High-performance application developers are becoming increasingly aware of effects of the increasing energy consumption on the costs and reliability of modern computing systems. A traditional way to achieve energy sav...
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This paper summarizes work underway on neurosurgery simulation and navigation, emphasizing anatomical modeling techniques and clinical requirements for simulation. We describe innovations that center on patient-specif...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510838284
This paper summarizes work underway on neurosurgery simulation and navigation, emphasizing anatomical modeling techniques and clinical requirements for simulation. We describe innovations that center on patient-specific anatomical modeling of the brain, including skull base anatomy, and spine. In general, we advocate a model-based approach to segmentation that leverages digital atlases of the anatomy, as well as a discrete deformable contour or surface model which can be deformed to fit patient image data. Furthermore, we proceed in a manner that represents several tissue boundaries at once, whereby a voxel-based functional atlas is expressed as a deformable 2-Simplex multi-surface model. Our research has also endowed the 2-Simplex multi-surface model with shape statistics and shared faces. We also describe innovations on deformable 1-Simplex 3D contour models that have been applied to identifying the intracranial portion of cranial nerves. Innovations on the clinical requirements front relate to the development of neurosurgical ontologies.
Stress can impose negative impact on the health and well-being of a person. People who do not have tools to manage their stress are more likely to acquire cardiovascular disease (CVD) - the leading cause of death in t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510838284
Stress can impose negative impact on the health and well-being of a person. People who do not have tools to manage their stress are more likely to acquire cardiovascular disease (CVD) - the leading cause of death in the USA. For affected individuals, it not only implies health risks but also increased medical expenditures which can lead to financial issues - the top stressor in the USA. Research studies reveal that yoga reduces the stress perceived and modulates stress response systems. In this study, an agent-based model was developed to simulate the impact of adopting a yogic breathing technique, particularly on managing stress, preventing CVD and reducing the associated medical expenses. The simulation results show that people who practice SKY have generally lower and normal SBP, BMI and stress levels while those who don't, have generally higher levels and fall into the high-risk category.
Transportation modeling and simulation play an important role in the planning and management of emergency evacuation. It is often indispensable for the preparedness and timely response to extreme events occurring in h...
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Transportation modeling and simulation play an important role in the planning and management of emergency evacuation. It is often indispensable for the preparedness and timely response to extreme events occurring in highly populated areas. Reliable and robust agent-based evacuation models are of great importance to support evacuation decision making. Nevertheless, these models rely on numerous hypothetical causal relationships between the evacuation behavior and a variety of factors including socio-economic characteristics and storm intensity. Understanding the impacts of these factors on evacuation behaviors (e.g., destination and route choices) is crucial in preparing optimal evacuation plans. This paper aims to contribute to the literature by integrating well-calibrated behavior models with an agent-based evacuation simulation model in the context of hurricane evacuation. Specifically, discrete choice models were developed to estimate the evacuation behaviors based on large-scale survey data in Northern New Jersey. Monte-Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) sampling method was used to estimate evacuation propensity and destination choices for the whole population. Finally, evacuation of over a million residents in the study area was simulated using agent-based simulation built in MATSim. The agent-based modeling framework proposed in this paper provides an integrated methodology for evacuation simulation with specific consideration of agents’ behaviors. The simulation results need to be further validated and verified using real-world evacuation data.
This paper presents a new educational roadmap for teaching discrete event system (DES) simulation software design. This roadmap represents the hierarchical structure and inter-relationships characterizing the worldvie...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538634271
This paper presents a new educational roadmap for teaching discrete event system (DES) simulation software design. This roadmap represents the hierarchical structure and inter-relationships characterizing the worldviews of DES simulation, namely, event scheduling and process interaction. The roadmap was developed from the authors' experience while teaching DES simulation to both undergraduate and graduate students, spanning several years. The roadmap's development was motivated by the need to strive for greater completeness as well as fewer inconsistencies in the material curriculum. The commonality between the worldviews is highlighted in striving for a uniform approach. The intent of this paper is to provide other educators a foundation for their own DES simulation course development. A simple example is used to illustrate the worldviews within the roadmap.
High-performance application developers are becoming increasingly aware of effects of the increasing energy consumption on the costs and reliability of modern computing systems. A traditional way to achieve energy sav...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510838222
High-performance application developers are becoming increasingly aware of effects of the increasing energy consumption on the costs and reliability of modern computing systems. A traditional way to achieve energy savings is by changing the processor frequency dynamically during application execution. Several techniques have been proposed in the past at application, library, and transparent level. In this work, the effect of two such techniques, at application and transparent levels, are evaluated in terms of their effects on the execution time and energy consumption for different algorithms in the quantum chemistry package NWChem. Experimental results depict that there is no clear winner between the two methods since the transparent-level makes decisions without intimate knowledge of the application while the strategy based solely on application does not take into the account the platform characteristics at the runtime. Hence, it is argued that the best strategy would be a hybrid of the two levels.
The purpose of this research is to present a straightforward and relatively efficient method for solving scheduling problems. A new heuristic algorithm, with the objective of minimizing the makespan, is developed and ...
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The purpose of this research is to present a straightforward and relatively efficient method for solving scheduling problems. A new heuristic algorithm, with the objective of minimizing the makespan, is developed and presented in this paper for job shop scheduling problems (JSP). This method determines jobs’ orders for each machine. The assessment is based on the combination of dispatching rules e.g. the “Shortest Processing Time” of each operation, the “Earliest Due Date” of each job, the “Least Tardiness” of the operations in each sequence and the “First come First Serve” idea. Also, unlike most of the heuristic algorithms, due date for each job, prescribed by the user, is considered in finding the optimum schedule. A multitude of JSP problems with different features are scheduled based on this proposed algorithm. The models are also solved with Shifting Bottleneck algorithm, known as one of the most common and reliable heuristic methods. The result of comparison between the outcomes shows that when the number of jobs are less than or equal to the number of machines, the proposed algorithm concludes smaller, and better, makespan in a significantly lower computational time, which shows the superiority of the suggested algorithm. In addition, for a category when the number of jobs are greater than the number of machines, the suggested algorithm generates more efficient results when the ratio of the number of jobs to the number of machines is less than 2.1. However, in this category for the mentioned ratio to be higher than 2.1, the smaller makespan could be generated by either of the methods, and the results do not follow any particular trend, hence, no general conclusions can be made for this case.
Energy-efficient computing is crucial to achieving exascale performance. Power capping and dynamic voltage/frequency scaling may be used to achieve energy savings. The Intel Xeon Phi implements a power capping strateg...
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As data grows at exponential rates toward exa-scale (1018) computing, it is necessary to exploit scientific visualization in the form of a visual, informative, and interactive methodology to help resolve daunting prob...
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There are frequent user studies in flow visualization for comparing different algorithms in the effectiveness. While much work is focused on statistical analysis of the collected results, considerable bias arising fro...
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