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Review Integration of smartphone technology and artificial intelligence for advanced ophthalmic care:A systematic review

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Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research 2024年第3期4卷 120-127页

作者： Kai Jin Yingyu Li Hongkang Wu Yih Chung Tham Victor Koh Yitian Zhao Ryo Kawasaki Andrzej Grzybowski Juan Ye Eye Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesZhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye DiseasesHangzhouChina Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health National University of SingaporeSingapore Department of Ophthalmology National University of SingaporeSingapore Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboChina Ningbo Eye Hospital NingboChina Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboChina Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboChina Division of Public Health Department of Social MedicineGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan Artificial Intelligence Center for Medical Research and Application Osaka University HospitalOsakaJapan Institute for Research in Ophthalmology Foundation for Ophthalmology DevelopmentPoznanPoland

Background:The convergence of smartphone technology and artificial intelligence(AI)has revolutionized the landscape of ophthalmic care,offering unprecedented opportunities for diagnosis,monitoring,and management of ocular ***,there is a lack of systematic studies on discussing the integration of smart-phone and AI in this *** text:This review includes 52 studies,and explores the integration of smartphones and AI in ophthalmology,delineating its collective impact on screening methodologies,disease detection,telemedicine initiatives,and patient *** collective findings from the curated studies indicate promising performance of the smartphone-based AI screening for various ocular diseases which encompass major retinal diseases,glaucoma,cataract,visual impairment in children and ocular surface ***,the utilization of smartphone-based imaging modalities,coupled with AI algorithms,is able to provide timely,efficient and cost-effective screening for ocular *** modality can also facilitate patient self-monitoring,remote patient monitoring and enhancing accessibility to eye care services,particularly in underserved *** involving data pri-vacy,algorithm validation,regulatory frameworks and issues of trust are still need to be ***,evaluation on real-world implementation is imperative as well,and real-world prospective studies are currently ***:Smartphone ocular imaging merged with AI enables earlier,precise diagnoses,personalized treat-ments,and enhanced service accessibility in eye *** is crucial to navigate ethical and data security challenges while responsibly leveraging these innovations,promising a potential revolution in care access and global eye health equity.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Smartphone imaging Ophthalmology Telemedicine Ocular disease management

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Two-dimensional MXenes for lithium-sulfur batteries

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InfoMat 2020年第4期2卷 613-638页

作者： Chuanfang(John)Zhang Linfan Cui Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh Jakob Heier Laboratory for Functional Polymers EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyDubendorfSwitzerland Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering Aalto UniversityAaltoFinland Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland

Rechargeable lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted significant research attention due to their high capacity and energy ***,their commercial applications are still hindered by challenges such as the shuttle effect of soluble lithium sulfide species,the insulating nature of sulfur,and the fast capacity decay of the *** efforts are devoted to address these problems through questing more conductive hosts with abundant polysulfide chemisorption sites,as well as modifying the separators to physically/chemically retard the polysulfides *** dimensional transition metal carbides,carbonitrides and nitrides,so-called MXenes,are ideal for confining the polysulfides shuttling effects due to their high conductivity,layered structure as well as rich surface *** such,MXenes have thus been widely studied in Li-S batteries,focusing on the conductive sulfur hosts,polysulfides interfaces,and ***,in this review,we summarize the significant progresses regarding the design of multifunctional MXene-based Li-S batteries and discuss the solutions for improving electrochemical performances in *** addition,challenges and perspectives of MXenes for Li-S batteries are also outlined.

关键词： flexible electronics Li-S battery MXene polysulfides shuttling two dimensional materials

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Electrochemically Modulated Metasurfaces

Electrochemically Modulated Metasurfaces

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Janna Eaves-Rathert Elena Kovalik Chibuzor Fabian Ugwu Cary L. Pint Jason G. Valentine Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA

Electrochemical intercalation of lithium in titanium dioxide and silicon-based metasurfaces is used to initiate phase changes in a continuously tunable, reversible, and bi-stable manner for dynamic control over struct... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Absorption coefficient Structural color Surface plasmon polaritons Surface plasmons Thin films Titanium dioxide

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Long-and short-range orders in 10-component compositionally complex ceramics

Advanced Powder Materials

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Advanced Powder materials 2023年第2期2卷 70-81页

作者： Dawei Zhang Yan Chen Heidy Vega Tianshi Feng Dunji Yu Michelle Everett Joerg Neuefeind Ke An Renkun Chen Jian Luo Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093USA Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge 38731USA Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093USA Department of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093USA Department of NanoEngineering University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093USA

Neutron diffraction and total scattering are combined to investigate a series of single-phase 10-component compositionally complexﬂuorite-based oxides,[(Pr_(0.375)Nd_(0.375)Yb_(0.25))2(Ti_(0.5)Hf_(0.25)Zr_(0.25))_(2)O_(7)]_(1-x)[(DyHoErNb)O_(7)]_(x),denoted as 10CCFBOxNb.A long-range order-disorder transition(ODT)occurs at x=0.81±0.01 from the ordered pyrochlore to disordered defectﬂ*** contrast to ternary oxides,this ODT occurs abruptly without an observable two-phase region;moreover,the phase stability in 10CCFBOs deviates from the well-established criteria for simpler *** reﬁnements of neutron diffraction patterns suggest that this ODT occurs via the migration of oxygen anions from the position 48f to 8a,with a smallﬁnal jump at the ODT;however,the 8a oxygen occupancy changes gradually(without an observable discontinuous jump).We further discover diffuse scattering in Nb-rich compositions,which suggests the presence of short-range *** small-box modelling,four compositions near ODT(x=0.75,0.8,0.85,and 1)can be betterﬁtted by C2221 weberite ordering for the local polyhedral structure at ***,10CCFBO_(0.75)Nb and 10CCFBO_(0.8)Nb possess both long-range pyrochlore order and short-range weberite-type order,which can be understood from severe local distortion of the pyrochlore polyhedral ***,weberite-type short-range order emerges before the ODT,coexisting and interacting with long-range pyrochlore *** the ODT,the long-range pyrochlore order vanishes but the short-range weberite-type order persists in the long-range disordered defectﬂuorite ***,a drop in the thermal conductivity coincides with emergence of the short-range order,instead of the long-range ODT.

关键词： Neutron diffraction Neutron total scattering Order-disorder transition Short-range order High-entropy ceramics Compositionally complex ceramics

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Challenges in Developing MOF-Based Membranes for Gas Separation

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Langmuir 2023年第8期39卷 2871-2880页

作者： Kang, Dun-Yen Lee, Jong Suk Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sogang University Baekbeom-ro 35 Seoul4107 Korea Republic of Institute of Emergent Materials Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro Seoul4107 Korea Republic of

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for membrane gas separation. MOF-based membranes include pure MOF membranes and MOF-based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). This Perspective discusses the challenges for the next stage of the development of MOF-based membranes based on research conducted in the past decade. We focused on three major issues associated with pure MOF membranes. First, some MOF compounds have been overstudied, despite the availability of numerous MOFs. Second, gas adsorption and diffusion in MOFs are often independently investigated. The correlation between adsorption and diffusion has seldom been discussed. Third, we identify the importance of characterizing the gas distribution in MOFs to understand the structure-property relationships for gas adsorption and diffusion in MOF membranes. For MOF-based MMMs, engineering the MOF-polymer interface is essential for achieving the desired separation performance. Various approaches to modify the MOF surface or polymer molecular structure have been proposed to improve the MOF-polymer interface. Herein, we present defect engineering as a facile and efficient approach for engineering the MOF-polymer interfacial morphology and its extended application for various gas separations. © 2023 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Organometallics

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A Spin-Orbit Torque Switch at Ferromagnet/Antiferromagnet Interface Toward Stochastic or Memristive Applications via Tailoring Antiferromagnetic Ordering

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Advanced Electronic materials 2023年第12期9卷

作者： Wang, Ssu-Yuan Chen, Sheng-Huai Chang, Hao-Kai Li, Yi-Ting Tseng, Chih-Hsiang Chen, Po-Chuan Yang, Chao-Yao Lai, Chih-Huang Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

Antiferromagnet (AFM) has currently participated in the spin-orbit torque (SOT) technology due to its great potential to be applied to the field-free SOT switching and to promote the thermal stability of MRAM. However, the effect of varying AFM ordering on the SOT switching and the associated properties is still not comprehensively understood. This work reports how an AFM ordering modifies the strength of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya-interaction (DMI) in a heavy metal (Pt)/FM (Co)/AFM (IrMn) trilayer and its effects on SOT switching. Increasing the AFM ordering reflects the enhanced exchange bias through increasing IrMn thickness appears to significantly reduce the DMI strength of the trilayer. Controlling the IrMn thickness appears to serve as a unique switch to activate memristivity/stochasticity in the devices via tailoring AFM ordering on exchange bias: The strong AFM ordering via increasing IrMn thickness enables to increase the stability of multi-levels for SOT switching, which promotes the memristivity for neuromorphic application. On the contrary, the weak AFM ordering via reducing IrMn thickness will lead to significant stochasticity for the physically unclonable functionality. This work demonstrates an intrinsic tuning over the AFM ordering will serve as a switch to turn the SOT device into a stochastic/memristive cell to bridge probabilistic and neuromorphic computing. © 2023 The Authors. Advanced Electronic materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Frustrated metastable-to-equilibrium grain boundary structural transition in NbMoTaW due to segregation and chemical complexity

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Geiger, Ian Apelian, Diran Pan, Xiaoqing Cao, Penghui Luo, Jian Rupert, Timothy J. Material and Manufacturing Technology University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States

Grain boundary structural transitions can lead to significant changes in the properties and performance of materials. In multi-principal element alloys, understanding these transitions becomes complex due to phenomena such as local chemical ordering and multi-component segregation. Using atomistic simulations, we explore a metastable-to-equilibrium grain boundary structural transition in NbMoTaW. The transition, characterized by structural disordering and reduced free volume, shows high sensitivity to its local chemical environment. Most notably, the transition temperature range of the alloy is more than twice that of a pure metal. Differences in composition between coexisting metastable and equilibrium structures highlight the change in local site availability due to structural relaxation. Further examination of grain boundaries with fixed chemical states at varying temperatures reveals that the amount of segregation significantly influences the onset temperature yet has minimal effect on the transition width. These insights underscore the profound effect of chemical complexity and ordering on grain boundary transitions in complex concentrated alloys, marking a meaningful advancement in our understanding of grain boundary behavior at the atomic level. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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Emergent magnetic phases and piezomagnetic effects in MnxNi1−xF2 thin film alloys

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Physical Review B 2023年第13期108卷 134437-134437页

作者： Ryan Van Haren Nessa Hald David Lederman Department of Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California 95064 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program School for Engineering of Energy Matter and Transport Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA

The effect of random competing single-ion anisotropies in antiferromagnets was studied using epitaxial MnxNi1−xF2 antiferromagnetic thin film alloys grown via molecular beam epitaxy. The crystal structure of this material is tetragonal for all values of x, and the Mn sites have a magnetic easy-axis single-ion anisotropy while the Ni sites have an easy-plane anisotropy perpendicular to the Mn easy axis. Crystallographic and magnetization measurements demonstrated that the thin film alloys were homogeneously mixed and did not phase separate into their constituent parts. Pure MnF2 thin films epitaxially grown on MgF2 exhibited compressive strain along all three crystallographic axes which resulted in piezomagnetic effects. The piezomagnetism disappeared if the film was grown on a (MnNi)F2 graded buffer layer. A mean-field theory fit to the transition temperature as a function of the Mn concentration x, which takes into account piezomagnetic effects, gave a magnetic exchange constant between Mn and Ni ions of JMnNi=0.305±0.003meV. Mean-field theory calculations also predicted the existence of an oblique antiferromagnetic phase in the MnxNi1−xF2 alloy which agreed with the experimental data. A magnetic phase diagram for MnxNi1−xF2 thin film alloys was constructed and showed evidence for the existence of two unique magnetic phases, in addition to the ordinary antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases: an oblique antiferromagnetic phase, and an emergent magnetic phase proposed to be either a magnetic glassy phase or a helical phase. The phase diagram is quantitatively different from that of FexNi1−xF2 because of the much larger single-ion anisotropy of Fe2+ compared to Mn2+.

关键词： Epitaxial strain Magnetic anisotropy Magnetic interactions Magnetic phase transitions Magnetism Alloys Antiferromagnets Magnetic thin films Solid solutions Thin films Crystallography Mean field theory Molecular beam epitaxy Susceptibility measurements X-ray diffraction

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Understanding ADC variation by fat content effect using a dual-function MRI phantom

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European Radiology Experimental 2024年第1期8卷 19页

作者： Liu, Yi-Jui Tsai, Tung-Sheng Li, Ya-Hui Peng, Jo-Hua Chang, Hing-Chiu Peng, Hsu-Hsia Lee, Ying-Chieh Lee, Tung-Yang Liou, Chang-Hsien Lin, Tz-Feng Chew, Fatt-Yang Chou, Ruey-Hwang Juan, Chun-Jung Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital 199 Sec. 1 Xinglong Rd. Hsinchu County Zhubei City 302 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Master’s Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Cheng Ching Hospital Taichung Taiwan Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Fiber and Composite Materials Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan Center for Molecular Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan

Background: A dual-function phantom designed to quantify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in different fat contents (FCs) and glass bead densities (GBDs) to simulate the human tissues has not been documented yet. We propose a dual-function phantom to quantify the FC and to measure the ADC at different FCs and different GBDs. Methods: A fat-containing diffusion phantom comprised by 30 glass-bead-containing fat-water emulsions consisting of six different FCs (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) multiplied by five different GBDs (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/50 mL). The FC and ADC were measured by the “iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation-IQ,” IDEAL-IQ, and single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging, SS-EP-DWI, sequences, respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among the fat fraction (FF) measured by IDEAL-IQ, GBD, and ADC. Results: The ADC was significantly, negatively, and linearly associated with the FF (the linear slope ranged from -0.005 to -0.017, R² = 0.925 to 0.986, all p < 0.001). The slope of the linear relationship between the ADC and the FF, however, varied among different GBDs (the higher the GBD, the lower the slope). ADCs among emulsions across different GBDs and FFs were overlapped. Emulsions with low GBDs plus high FFs shared a same lower ADC range with those with median or high GBDs plus median or lower FFs. Conclusions: A novel dual-function phantom simulating the human tissues allowed to quantify the influence of FC and GBD on ADC. Relevance statement: The study developed an innovative dual-function MRI phantom to explore the impact of FC on ADC variation that can affect clinical results. The results revealed the superimposed effect on FF and GBD density on ADC measurements. Key points: • A dual-function phantom made of glass bead density (GBD) and fat fraction (FF) emulsion has been developed. • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values

关键词： Adipose tissue Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging Phantoms (imaging) Quality assurance (healthcare) Quality control

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Phonon-Assisted Intertube Electronic Transport in an Armchair Carbon Nanotube Film

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第17期130卷 176303-176303页

作者： Davoud Adinehloo Weilu Gao Ali Mojibpour Junichiro Kono Vasili Perebeinos Department of Electrical Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo New York 14228 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA The Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA

The electrical conductivity of a macroscopic assembly of nanomaterials is determined through a complex interplay of electronic transport within and between constituent nano-objects. Phonons play dual roles in this situation: their increased populations tend to reduce the conductivity via electron scattering, while they can boost the conductivity by assisting electrons to propagate through the potential-energy landscape. We identified a phonon-assisted coherent electron transport process between neighboring nanotubes in temperature-dependent conductivity measurements on a macroscopic film of armchair single-wall carbon nanotubes. Through atomistic modeling of electronic states and calculations of both electronic and phonon-assisted junction conductances, we conclude that phonon-assisted conductance is the dominant mechanism for observed high-temperature transport in armchair carbon nanotubes. The unambiguous manifestation of coherent intertube dynamics proves a single-chirality armchair nanotube film to be a unique macroscopic solid-state ensemble of nano-objects promising for the development of room-temperature coherent electronic devices.

关键词： Electrical conductivity Electron-phonon coupling Nanotubes

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