A continuing challenge in engineering in higher education is that of professional equity regarding opportunity for advancement and job satisfaction due to differences in gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, ab...
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A four semester Earth Sustainability-therned general education curriculum was developed by Virginia Tech in response to urgent calls for a more seamless integration of liberal and technical education. It provides a ba...
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The extension of microelectronics to new frontiers that include MEMS, nanotechnology, flexible electronics, biotechnology, energy and solid state lighting is inevitable. Development of a necessary multi faceted work f...
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Drag force and normal force are measured in real time for spots taken on optical glasses and hard ceramics using the magnetorheological finishing (MRF) process. Removal rates increase nonlinearly with shear stress for...
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The solar grade silicon ingot produced from directional solidification process usually pushes the impurities to the top and finally cut off and discarded, which leads to material loss. The hard inclusions lead to wire...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780873397261
The solar grade silicon ingot produced from directional solidification process usually pushes the impurities to the top and finally cut off and discarded, which leads to material loss. The hard inclusions lead to wire breakages during the cutting of the ingot in wafers. The main kinds of inclusions found in solar grade silicon have been investigated using vacuum filtration: needle-like Si3N4 and lumpy SiC inclusions. Clusters of SiC inclusions and Si3N4 are also found. Surface observations of the scraps before polishing reveals that Si 3N4 inclusions are usually bigger and in some cases can be about a few millimeters. SiC inclusions are usually smaller, ∼200m but can be ∼500m in some cases. Inclusions observed after filtration are mainly SiC with diameters ∼10m. Through the vacuum filtration, 99% inclusions can be removed 99%. The possible mechanisms of filtration are cake filtration for the larger sized Si3N4 and SiC inclusions and deep-bed filtration the SiC inclusions. For the directional solidified silicon ingot, an approximate distance of ∼10mm gave an encouraging cutoff thickness. The inclusions sizes were below 10m.
X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to analyze phase and microstructure evolution in a commercial metastable austenitic stainless steel - AISI 301, which have been cold-ro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780873397186
X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to analyze phase and microstructure evolution in a commercial metastable austenitic stainless steel - AISI 301, which have been cold-rolled to 52% reduction and subsequently annealed at 600C, 800C, and 1000C, for periods of short annealing times (1, 10 and 100 seconds). These studies reveal that the 52% cold-rolled AISI 301 stainless steel primarily consists of martensite microstructure. Annealing these cold-rolled samples at 600C for short durations (1 and 10 seconds) results in negligible martensite to austenite reversion. However, the X-Ray diffraction data from samples annealed at higher temperature of 800C suggests austenite reversion and M23C6 carbide precipitation in these samples, which is confirmed by TEM images. Carbide precipitation is also observed in the images of samples annealed 1000C Since carbide precipitation typically occurs in carbon containing stainless steel alloys that are annealed for long durations (>0.1 hours/360 seconds) we report for the first time, carbide precipitation in a short annealed (1, 10 and 100 seconds) commercial austentitic stainless steel.
The final coating structure is important in terms of coating gloss and opacity, print gloss, and ink setting characteristics. Much empirical experience has moved coatings towards optimum levels, but when there is a ra...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595101748
The final coating structure is important in terms of coating gloss and opacity, print gloss, and ink setting characteristics. Much empirical experience has moved coatings towards optimum levels, but when there is a raw material change or grade change, there is much expense in predicting the final coating structure. Many recent computer models have advanced our abilities to predict coating structure from particle packing models, but little has been done to describe the calendering operation that is known to determine coating gloss. Here, a particle level model to describe the compression of pigments to simulate the calendering operation is proposed. Particles are placed into a structure with a drainage flow field and compressed with a row of particles that represent the calender surface. The results are compared to pilot scale experiments for two pigment size distributions. The gloss increase due to calendering and the pore size distributions are well predicted before and after calendering. The modeling technique should help predict the gloss response of coating suspensions with various pigment size distributions.
A spotting technique using the magnetorheological finishing (MRF) process s applied to measurements of drag force for optical glasses. In situ measurement results are reported as a function of substrate surface roughn...
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Ultrathin nanofilm coatings are proposed as novel dual-purpose materials for sensor applications. Flux-based biosensors, such as those employing enzymes, require incorporation of a diffusion-limiting coating to balanc...
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Ultrathin nanofilm coatings are proposed as novel dual-purpose materials for sensor applications. Flux-based biosensors, such as those employing enzymes, require incorporation of a diffusion-limiting coating to balance the incoming substrates with reaction kinetics to obtain a measurable signal. Furthermore, if the sensors will be used in vivo, the outer surface must be biocompatible, which requires resistance to adsorption of proteins. An attractive solution for controlling diffusion and blocking nonspecific adsorption is the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method, which allows for the construction of nanocomposite ultrathin films comprising multiple layers of polymers with alternating charge. This paper describes the construction and characterization of nanofilms with different compositions to assess their biocompatibility and permeability to model analytes such as glucose and urea.
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