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Correlation versus dissipation in a non-Hermitian Anderson impurity model

Physical Review B 2025年第12期111卷 125157-125157页

作者： Kazuki Yamamoto Masaya Nakagawa Norio Kawakami Department of Physics Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan Department of Physics University of Tokyo Hongo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Fundamental Quantum Science Program TRIP Headquarters RIKEN Wako 351-0198 Japan Department of Physics Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan Department of Materials Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan

We analyze the competition between strong correlations and dissipation in quantum impurity systems from the Kondo regime to the valence fluctuation regime by developing a slave-boson theory for a non-Hermitian Anderson impurity model with one-body loss. Notably, in the non-Hermitian Kondo regime, strong correlations qualitatively change the nature of dissipation through renormalization effects, where the effective one-body loss is suppressed and emergent many-body dissipation characterized by the complex-valued hybridization is generated. We unveil the mechanism of a dissipative quantum phase transition of the Kondo state on the basis of this renormalization effect, which counterintuitively enhances the lifetime of the impurity against loss. We also find a crossover from the non-Hermitian Kondo regime to the valence fluctuation regime dominated by one-body dissipation. Our results can be tested in a wide variety of setups such as quantum dots coupled to electronic leads and quantum point contacts in ultracold Fermi gases.

关键词： Bosons

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Thermoelectrically Elevated Hydrogel Evaporation for Personal Cooling under Extreme Heat

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Pei, Yu Feng, Tianshi Chambers, Robert Cai, Shengqiang Chen, Renkun Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA92093 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA92093 United States

Extreme heat events with wet-bulb temperatures (WBT) above 35°C pose serious risks to human survival, and conventional hydrogel evaporative cooling alone may not provide sufficient relief as it must be maintained at a sufficiently high temperature to achieve effective evaporation in hot, humid conditions. This study integrates thermoelectric devices (TEDs) with hydrogels to create an effective personal cooling solution. TEDs pump heat away from the skin to maintain comfort while simultaneously increasing the hydrogel’s temperature to enhance evaporation. This hybrid system outperforms TEDs or hydrogel alone in extreme conditions (temperature up to 55°C and relative humidity up to 88%, with WBT > 35°C) and can operate for over six hours with a manageable hydrogel and battery weight. The active temperature control of TEDs allows adaptation to changing thermal loads and environments. These results demonstrate the potential of hybrid evaporative and thermoelectric cooling as an efficient, adaptable, and sustainable personal cooling solution to combat extreme heat. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Evaporative cooling systems

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CREASE-2D Analysis of Small Angle X-ray Scattering Data from Supramolecular Dipeptide Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Gupta, Nitant Akepati, Sri V.V.R. Bianco, Simona Shah, Jay Adams, Dave J. Jayaraman, Arthi Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States Data Science Program University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States School of Chemistry University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States

In this paper, we extend a recently developed machine-learning (ML) based CREASE-2D method to analyze the entire two-dimensional (2D) scattering pattern obtained from small angle X-ray scattering measurements of supramolecular dipeptide micellar systems. Traditional analysis of such scattering data would involve use of approximate or incorrect analytical models to fit to azimuthally-averaged 1D scattering patterns that can miss the anisotropic arrangements. Analysis of the 2D scattering profiles of such micellar solutions using CREASE-2D allows us to understand both isotropic and anisotropic structural arrangements that are present in these systems of assembled dipeptides in water and in the presence of added solvents/salts. CREASE-2D outputs distributions of relevant structural features including ones that cannot be identified with existing analytical models (e.g., assembled tubes’ cross-sectional eccentricity, tortuosity, orientational order). The representative three-dimensional (3D) real-space structures for the optimized values of these structural features further facilitate visualization of the structures. Through this detailed interpretation of these 2D SAXS profiles we are able to characterize the shapes of the assembled tube structures as a function of dipeptide chemistry, solution conditions with varying salts and solvents, and relative concentrations of all components. This paper demonstrates how CREASE-2D analysis of entire SAXS profiles can provide an unprecedented level of understanding of structural arrangements which has not been possible through traditional analytical model fits to the 1D SAXS data. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： X ray scattering

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A Rapid Manual Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis Method for High-Throughput Peptide Production

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Journal of Biomedical materials Research - Part A 2025年第5期113卷 e37922页

作者： Overby, Clyde Abraham, Brittany Adjei-Sowah, Emmanuella March, Alyson Ling, Kevin Basu, Sayantani Benoit, Danielle S. W. Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY United States Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester RochesterNY United States Department of Chemical Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY United States Materials Science Program University of Rochester RochesterNY United States Department of Bioengineering Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon EugeneOR United States

Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) techniques are critical for developing and using peptides in various biomedical applications. However, typical synthesis routes used in SPPS are either resource-intensive (e.g., with automated synthesis or commercial services) or time-consuming (e.g., with manual benchtop synthesis). Here, a rapid manual synthesis method was developed to produce up to 8 peptides with fast cycle times simultaneously. Peptides synthesized manually were of equivalent or superior quality to those produced by in-house microwave-assisted automated peptide synthesis, with higher average crude purity of 70% compared to 50%. The method significantly reduced synthesis time, enabling the parallel coupling of up to 8 amino acids simultaneously in 15–20 min, as opposed to traditional benchtop peptide synthesis, which requires 80–150 min per amino acid. This approach offers an intermediate throughput between milligram-scale libraries and gram-scale single peptide synthesis, enabling rapid iteration for novel peptide designs without the need for expensive automated systems. As a result, peptide modifications, including incorporation of unnatural amino acids, can be explored, accelerating the development of peptides for a wide range of applications. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Biomedical materials Research Part A published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Medical applications

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engineering Andreev Bound States for Thermal Sensing in Proximity Josephson Junctions

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jung, Woochan Arnault, Ethan G. Huang, Bevin Park, Jinho Jang, Seong Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Englund, Dirk Fong, Kin Chung Lee, Gil-Ho Physics Department Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Quantum Materials and Sensing Institute BurlingtonMA01803 United States

The thermal response of proximity Josephson junctions (JJs) is governed by the temperature (T)- dependent occupation of Andreev bound states (ABS), making them promising candidates for sensitive thermal detection. In this study, we systematically engineer ABS to enhance the thermal sensitivity of critical current (lc) of proximity JJs, quantified as |dlc/dT/| for threshold readout scheme and |dlc/***−1| for inductive readout scheme. Using a gate-tunable graphene-based JJ platform, we explore the impact of key parameters—including channel length, transparency, carrier density, and superconducting material—on the thermal response. Our results reveal that the proximity-induced superconducting gap plays a crucial role in optimizing thermal sensitivity. Notably, we see a maximum |dlc/***−1| value of 0.6 K−1 at low temperatures with titanium-based graphene JJs. By demonstrating a systematic approach to engineering ABS in proximity JJs, this work establishes a versatile framework for optimizing thermal sensors and advancing the study of ABS-mediated transport. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Superconducting materials

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Sn-Mediated Local Atomic Ordering Enhances Reversible Anionic Redox Activity in Cation-Disordered Li1.3Mn0.4Nb0.3O2 Cathodes

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Advanced Energy materials 2025年第0期

作者： Sun, Gang Nie, Dan Zhu, Qingjun Gao, Lijun Chang, Yi-Hung Liu, Han Yang, Jiayi Ren, Yang Shao, Yu-Cheng Ishii, Hirofumi Sui, Xulei Wang, PanPan Wang, Hsiao-Tsu Wang, Zhenbo Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518071 China Bachelor's Program in Advanced Materials Science Tamkang University No.151 Yingzhuan Rd. Tamsui Dist. New Taipei25137 Taiwan Department of Physics City University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center 101 Hsin-Ann Road Hsinchu Science Park Hsinchu300092 Taiwan State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage MOE Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Carbon Neutrality in Cold Regions School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China

Recent advances in lithium-ion batteries have revealed the potential of Li-excess cation-disordered rock salt (DRX) cathodes, which expand the design space for cathode materials. The evidence of facile lattice substitution further provides a key strategy for activating redox reaction centers and enhancing the cycling performance of such materials. Here, the study explores how Sn-mediated local atomic ordering enhances reversible anionic redox activity in Li1.3Mn0.4Nb0.3O2 through the use of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, ex/in situ X-ray techniques, and theoretical calculation. The results demonstrate that Sn incorporation optimizes the local atomic structure, fostering the formation of rapid Li+ diffusion "elevator" pathways and short-range ordered structures, thereby enhancing the Li+ transport network. Additionally, quantitative analysis of the redox pathways and degree of participation for Mn and O during charge–discharge cycles reveals that the Sn-mediated electrode exhibits enhanced anionic O redox activity at high charging voltages, maintaining elevated activity throughout subsequent cycling. This sustained performance not only indicates increased redox capabilities but also suggests improved structural stability. By elucidating the complex interplay between composition, local structure, and performance, this study advances the understanding of DRX materials and underscores the potential of strategic elemental substitution for optimizing disordered cathode materials in next-generation energy storage systems. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Redox reactions

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Composites of sodium manganese oxides with enhanced electrochemical performance for sodium-ion batteries: Tailoring properties via controlling microstructure

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science China(Technological sciences) 2016年第7期59卷 1042-1047页

作者： HUANG JiaJia LUO Jian Department of Nano Engineering Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California

Composites of Na_(0.44)Mn O_2, Na_(0.7)Mn O_(2.05), and Na_(0.91) Mn O_2 were synthesized by facile solid-state reaction, ball milling, and annealing methods. Two different composites of identical overall composition but drastically different morphologies and microstructures were synthesized. A composite of a hierarchical porous microstructure with primary and secondary particles(i.e., a "meatball-like" microstructure) achieved an excellent stable capacity of 126 m A h g^(-1) after 100 cycles. The rate capability of the composite could be dramatically enhanced by another round of high-energy ball milling and reannealing; subsequently, a composite that was made up of irregular rods was obtained, for which the capacity was improved by more than 230% to achieve ~53 m A h g^(-1) at a particularly high discharge rate of 50 C. This study demonstrated the feasibility of tailoring the electrochemical performance of electrode materials by simply changing their microstructures via facile ball milling and heat treatments, which can be particularly useful for optimizing composite electrodes for sodium-ion batteries.

关键词： sodium-ion battery cathode material composite electrode microstructure morphology

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Anomalous elastic softening in ferroelectric hafnia under pressure

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Physical Review B 2025年第6期111卷 064106-064106页

作者： Alejandro Alvarez Niaz Abdolrahim Sobhit Singh Materials Science Program University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA Center for Coherence and Quantum Optics University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA

This study employs first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations to explore the elastic and mechanical properties of ferroelectric hafnia (HfO2) in its polar orthorhombic Pca21 phase under varying hydrostatic pressure conditions up to 30 GPa. Utilizing a plane-wave basis set and Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized-gradient approximation for solids in our DFT calculations, we investigate both pure and yttrium-substituted HfO2. Our findings reveal an anomalous reduction in the C33 component of the elastic tensor with increasing pressure, which becomes significant above 15 GPa and signals a potential pressure-driven structural phase transition at higher pressure. The analysis of atomic displacements under pressure sheds light on the unusual mechanical behavior and phase stability of this material. Additionally, we observe a transition from an indirect band gap to a direct band gap with increasing pressure, which could have significant implications for optical applications. The effects of yttrium substitution on the mechanical and electronic properties are further examined, revealing that yttrium substitution softens the elastic response of this material and reduces the electronic band gap. These results enhance our understanding of elastic and mechanical responses of ferroelectric hafnia and its potential for applications in microelectronics, piezoelectric devices, and nonvolatile ferroelectric random-access memories. Further experimental validation is recommended to confirm our predictions and explore the practical implications of the observed phase transitions and electronic behavior of the ferroelectric hafnia under high-pressure conditions.

关键词： Ferroelectricity

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Effects of Incident Angle on Single-Event Leakage Current Degradation in Heavy-Ion Irradiated 1800 v and 4500 v SiC Power MOSFETs

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IEEE Transactions on Nuclear science 2025年

作者： Sengupta, A. Martinella, C. Ball, D.R. Niskanen, K. Senarath, A.S. Islam, S. Harris, P.M. Hutson, J.M. Osheroff, J.M. Sternberg, A.L. Kettunen, H. Kosier, S.L. Grossner, U. Javanainen, A. Galloway, K.F. Schrimpf, R.D. Witulski, A.F. Zürich8092 Switzerland Vanderbilt University Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program NashvilleTN37235 United States Lipscomb University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department NashvilleTN37204 United States NASA/GSFC Code 561.4 GreenbeltMD20771 United States Vanderbilt University Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department B 351825 NashvilleTN37235 United States University of Jyväskylä Department of Physics Jyväskylä40014 Finland

Experimental heavy-ion responses of two variants of SiC power MOSFETs are evaluated. The devices have similar epitaxial thickness but different doping. The higher doping in the epitaxial region results in lower breakdown voltage, and typically leads to a lower threshold drain voltage at which single-event leakage current (SELC) occurs. Furthermore, the heavy-ion-induced SELC degradation in the drain and gate currents of the SiC MOSFETs exhibit a strong dependence on the heavy-ion's angle of incidence. The devices' behavior significantly alters when irradiated with heavy-ions at different incident angles under the same fixed bias and total fluence, as also confirmed by 3-D Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Power MOSFET

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Nanoconfined constructs for electrochemical aptamer-based in vivo biosensing

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Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 2025年 51卷

作者： Huldin, Grayson F. Huang, Junming Fu, Kaiyu X. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN46556 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN46556 United States Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN46556 United States

In the last two decades, electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensors have grown rapidly due to their high sensitivity, good selectivity, excellent biocompatibility, and flexible architectures among the wide range of biosensing platforms. Yet, achieving continuous, long-term, and in vivo monitoring remains challenging due to obstacles like device miniaturization, signal amplification, and sensor stability. To tackle these hurdles, researchers are leveraging nanostructured electrodes, leading to new EAB designs with improved in vivo biosensing performance. This opinion provides a brief overview of the development and latest progress in nanoconfined constructs for EAB in vivo biosensing. We illustrate fundamental sensing principles, the various nanostructures being explored, and their respective advantages. These nanostructured EABs hold promise for applications spanning disease diagnostics, environmental surveillance, and food safety management. Finally, we address the persistent challenges EABs face and discuss potential future directions, offering insights into how these sensors can continue to evolve and foster more effective healthcare technologies. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Nanorings

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