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Cascaded multiparameter quantum metrology

Physical Review A 2025年第1期111卷 012618-012618页

作者： Gregory Krueper Lior Cohen Juliet T. Gopinath Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

We present an innovative, platform-independent concept for multiparameter sensing where the measurable parameters are in series, or cascaded, enabling measurements as a function of position. With temporally resolved detection, we show that squeezing can give a quantum enhancement in sensitivity over that of classical states by a factor of e2r, where r≈1 is the squeezing parameter. As an example, we have modeled an interferometer that senses multiple phase shifts along the same path, demonstrating a maximal quantum advantage by combining a coherent state with squeezed vacuum. Further classical modeling with up to 100 phases shows linear scaling potential for adding nodes to the sensor. The approach can be applied to remote sensing, geophysical surveying, and infrastructure monitoring.

关键词： Interferometers

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Diffractive Imaging of Transient Electronic Coherences in Molecules with Electron Vortices

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第7期134卷 073001-073001页

作者： Haowei Wu Haiwang Yong Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA

Direct imaging of transient electronic coherences in molecules has been challenging, with the potential to control electron motions and influence reaction outcomes. We propose a novel time-resolved vortex electron diffraction technique to spatially resolve transient electronic coherences in isolated molecules. By analyzing helical dichroism diffraction signals, the contribution of electronic populations cancels out, isolating the purely electronic coherence signals. This allows direct monitoring of the time evolution and decoherence of transient electronic coherences in molecules.

关键词： Molecules

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Two-dimensional multiferroic NbPc COF with strong magnetoelectric coupling and room-temperature ferroelectricity

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Wei Zhu, Dongyang Dong, Shuai Zhang, Jun-Jie Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices Ministry of Education School of Physics Southeast University Nanjing211189 China Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

The realization of two-dimensional multiferroics offers significant potential for nanoscale device functionality. However, type-I two-dimensional multiferroics with strong magnetoelectric coupling, enabling electric field control of spin, remain scarce. In this study, using density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations, we predict that the niobium phthalocyanine covalent organic framework (NbPc COF) monolayer exhibits type-I multiferroic behavior, with a ferroelectric transition occurring above room temperature. Remarkably, the strong magnetoelectric coupling in NbPc COF monolayer arises from the same origin of magnetism and ferroelectricity. Our findings offer flexible pathways for the design and development of organic nanoscale multiferroic devices with broad applications. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Ferroelectricity

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A novel photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) system using nano-enhanced micro-encapsulated PCM slurry for steam production: A numerical study

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2025年 27卷

作者： Azmeer, Ahmed Sheikh, Yahya Kanjo, Hasan A. Sabouni, Hamzeh Physical Science and Engineering Department King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Materials Science and Engineering Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

As industries reliant on steam-based processes strive to reduce fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions, interest in renewable technologies, particularly photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems that generate both thermal and electrical energy, is increasing. However, the limited thermal performance of PVT systems remains a key barrier. Traditional working fluids, such as water, nanofluids, and phase change material (PCM) slurries, exhibit low thermal conductivity, poor temperature regulation, and inefficient heat storage. To address these issues, a novel working fluid incorporating graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles into microencapsulated PCM (MPCM) slurry is proposed. The integration of GO nanoparticles not only enhances the dispersion stability of the MPCM slurry but also significantly increases its thermal conductivity, leading to improved heat dissipation from PV cells. A comprehensive CFD investigation is conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2021, employing an Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase model to simulate the three-phase flow. In this model, water serves as the primary phase, while GO nanoparticles and MPCM function as secondary dispersed phases. The results demonstrate that increasing the GO volume fraction from 0 to 0.005 reduces average PV cell temperatures by up to 5°C at 40°C. Additionally, the nano-enhanced MPCM slurry achieves a thermal efficiency of 88.1 % and an electrical efficiency of 10.3 %. It is also found that using MPCM slurry as the working fluid, a 15 % volume fraction of MPCM with a melting point of 40°C achieves the highest thermal efficiency of 90.1 %, outperforming water by 20.1 % and surpassing previous studies on MPCM slurry and nanofluids. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Nanofluidics

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Symmetry-Based Phenomenological Model for Magnon Transport in a Multiferroic

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第1期134卷 016703-016703页

作者： Isaac A. Harris Sajid Husain Peter Meisenheimer Maya Ramesh Hyeon Woo Park Lucas Caretta Darrell G. Schlom Zhi Yao Lane W. Martin Department of Physics University of California Berkeley California USA Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley California USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York USA Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejon Korea School of Engineering Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Ithaca New York 14853 USA Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung Max-Born-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston Texas USA Department of Chemistry Rice University Houston Texas USA Rice Advanced Materials Institute Rice University Houston Texas USA

Magnons—carriers of spin information—can be controlled by electric fields in the multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO), a milestone that brings magnons closer to application in future devices. The origin of magnon-spin currents in BFO, however, is not fully understood due to BFO’s complicated magnetic texture. In this Letter, we present a phenomenological model to elucidate the existence of magnon spin currents in generalized multiferroics by examining the symmetries inherent to their magnetic and polar structures. This model is grounded in experimental data obtained from BFO and its derivatives, which informs the symmetry operations and resultant magnon behavior. By doing so, we address the issue of symmetry-allowed, switchable magnon spin transport in multiferroics, thereby establishing a critical framework for comprehending magnon transport within complex magnetic textures.

关键词： Electric fields

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Integral X-ray diffuse scattering for studying irradiation-induced dislocation loops in single crystals

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Journal of Applied Crystallography 2025年第Pt 2期58卷 302-320页

作者： Schwendeman, Brandon Larson, Bennett C. Simmonds, Michael J. Schwarz-Selinger, Thomas Faulhaber, Sabine Baldwin, Matthew J. Tynan, George R. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive San DiegoCA92093-0411 United States Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Emeritus Oak RidgeTN37831-6138 United States Center for Energy Research University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA92093-0416 United States Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik Boltzmannstrasse 2 GarchingD-85748 Germany Department of Nanoengineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive San DiegoCA92093-0448 United States

Numerical diffuse scattering cross-section calculations are used to establish a rigorous basis for determining the concentration and size distribution of dislocation loops in irradiated single crystals from integral X-ray diffuse scattering (XRDS) measurements. Differential XRDS intensities for prismatic {111} type dislocation loops are numerically calculated as a function of loop radius R and wavevectors q relative to Bragg reflections in tungsten. The results show the well known 1/q2 Huang scattering form at small q that transitions to a ∼1/q4 dependence associated with the Stokes-Wilson approximation for q 1/R. More importantly, they show further that the 1/q4 falloff is not the asymptotic large-q form of the diffuse scattering for small loops (R 5 falloff at larger q that arises due to the local strains near the dislocation core defining the circumference of the dislocation loops. The presence of this 1/q5 asymptotic form for both small and large loops is experimentally confirmed using an integral XRDS measurement around the 110 reflection on self-ion-irradiated tungsten combined with numerically calculated integral XRDS cross-sections. Accordingly, the historical two-region theoretical treatment of the cross-sections for integral XRDS is extended to a three-region model that has direct sensitivity to the (first-moment) dislocation line lengths of dislocation loops. These developments enable the use of both numerical and analytically modeled cross-sections to make accurate integral XRDS determinations of dislocation loop sizes and concentrations using modest-intensity laboratory X-ray sources. © Brandon Schwendeman et al. 2025.

关键词： Dislocations (crystals)

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Positive-tone Tin-oxo Nanoclusters for Extreme UV lithography 42

Positive-tone Tin-oxo Nanoclusters for Extreme UV lithograph...

引用

Advances in Patterning materials and Processes XLII

作者： Kim, Gayoung Ku, Yejin Jeon, Subin Lee, Jin-Kyun Lee, Seohyun Jung, Byung Jun Lee, Sung-Il Ryu, Choonghan Park, Kangho Jung, Yun Lim Jeong, Changyoung Choi, Jin Program in in Environment and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 South Korea Program in Semiconductor Convergence Inha University Incheon 22212 South Korea Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Seoul Seoul 02504 South Korea Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Semiconductor R&D Center Suwon 18448 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781510686427

In this study, we propose a strategy to achieve positive metal oxide resists (pMORs) based on tin-oxo nanoclusters (TOCs) for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography in high-performance semiconductor integrated circuit manufacturing. TOC possesses Lewis acidic properties and becomes more strongly acidic upon ligand dissociation when exposed to high-energy radiation, such as electron beam (e-beam) and EUV. During the subsequent development process using an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), a Lewis base, the exposed regions undergo Lewis acid-base interactions, leading to increased hydrophilicity. Ultimately, this results in enhanced solubility, enabling the formation of positive-tone patterns. To address the limitations of TOCs, particularly in terms of process margin and chemical stability, we mixed TOCs with small organic molecules containing phenolic hydroxyl groups, which act as Lewis bases. This modification effectively mitigated the shortcomings of TOCs. A TOC formulation containing 10% dendritic polyphenol (DPP) exhibited an improved dissolution contrast while simultaneously enhancing chemical stability. Using this in EUV lithography, we successfully achieved high resolution positive-tone patterns with a line width of 13 nm. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： E-beam lithography Extreme UV lithography metal oxide resist Tin-oxo nanocluster

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The growing memristor industry

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Nature 2025年第8059期640卷 613-622页

作者： Lanza, Mario Pazos, Sebastian Aguirre, Fernando Sebastian, Abu Le Gallo, Manuel Alam, Syed M. Ikegawa, Sumio Yang, J. Joshua Vianello, Elisa Chang, Meng-Fan Molas, Gabriel Naveh, Ishai Ielmini, Daniele Liu, Ming Roldan, Juan B. Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Materials Science and Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Intrinsic Semiconductor Technologies London United Kingdom IBM Research – Zurich Rüschlikon Switzerland Everspin Technologies Chandler AZ United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States CEA-Leti Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France Department of Electrical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Weebit Nano Hod Hasharon Israel Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB) Politecnico di Milano and *** Milano Italy Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores Universidad de Granada Facultad de Ciencias Granada Spain

The semiconductor industry is experiencing an accelerated transformation to overcome the scaling limits of the transistor and to adapt to new requirements in terms of data storage and computation, especially driven by artificial intelligence applications and the Internet of Things. In this process, new materials, devices, integration strategies and system architectures are being developed and optimized. Among them, memristive devices and circuits—memristors are two-terminal memory devices that can also mimic some basic bioelectronic functions—offer a potential approach to create more compact, energy-efficient or better-performing systems. The memristor industry is growing quickly, raising abundant capital investment, creating new jobs and placing advanced products in the market. Here we analyse the status and prospects of the memristor industry, focusing on memristor-based products that are already commercially available, prototypes with a high technological readiness level that might affect the market in the near future, and discuss obstacles and pathways to their implementation. © Springer Nature Limited 2025.

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A novel approach to fabricating SUS 316L steel foam using material extrusion additive manufacturing technology

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Journal of materials Research and Technology 2025年 36卷 8219-8229页

作者： Noh-Geon Song So-Yeon Park Jung-Yeul Yun Ju-Yong Kim Kee-Ahn Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea Program in Semiconductor Convergence Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea Metal Powder Department Korea Institute of Materials Science Changwon 51508 Republic of Korea Reprotech Suwon-si 16229 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea

This study introduces a novel method for manufacturing porous SUS316L using the metal material extrusion (MEX) process and examines the effects of the powder particle size on the pore structure, gas flowability, and mechanical properties. SUS316L foams were fabricated using powders with average sizes of 50 μm and 8 μm. Open pore diameters were approximately 10 μm for the 50 μm foam and 2 μm for the 8 μm foam. Gas flowability measurements revealed that the 50 μm foam exhibited slope values suitable for filtration applications, whereas the 8 μm foam showed lower flowability due to a reduced pore fraction and size. Compressive testing indicated yield strengths of 82.57 MPa and 141.33 MPa for the 50 μm and 8 μm foams, respectively, demonstrating superior strength-to-weight ratios compared to SUS316L foams fabricated by conventional methods and surpassing the mechanical performance of commercial 316L filters manufactured by powder metallurgy process. These findings highlight the capability of MEX in producing porous SUS316L structures with tunable pores and mechanical properties for various applications.

关键词： Material extrusion additive manufacturing 316L stainless steel Foam Compressive property Gas flowability

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Corrosion characteristics of heat-treated biomedical grade 316L stainless steel in simulated body fluids

Results in Materials

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Results in materials 2025年 26卷

作者： Kibambe, Ngeleshi Michel Obadele, Babatunde Abiodun Babalola, Bukola Joseph Anamu, Ufoma Silas Olubambi, Peter Apata Centre for Nanoengineering and Advanced Materials (CeNAM) School of Mining Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering University of Johannesburg Johannesburg 2092 South Africa Department of Chemical Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Botswana International University of Science and Technology Palapye South Africa Department of Chemical Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa

In this study, we investigated the corrosion behaviour of heat-treated biomedical grade 316L Stainless Steel (SS 316L) in simulated body fluids. SS 316L is widely used in biomedical applications due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Nonetheless, concerns about its susceptibility to corrosion in physiological environments persist. To mitigate these concerns, heat treatment was employed to enhance the material's corrosion resistance by modifying its microstructure. Specimens underwent heat treatment at varying temperatures (1050–1200 °C) for 1 h, followed by rapid water cooling. The corrosion behaviour of both untreated and heat-treated samples was assessed using electrochemical techniques, including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, in simulated body fluids with 0.9 % NaCl. The specimen exhibiting optimal corrosion resistance in this solution was further evaluated in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution enriched with Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions (HBSS⁺). The results highlighted that the specimen subjected to heat treatment at 1200 °C, followed by water quenching (HT1200 °C/1hr/WQ), experienced deterioration due to galvanic effects between the γ-austenite and δ-ferrite phases. Conversely, the specimen heat-treated at 1100 °C, followed by water quenching (HT1100 °C/1hr/WQ), demonstrated the highest corrosion resistance in 0.9 % NaCl, even surpassing the untreated sample. This improved corrosion resistance was attributed to the combination of moderate and uniform grain size and complete transformation to the austenitic phase during heat treatment. However, when the (HT1100 °C/1hr/WQ) specimen was immersed in a more aggressive HBSS⁺ solution, its corrosion resistance deteriorated, suggesting the influence of the medium despite microstructural improvement. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： 316L stainless steel Biomedical Corrosion resistance Heat-treatment

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