of immunoglobulin, ALT, AST, proteins, Ca⁺⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺. − 20 °C cryopreservation did not guarantee the stability of all tK⁺hese serum parameters. In addition, some serum factors appeared to interact together. Assessing the efficacy of − 20 °C freezing on the next-g

关键词： -20 C°freezing Albumin ALT AST Ca Immunoglobulins K Mg Na Schistosoma

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