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Needle-induced-fracking in soft solids with crack blunting

EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS 2022年 52卷

作者： Song, Zhaoqiang Cai, Shengqiang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA

Fracking, also known as hydraulic fracture, has been intensively studied in hard and brittle materials such as shale rocks and ice. In contrast, little is known about fracking in soft solids, especially with significant crack blunting. Recently, it has been found that during the needle-induced-cavitation experiments on soft gels or elastomers, the materials can be ruptured by pressurized fluid. Due to the large elastofracture length, a short crack in a soft solid during the fracking often shows severely blunted tips, and therefore, the crack extension and large deformation in the material become nearly indistinguishable in the experiments. In this letter, we propose to adopt a simple model, considering both large deformation and crack blunting, to predict the change of the hydraulic pressure during the needle-induced-fracking in soft solids. We found that the theoretical predictions agree very well with experimental data reported in the literature. The studies presented in this letter may provide new insights into the understanding of the fracking in soft tissues and cells, and lead to a facile way to measure fracture energy of soft materials, which can be very challenging for conventional testing methods. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydraulic fracture Soft solid Needle-induced fracking Fracture toughness Cavitation-to-fracture

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Small Polaron-Induced Ultrafast Ferroelectric Restoration in BiFeO3

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Physical Review X 2025年第2期15卷 021046-021046页

作者： Wenfan Chen Tian Wang Chun-Chieh Yu Yuancheng Jing Xiaosong Li Wei Xiong Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Department of Chemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA

In this report, we apply a suite of ultrafast spectroscopic techniques and advanced calculations to reveal the interplay between electronic and lattice degrees of freedom in ferroelectric BiFeO3. Using transient sum frequency generation spectroscopy, which is sensitive to electronic polarizations, we observe a transient electronic dipole reduction upon optical excitation which recovers at 0.5 and 10 ps timescale. The time-dependent density functional theory calculation reveals that both ligand-metal charge transfer and local excitation transition occurred upon photo excitation. To reveal the nature of electronic dipole restoration, we employ transient extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectroscopy—an element-specific ultrafast technique that follows charge dynamics of Bi, Fe, and O altogether. The transient EUV dynamics observed both ultrafast free charge carrier relaxation to excitons, as well as polaron formation. However, a timescale comparison suggests that only the polaron formation is responsible for the 0.5 ps electronic dipole restoration, whereas the faster electronic relaxation does not contribute to the ferroelectric property changes. Multireference configuration interaction calculation further corroborates this result by showing both Fe and Bi atoms shift from the ground state equilibrium—leading to the polaron formation. Our result disentangles the multidegrees of freedom in ultrafast ferroelectric modulation and identifies the pivotal motion—a local polaron formation—for the fast ferroelectric recovery. It provides crucial insights on the specific lattice distortion that could modulate properties or phase transitions of condensed matter materials.

关键词： Light polarization

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Unveiling Activated Carbon Degradation in Supercapacitor Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Tan, Daniel Q. Chen, Junyan Rao, Xinqiang Zhang, Fuming Ein-Eli, Yair Department of Materials Science and Engineering Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology 241 Daxue Road Shantou515063 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology 241 Daxue Road Shantou515063 China

Electrode stability critically impacts energy storage device performance, and despite theoretical recognition, directly observing the evolving electrode-electrolyte interface during the charge-discharge cycle of a supercapacitor remains challenging. This work directly addresses the technical gap by employing a liquid cell-assisted in-situ transmission electron microscopy. This innovative approach realizes real-time observation of the dynamic response of the activated carbon electrode during an electrical cycling of the supercapacitor cells. Driving the cell potential above a certain threshold potential during cycling leads to gas evolution that initiates cascade of events, causing the active carbon to disintegrate. This is being manifested in electrode’s mass loss and a rapid capacity decline upon further cycling. Nano-layer oxide coating of the activated carbon electrode using an atomic layer deposition effectively suppresses electrode-electrolyte reactions, stabilizing the electrode and improving the electrochemical properties. The first in-situ transmission electron microscope liquid cell design using an activated carbon substrate represents a breakthrough in understanding supercapacitors degradation, offering a working strategy for electrode dynamics investigation of various energy storage devices. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Atomic layer deposition

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Investigation of Sm Addition on Microstructural and Optical Properties of CoFe Thin Films

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materials 2023年第15期16卷 5380-5380页

作者： Liu, Wen-Jen Chang, Yung-Huang Chiang, Chia-Chin Lai, Jian-Xin Chen, Yuan-Tsung Chen, Hsiung-Liang Lin, Shih-Hung Department of Materials Science and Engineering I-Shou University Kaohsiung840 Taiwan Bachelor Program in Industrial Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Section 3 Yunlin Douliou640301 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City80778 Taiwan Graduate School of Materials Science National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Section 3 Yunlin Douliou640301 Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Section 3 Yunlin Douliou640301 Taiwan

CoFe-based alloys and rare earth (RE) elements are among the most studied materials in applying magnetic devices to improve soft magnetic characteristics. A series of Co40Fe40Sm20 films are deposited on a glass substrate via the sputtering technique, followed by an annealing process to investigate their effect on microstructural and optical properties of Co40Fe40Sm20 films. In this study, the increase in the thickness of Co40Fe40Sm20 films and annealing temperatures resulted in a smoother surface morphology. The 40 nm Co40Fe40Sm20 films annealed 300 °C are expected to have good wear resistance and adhesive properties due to their high values of H/E ratio and surface energy. Optical transparency also increased due to the smoother surface of the Co40Fe40Sm20 films. © 2023 by the authors.

关键词： Iron alloys

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New Insights into the Effects of Solidification Process on The Thermodynamic Parameters and Mechanical Properties of Cualbenbni Shape Memory Alloy

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Silva, David D.S. Vieira, Rafael T. Falcão, Gabriely M.S. Brito, Ieverton C.A. Caluête, Rafael E. Gomes, Rodinei M. Oliveira, Danniel F. Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering SP São Carlos13565-905 Brazil Colorado School of Mines George S. Ansell Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering GoldenCO80401 United States Federal University of Paraíba Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering PB João Pessoa58051-900 Brazil Federal University of Paraíba Department of Materials Engineering PB João Pessoa58051-900 Brazil Federal University of Paraíba Department of Mechanical Engineering PB João Pessoa58051-900 Brazil

In this work, the influence of the solidification process on the microstructure, thermodynamic parameters and mechanical properties of CuAlBeNbNi shape memory alloy (SMA) was investigated. While directional solidification has been used to improve functional properties in Cu-based SMAs, the squeeze casting process has not yet been explored. The results indicate that the processes of unidirectional solidification and squeeze casting offer an alternative method to modify the thermodynamic parameters, mechanical properties, and microstructural properties of the CuAlBeNbNi SMA while keeping the composition constant. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding the impact of solidification processes on the properties of Cu-based SMAs, specifically investigating CuAlBeNbNi SMAs. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microstructural evolution

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3D printed bioabsorbable composite scaffolds of poly (lactic acid)-tricalcium phosphate-ceria with osteogenic property for bone regeneration

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Biomaterials and Biosystems 2024年 13卷 100086页

作者： Harb, Samarah V. Kolanthai, Elayaraja Pugazhendhi, Abinaya S. Beatrice, Cesar A.G. Pinto, Leonardo A. Neal, Craig J. Backes, Eduardo H. Nunes, Ana C.C. Selistre-de-Araújo, Heloisa S. Costa, Lidiane C. Coathup, Melanie J. Seal, Sudipta Pessan, Luiz A. Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa) Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar) SP São Carlos Brazil Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando FL United States Biionix Cluster College of Medicine University of Central Florida Orlando FL United States Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa) Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) SP São Carlos Brazil Department of Physiological Sciences Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) SP São Carlos Brazil

The fabrication of customized implants by additive manufacturing has allowed continued development of the personalized medicine field. Herein, a 3D-printed bioabsorbable poly (lactic acid) (PLA)- β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (10 wt %) composite has been modified with CeO₂ nanoparticles (CeNPs) (1, 5 and 10 wt %) for bone repair. The filaments were prepared by melt extrusion and used to print porous scaffolds. The nanocomposite scaffolds possessed precise structure with fine print resolution, a homogenous distribution of TCP and CeNP components, and mechanical properties appropriate for bone tissue engineering applications. Cell proliferation assays using osteoblast cultures confirmed the cytocompatibility of the composites. In addition, the presence of CeNPs enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells;thereby, increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition and bone-related gene expression. Results from this study have shown that the 3D printed PLA-TCP-10%CeO₂ composite scaffold could be used as an alternative polymeric implant for bone tissue engineering applications: avoiding additional/revision surgeries and accelerating the regenerative process. © 2023

关键词： Additive manufacturing Biomaterial Bone tissue engineering Ceria nanoparticle Polymer-matrix composites

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Magnetochiral Tunneling in Paramagnetic Co1/3NbS2

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Lim, Seongjoon Singh, Sobhit Huang, Fei-Ting Pan, Shangke Wang, Kefeng Kim, Jaewook Kim, Jinwoong Vanderbilt, David Cheong, Sang-Wook Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials Department of Physics and Astronomy PiscatawayNJ08854 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States Materials Science Program University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Function Materials and Preparation Science School of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Zhejiang Ningbo315211 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers University PiscatawayNJ08854 United States

Electric currents have the intriguing ability to induce magnetization in nonmagnetic crystals with sufficiently low crystallographic symmetry. Some associated phenomena include the non-linear anomalous Hall effect in polar crystals and the nonreciprocal directional dichroism in chiral crystals when magnetic fields are applied. In this work, we demonstrate that the same underlying physics is also manifested in the electronic tunneling process between the surface of a nonmagnetic chiral material and a magnetized scanning probe. In the paramagnetic but chiral metallic compound Co1/3NbS2, the magnetization induced by the tunneling current is shown to become detectable by its coupling to the magnetization of the tip itself. This results in a contrast across different chiral domains, achieving atomic-scale spatial resolution of structural chirality. To support the proposed mechanism, we used first-principles theory to compute the chirality-dependent current-induced magnetization and Berry curvature in the bulk of the material. Our demonstration of this magnetochiral tunneling effect opens up a new avenue for investigating atomic-scale variations in the local crystallographic symmetry and electronic structure across the structural domain boundaries of low-symmetry nonmagnetic crystals. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetization

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Direct observation of structural phase transformations during continuous phosphorus deposition on Cu(111)

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： David, Jiří Jeřábek, František Procházka, Pavel Černý, Miroslav Ciobanu, Cristian V. Průša, Stanislav Šikola, Tomáš Kodambaka, Suneel Kolíbal, Miroslav Institute of Physical Engineering Brno University of Technology Technická 2 Brno616 69 Czech Republic CEITEC BUT. Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 123 Brno612 00 Czech Republic Department of Mechanical Engineering Materials Science Program Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University BlacksburgVA24061 United States

Blue phosphorene - two-dimensional, hexagonal-structured, semiconducting phosphorus - has gained attention as it is considered easier to synthesize on metal surfaces than its allotrope, black phosphorene. Recent studies report different structures of phosphorene, for example, on Cu(111), but the underlying mechanisms of their formation are not known. Here, using a combination of in situ ultrahigh vacuum low-energy electron microscopy and in vacuo scanning tunneling microscopy, we determine the time-evolution of the surface structure and morphology during the deposition of phosphorus on single-crystalline Cu(111). We find that during early stages of deposition, phosphorus intermixes with Cu, resulting in copper phosphide structures. With increasing surface concentration of phosphorus, the phosphide phase disappears and a blue phosphorene layer forms, followed by self-assembly of highly ordered phosphorus clusters that eventually grow into multilayer islands. We attribute the unexpected transformation of stable phosphide to a phosphorene layer, and the previously unreported multilayer growth, to the presence of a large concentration of P2 dimers on the surface. Our results constitute direct evidence for a new growth mode leading to a phosphorene layer via an intermediary phase, which could underpin the growth of other 2D materials on strongly interacting substrates. © 2024, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Self assembly

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Assessing the Critical Current Density of All-Solid-State Li Metal Symmetric and Full Cells

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Ham, So-Yeon Yang, Hedi Nunez-Cuacuas, Omar Tan, Darren H.S. Chen, Yu-Ting Deysher, Grayson Cronk, Ashley Ridley, Phillip Doux, Jean-Marie Wu, Erik A. Jang, Jihyun Meng, Ying Shirley Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 United States Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States

All-solid-state Li metal batteries (Li-ASSBs) have drawn much attention in recent years owing to their potential in achieving high energy densities. However, the low critical current density (CCD) of Li-ASSBs at room temperature remains a major bottleneck which limits the prospects for commercialization. Most studies reported so far have demonstrated CCDs significantly lower than conventional lithium-ion batteries, along with a lack of consistency across such reports. While these CCD inconsistencies can be attributed to variations in pressure, temperature, and solid electrolyte chemistry, crucial parameters often omitted in the literature, such as the fabrication pressure used and duration for which it is applied, both of which are required to achieve good contact between Li metal and the solid electrolyte. Here, the relationship between the fabrication pressure contact hold time of Li metal versus CCD is reported, thus elucidating the effect of controlled Li deformation on the CCD. The CCDs for symmetric and full cell architectures are also evaluated, where the effect of volumetric expansion and associated changes in cell stack pressure are examined. Finally, a constant pressure cell design is introduced to mitigate the negative effects of volume change during cycling, allowing the Li-ASSB to achieve higher CCDs at room temperature. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solid electrolytes

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Tailoring Chloride Solid Electrolytes for Reversible Redox

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Journal of the American Chemical Society 2025年第23期147卷 2025 May 28页

作者： Phillip Ridley George Duong Sarah L Ko Jin An Sam Oh Grayson Deysher Kent J Griffith Ying Shirley Meng Department of Nano Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego California 92093 United States. Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States. Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 United States.

Solid-state electrolytes enable next-generation batteries that can theoretically deliver higher energy densities while improving device safety. However, when fabricating cathodes for all-solid-state batteries, solid-state electrolytes must be combined with the active materials in high weight fractions in order to achieve sufficient ionic percolation within the cathode composite. This requirement drastically hinders the practicality of solid-state batteries as the solid-state electrolyte is conventionally designed to be electrochemically inactive and is effectively electrochemical "dead weight", lowering both the gravimetric and volumetric energy density of the cell. In this work, a well-known solid-state electrolyte, NaZrCl, is modified by aliovalent substitution of inactive Zr cations with redox-active ( = Nb or Ta) cations to create a series of NaZrCl solid solutions that possess both high ionic conductivities and active sites for Na storage. The Na intercalation mechanisms of these solid-solution materials, in addition to those of the NaCl end-member materials, are elucidated in this work. It was discovered that both the niobium- and tantalum-containing chlorides exhibit rather high electrochemical potentials (2.2-2.8 V vs NaSn), making them ideal catholytes to pair with commonly used oxide cathode materials like NaCrO. This synergistic pairing leads to a cathode composite with an 83-102% increase in energy density and 39-81% improvement in areal discharge capacity compared to a redox-innocent solid electrolyte. This approach highlights the benefits of designing and employing redox-active solid-state electrolytes that can reversibly intercalate charge-carrying cations, opening up a broad new avenue for solid-state electrolyte discovery and solid-state battery design.

关键词： Redox reactions

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