Zn−MnO 2 batteries have attracted extensive attention for grid-scale energy storage applications, however, the energy storage chemistry of MnO 2 in mild acidic aqueous electrolytes remains elusive and controversial. U...
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Zn−MnO 2 batteries have attracted extensive attention for grid-scale energy storage applications, however, the energy storage chemistry of MnO 2 in mild acidic aqueous electrolytes remains elusive and controversial. Using α-MnO 2 as a case study, we developed a methodology by coupling conventional coin batteries with customized beaker batteries to pinpoint the operating mechanism of Zn−MnO 2 batteries. This approach visually simulates the operating state of batteries in different scenarios and allows for a comprehensive study of the operating mechanism of aqueous Zn−MnO 2 batteries under mild acidic conditions. It is validated that the electrochemical performance can be modulated by controlling the addition of Mn 2+ to the electrolyte. The method is utilized to systematically eliminate the possibility of Zn 2+ and/or H + intercalation/de-intercalation reactions, thereby confirming the dominance of the MnO 2 /Mn 2+ dissolution-deposition mechanism. By combining a series of phase and spectroscopic characterizations, the compositional, morphological and structural evolution of electrodes and electrolytes during battery cycling is probed, elucidating the intrinsic battery chemistry of MnO 2 in mild acid electrolytes. Such a methodology developed can be extended to other energy storage systems, providing a universal approach to accurately identify the reaction mechanism of aqueous aluminum-ion batteries as well.
We report on the fabrication of a macroporous silicon diode that successfully operates in a photovoltaic mode of energy conversion. Typical device structures are fabricated on 4″, Cz grown, , p-type, 5 – 30 Ω-cm, S...
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Basaltic rocks occur widely on the terrestrial planets and differentiated asteroids, including the asteroid 4 Vesta. We conducted a shock recovery experiment with decaying compressive pulses on a terrestrial basalt at...
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This work introduces compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems and their role in mitigating the lag between energy supply and demand. The concept of energy storage relies on storing energy during periods of low dem...
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This work introduces compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems and their role in mitigating the lag between energy supply and demand. The concept of energy storage relies on storing energy during periods of low demand to supply it during periods of high demand, where CAES stands as a scalable solution with the ability to house ancillary systems in order to harvest useful effects such as expansion cooling. CAES on its own compares well with electrochemical batteries, while bearing a simpler system design and less stringent operational requirements; however, with the integration of thermal management the role of CAES can be extended to produce chilled water that can be used for cooling applications. Not only does expansion cooling broaden the utilization of CAES, it has also enhanced the energetic efficiency of the system by 4%. Future work within the scope of CAES includes the integration of heat pipes and latent heat energy storage, and experimenting with different working gases.
Putty elastomeric material is a viscous, moldable material that can be used as a dental impression to record and duplicate the tooth structure. Commercially available putty materials are hardly found in the Indonesian...
Putty elastomeric material is a viscous, moldable material that can be used as a dental impression to record and duplicate the tooth structure. Commercially available putty materials are hardly found in the Indonesian market. The aim of this work is to develop an alternative putty dental material from glutinous rice with two different gelling agents; sodium alginate and bovine gelatine. A commercially putty material was used as a control. The length of time required for the putty materials to set (setting time) was evaluated with compression set test. The result showed that sodium alginate and bovine gelatine gelling agents resulted in moldable putty materials that comparable to the commercial product. Glutinous rice mixed with sodium alginate gelling agent demonstrated longer setting time (more than 1 hours) compared to bovine gelatine (6 minutes). These may occur due to heat treatment applied to the bovine gelatine, while sodium alginate mixture has a chemical reaction since CaCl2 crosslink agent had been added to the mixture. Glutinous rice with bovine gelatine mixture is a promising candidate to be used as a dental putty material.
This work reiterates the potential of buoyancy work energy storage (BWES) systems which has been presented in previously published experimental-based literature. The concept of buoyancy work can be grasped when studyi...
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This work reiterates the potential of buoyancy work energy storage (BWES) systems which has been presented in previously published experimental-based literature. The concept of buoyancy work can be grasped when studying the operation of mobility devices such as hot air balloons or boats, where buoyancy plays a key role in keeping them afloat. Conventional experimental BWES systems that were studied in previous literature consist of a water tank, a submergible buoy, a motor/generator carrying out the charging/discharging processes, respectively, and a data acquisition interface. It is interesting to see the progression of this technology at lab scale, where initial designs included the use of a barrel as the water tank, and Styrofoam cut-outs as buoys. One design utilized a ring with multiple Styrofoam buoys attached to it, and it was later enhanced by adding helical engravings to the buoys' surface to affect its interaction with water positively during descension and ascension. The latest study added to this timeline of ongoing development investigates the effect of different buoy materials, surface coatings, buoy infill gasses, and load.
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