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Anomalous properties of spark plasma sintered boron nitride solids

materials Today 2025年 86卷 42-51页

作者： Biswas, Abhijit Serles, Peter Alvarez, Gustavo A. Schimpf, Jesse Hache, Michel Kong, Jonathan Demingos, Pedro Guerra Yuan, Bo Pieshkov, Tymofii S. Li, Chenxi Puthirath, Anand B. Gao, Bin Gray, Tia Zhang, Xiang Murukeshan, Jishnu Vajtai, Robert Dai, Pengcheng Singh, Chandra Veer Howe, Jane Zou, Yu Martin, Lane W. Clancy, James Patrick Tian, Zhiting Filleter, Tobin Ajayan, Pulickel M. Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering University of Toronto 5 King's College Road TorontoM5S 3G8 Canada Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto 184 College St TorontoM5S 3E4 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy McMaster University HamiltonL8S 4M1 Canada Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley94720 United States

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a brittle ceramic with a layered structure, however, recent experiments have suggested that inter-layer structural engineering could be key to new structural and functional properties. Here we report the scalable bulk synthesis of high-density crystalline h-BN solids, by using high-temperature spark plasma sintering (SPS) of h-BN powders, which show high values of mechanical strength, ductility, dielectric constant, thermal conductivity, and exceptional neutron radiation shielding capability. Through exhaustive characterizations we reveal that SPS induces non-basal plane crystallinity, twisting of layers, and facilitates inter-grain fusion with a high degree of in-plane alignment across macroscale dimensions, resulting in near-theoretical density and improved properties. Our findings highlight the importance of material design, via new approaches such as layer twisting and interlayer interconnections, to create novel ceramics with properties that could go beyond their intrinsic limits. © 2025

关键词： Ductility

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Titanium nitride nanoparticles as plasmonic nanothermometers

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Optics Express 2025年第4期33卷 6758-6770页

作者： Sarabia-Alonso, Julio Aurelio Pasos, Emmanuel Vidales Belamkar, Aishwarya Wagner, Brandon Mangolini, Lorenzo Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Riverside 900 University Ave. RiversideCA92521 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside 900 University Ave. RiversideCA92521 United States

The capability of measuring the temperature at nanometer length scales is highly desirable and useful in numerous fields such as plasmonics, biomedicine, and nanochemistry. Precise and easy-to-implement temperature measurements at these scales would enable the investigation of fundamental processes that occur, for instance, during the synthesis of nanomaterials, or the conversion of electromagnetic energy into thermal one (photothermal conversion). Here, we demonstrate that titanium nitride nanoparticles are effective nanothermometers whose temperature can be measured optically in a reliable and reproducible manner. We leverage the Raman signal from these nanomaterials to measure their temperature, and we do so in two different ways: using the phononic signature induced by the presence of native oxide and using the electronic anti-stoke Raman signal induced by the free electrons in the material. Our findings confirm that titanium nitride nanoparticles, which are already an earth-abundant, low-cost alternative to gold nanoparticles, are also a versatile tool for nanothermometry. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Titanium nitride

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Energy Transfer Mechanisms in Large Low-Bandgap Polymers from Time-Resolved Experiments and Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics Calculations

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Chemistry of materials 2025年第10期37卷 3769-3775页

作者： Phun, Gabriel S. Kern, Dana B. Sfeir, Matthew Y. Azoulay, Jason D. Wong, Bryan M. Department of Chemistry Department of Physics & Astronomy Materials Science & Engineering Program University of California-Riverside Riverside 92521 CA United States School of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta 30332 GA United States Materials Science Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden 80401 CO United States

Conjugated polymers offer unprecedented chemical tunability for modulating energy transfer in a multitude of infrared light applications. In this work, we use a combination of time-resolved spectroscopic experiments and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics calculations to probe the photochemistry and nonradiative transitions in a recently synthesized narrow bandgap donor-acceptor conjugated polymer based on alternating cyclopentadithiophene and electronegative benzothiadiazole heterocycles. Using large-scale semi-empirical nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, which can treat a large 260-atom hexamer, we calculate an S₅ → S₁ lifetime of 34.75 fs, which is consistent with our time-resolved spectroscopic data. Our simulations suggest that vibronic motions of the central carbons in the cyclopentadithiophene functional groups are predominantly involved in the nonradiative transitions, and the excitation becomes more localized on a monomer fragment over time. The combined use of time-resolved experiments and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics calculations in this work provides mechanistic insight into chemical functionalities that can be tuned to enhance energy transfer in other prospective low-bandgap polymer materials. © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： Spectroscopic analysis

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Femtosecond laser-induced KOH etching for in-volume microfluidic channels in corning EagleXG glass

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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 2025年 1-11页

作者： Choi, Kyeonggon Kim, Sung-Il Kim, Seung-Wook Park, Cheol-Woo Lee, Jae-Hyoung Chu, Baojin Kim, Hojong Jeong, Dae-Yong Program in Semiconductor Convergence Department of Materials Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon South Korea Corning Technology Center Korea Corning Precision Materials Asan South Korea Regional Leading Research Center for Smart Energy System Kyungpook National University Sangju South Korea School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA United States

Conventional planar or two-dimensional (2D) microfluidic channels have traditionally been fabricated using polymer materials. Although these materials are widely applied across various fields, they exhibit significant limitations, including low throughput, restricted fluid flow rates, and limited particle-handling efficiency. In addition, polymer-based channels have issues such as low thermal and pressure tolerance, inadequate chemical resistance, and challenges with leakage and bonding integrity. In contrast, glass presents a promising alternative due to its superior optical properties, long-term stability, high temperature and chemical resistance, and minimal sample adsorption. However, the complexity of the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication processes has historically hindered the use of glass in microfluidics. In this study, we introduce a novel method for fabricating in-volume 3D microfluidic channels within glass substrates via selective laser-induced etching. Using a femtosecond laser with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, we etched the CORNING EagleXG glass substrate under various laser parameters to optimize etching conditions. Etching process was conducted at 100 °C with durations ranging from 6 to 42 h, producing channel lengths from 147.33 μm (6 h) to 556.66 μm (42 h) and channel diameters ranging from 11.15 μm to 49.72 μm, respectively. This study demonstrates the process parameters necessary for reliable 3D microfluidic channel fabrication in glass. The findings demonstrate an effective fabrication approach that significantly expands the potential applications of glass microfluidic channels, especially using EagleXG glass, marking a promising advancement in the field. © The Korean Ceramic Society 2025.

关键词： EagleXG glass Femtosecond laser KOH Microfluidic channel Selective laser-induced etching Wet etching

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Biogas and biohydrogen production using the main agricultural biomasses generated in Brazil: An integrative analysis to contribute to the implementation of energy decarbonization

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 137卷 190-201页

作者： dos Santos, Maele Costa Nadaleti, Willian Cezar Przybyla, Grzegozr Machado, Jones Bittencourt Environmental and Energy Engineering Lab – LEAE Engineering Center – CEng Postgraduation Program in Environmental Sciences - PPGCAmb The Federal University of Pelotas – UFPel Rio Grande do Sul Pelotas Brazil Department of Thermal Technology Silesian University of Technology Poland Post-graduation Program in Materials Science and Engineering - PPGCEM. The Federal University of Pelotas – UFPel Rio Grande do Sul Pelotas Brazil

The use of bioenergy feedstocks, agricultural and forest residues constitute a viable decarbonization design with regards to biofuel production. Nevertheless, aspects within agriculture that can be related to this process for instance, include: technology and infrastructure, policies, land use, environmental factors among others. Solving these challenges needs research, technological intervention, supportive policies and acclaimed association among agriculture and energy departments, especially considering that agricultural and forest residues are an abundant source of biomass which can be converted into renewable energy, for example, biogas and hydrogen. This study provides an assessment of the capacity for generating biogas and biohydrogen using the primary biomasses produced in Brazil's agricultural sector, specifically from rice, corn, soybeans, and wheat as alternative bioenergy resources. Data regarding production and waste creation were collected from the Statistical and Geographical Information of Brazilian Agriculture at the Institute of Geography and Statistics of Brazil and the Energy Research Company. Corn and Soybean straw showed the highest potentials for biohydrogen (PH) production, accounting to 6,67 E+09 m3/year and 5,56 E+09 m3/year respectively. The energy production using the generated biogas showed the most satisfactory results compared to biohydrogen, with the highest generation values of 222 TWh of energy for corn straw, 187 TWh for soybean straw. The total accumulated biogas and biohydrogen produced from the residual biomass of Brazil's four main permanent crops was approximately 8.25 E+10 and 1.33 E+10 m3/year, respectively. The generation of biogas and hydrogen holds significant potential for fostering a more sustainable energy future. By utilizing the unique advantages of these two methods—biogas as a waste-to-energy option and hydrogen as a clean and adaptable energy source—we can develop a more robust, varied, and low-carbon energy frame

关键词： Straw

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Correction: materials laboratories of the future for alloys, amorphous, and composite materials (MRS Bulletin, (2025), 50, 2, (190-207), 10.1557/s43577-024-00846-y)

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MRS Bulletin 2025年 1-2页

作者： Banerjee, Sarbajit Meng, Y. Shirley Minor, Andrew M. Zhang, Minghao Zaluzec, Nestor J. Chan, Maria K.Y. Seidler, Gerald McComb, David W. Agar, Joshua Mukherjee, Partha P. Melot, Brent Chapman, Karena Guiton, Beth S. Klie, Robert F. McCue, Ian D. Voyles, Paul M. Robertson, Ian Li, Ling Chi, Miaofang Destino, Joel F. Devaraj, Arun Marquis, Emmanuelle A. Segre, Carlo U. Liu, Huinan H. Yang, Judith C. Momeni, Kasra Misra, Amit Abdolrahim, Niaz Medvedeva, Julia E. Cai, Wenjun Sehirlioglu, Alp Dizbay-Onat, Melike Mehta, Apurva Graham-Brady, Lori Maruyama, Benji Rajan, Krishna Warner, Jamie H. Taheri, Mitra L. Kalinin, Sergei V. Reeja-Jayan, B. Schwarz, Udo D. Simon, Sindee L. Brown, Craig M. Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science & Engineering Texas A & M University College Station United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley United States National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley United States Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Lemont United States Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel University Philadelphia United States School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette United States Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles United States Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University The State University of New York Stony Brook United States Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington United States Department of Physics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Bangladesh Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham United States Department of Chemistry Creighton University Omaha United States Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan–Ann Arbor Ann Arbor United States Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago United States Department of Bioengineering and the Mater

This article was updated to correct Minghao Zhang’s affiliation from "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA" to "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA;Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, USA." Argonne National Laboratory was left off the original publication. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Self SOC Estimation for Second-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 75033-75042页

作者： Gotz, Joelton Deonei Viana, Emilson Ribeiro Galvão, José Rodolfo Corrêa, Fernanda Cristina Borsato, Milton Badin, Alceu André Paraná Curitiba81280-340 Brazil Department of Computer Science Paraná Curitiba80215-901 Brazil Department of Physics Paraná Curitiba81280-340 Brazil Paraná Ponta Grossa80230-901 Brazil Postgraduate Program in Mechanical and Materials Engineering Paraná Curitiba81280-340 Brazil

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are the mainstream technology for energy storage in several industrial segments, such as mobility and stationary systems for solar, wind, or other alternative energy source. This technology has a long lifetime, low self-discharge, high capacity and density, and can store energy longer. Despite that, LIB is suitable to supply power for electric mobility if its state of health (SOH) is higher than 80%. Then, an alternative for batteries with SOH below that is recycling or second-life batteries (SLB). The first is expensive and complex;only some companies retain the technology. Still, the SLB can be an excellent solution to maintaining LIBs in operation for slow vehicles or stationary systems. However, SLB requires intelligent battery management systems (BMS) because the packs are composed of cells with different characteristics, which makes the operation more difficult. This work presents a system consisting of two Machine Learning (ML) layers to automatically estimate the state of charge (SOC) of SLB independent of the battery’s capacity or age. In the first phase, a Random Forest (RF) model was built and trained to discover the curve capacity of different SLB characteristics and capacities. After the capacity curve selection, in the second phase, a new RF model was built and trained for each capacity curve to make SOC inferences of the batteries. The discharge data curve of one hundred batteries was used for the development, whereas eighteen were used for the training and eighty-two for tests. The results indicated a root square mean error (RSME) below 45 mAh for the capacity estimation (phase 1), and an RSME below 0.87% was found in the second phase for the SOC estimation. Finally, the capacity and SOC models have been inserted in a Raspberry system to measure the main parameters of SLB (voltage and current) and make inferences in real time independent of the cell’s age. The results showed an RSME below 100 mAh for the first layer and be

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Numerical Modeling of C45 Steel to Predict the Temperature Ranges for Activation of Dynamic Strain Aging at Different Strain Rates 8th

Numerical Modeling of C45 Steel to Predict the Temperature R...

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8th International Conference on Manufacturing, Material and Metallurgical engineering, ICMMME 2024

作者： Hassan, Arhum Abed, Farid Materials Science and Engineering Program College of Arts and Sciences American University of Sharjah Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Civil Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9783031782947

This work predicts the temperature ranges for dynamic strain aging (DSA) activation in C45 steel at various strain rates through constitutive modeling and finite element (FE) simulations. DSA is often defined by a sudden increase in a metal’s strength when subjected to specific combinations of strain rates and temperatures due to the interaction of the diffused solute atoms with dislocations, and there is currently no effective constitutive model in the literature that can explain DSA physically. The current study offers a modification to the Voyiadjis–Abed (VA) model, which is used to predict DSA activation in C45 steel, in order to address this limitation. The modified constitutive model considers the diffusion kinetics and concentration of solute atom along the dislocation cores. The developed model was able to capture the activation of DSA in C45 steel at strain rates of 0.0015/s-0.15/s and temperature ranges of 500 K-750 K, which was found to be caused by carbon solute atoms. Additionally, FE simulations were carried out in ABAQUS through subroutine coded as VUMAT to validate the modified VA model’s prediction abilities. The results obtained compare effectively with the available experimental data. By integrating physical and microstructural features, the modified constitutive VA model can effectively capture the increase in flow stress due to the activation of DSA. This enables further investigation and progress in understanding the behavior of metals under specified temperature and strain rate conditions. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Digital elevation model

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A comparative study of the structural and optoelectronic properties of Al- and Ga-doped ZnO films deposited by atmospheric pressure plasma jet

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1031卷

作者： Chou, Chih-Yun Chiu, Po-Han Chao, Yin-Chun Yen, Hung-Wei Juang, Jia-Yang Program in Nanoengineering and Nanoscience Graduate School of Advanced Technology National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan

The high cost of gallium has driven interest in aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) as a cost-effective alternative to gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO). While prior studies have primarily focused on sputtering methods to compare AZO and GZO, research on non-sputtering techniques remains limited. Our previous works demonstrated favorable optoelectronic properties in GZO films deposited via atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ);however, APPJ-deposited AZO has yet to be explored. In this study, we compare AZO and GZO thin films fabricated by APPJ under ambient conditions. We find that the deposition rate of AZO is approximately twice that of GZO under the same processing parameters, due to differences in droplet size from the ultrasonic generator. By adjusting precursor delivery and working distance (the nozzle-to-substrate gap), we can tune film thickness, morphology, and optoelectronic properties, showcasing APPJ's versatility over sputtering. Despite similar precursor concentrations and film thickness, AZO films exhibit lower carrier concentration (∼1 ×1020 cm–3) and mobility (∼7.5 cm2/Vs) than GZO (∼8 ×1020 cm–3 and ∼15 cm²/Vs), attributed to reduced aluminum incorporation (∼0.4 at% vs. ∼2.2 at% in GZO). Reducing the working distance from 2 mm to 1.5 mm improves both films’ structural integrity and optoelectronic performance (figure of merit increases by 140 % for GZO and 100 % for AZO). However, AZO remains inferior to GZO, highlighting the need for further optimization. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Transparent conducting oxides

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Efficient Recycling of Magnesium Alloys via Partial Distillation Using Gravity-Multiple Effect Thermal System (G-METS)

Efficient Recycling of Magnesium Alloys via Partial Distilla...

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Magnesium Technology Symposium, 2025, held as part of the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, TMS 2025

作者： McArthur Sehar, Daniel Saito, Kenichi Telgerafchi, Armaghan Gallego, Maya Sridhar, Meera Iurkovskyi, Artem Powell, Adam Department of Materials Science and Engineering Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute 100 Institute Rd. WorcesterMA01609 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Shibaura Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute WorcesterMA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031810602

MagnesiumMagnesium’s remarkable stiffnessStiffness-to-weight and high strengthStrength-to-weight ratios could enable substantial vehicle lightweighting versus aluminum and steel. However, primary production is very energy- and emissions-intensive, and recyclingRecycling cannot cost-effectively produce magnesiumMagnesium of sufficient purity for die casting and other structural applications. Distillation can produce high-purity magnesiumMagnesium but is capital- and energy-intensive. Gravity-Driven Multiple Effect Thermal System (G-METS) is a continuous low-pressure magnesiumMagnesium distillation process used in primary production or recyclingRecycling in which heat re-use leads to just 0.5–1 kWh energy consumption per kgMg Mg product—which is 80–90% less energy than current Mg distillation. This paper presents new partial distillation experiments showing 99.96% product purity. An industrial distiller design can help to estimate capital costs. New modeling work describes temperature and pressure change in the vapor conduit, energy use and losses in the industrial distiller, and effects of evaporator flow vanes on the separation of volatile elements such as zinc. © The Minerals, Metals & materials Society 2025.

关键词： Magnesium alloys

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