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Breaking boundaries in optical manipulation:beyond Nobel-Prize-winning tweezers

Photonics Insights 2023年第2期2卷 1-2页

作者： Pavana Siddhartha Kollipara Yuebing Zheng Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinUSA Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at AustinAustinUSA

Richard Feynman’s famous 1959 lecture“There is plenty of room at the bottom”inspired scientists and engineers to focus on manipulating matter at the nanoscale[1].Optical tweezers,groundbreaking tools that use light to trap and move small particles with nanoscale precision,have revolutionized many fields such as materials science,biology,physics,and nanotechnology[2,3].For example,optical tweezers have enabled researchers to investigate the mechanical properties of biological molecules,study the behavior of colloidal suspensions,explore the movement of motor proteins,and investigate the directed assembly of nanoscale structures[4–6].

关键词： plenty breaking optical

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Microscopic picture of paraelectric perovskites from structural prototypes

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Physical Review Research 2022年第1期4卷 L012042-L012042页

作者： Michele Kotiuga Samed Halilov Boris Kozinsky Marco Fornari Nicola Marzari Giovanni Pizzi Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Designed Material Technologies LLC P.O. Box 14548 Richmond Virginia 23221-9998 USA John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University 29 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Robert Bosch LLC Research and Technology Center Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics and Science of Advanced Materials Program Central Michigan University Mt. Pleasant Michigan 48859 USA

We highlight with first-principles molecular dynamics the persistence of intrinsic 〈111〉 Ti off-centerings for BaTiO3 in its cubic paraelectric phase. Intriguingly, these are inconsistent with the Pm3¯m space group often used to atomistically model this phase using density-functional theory or similar methods. Therefore, we deploy a systematic symmetry analysis to construct representative structural models in the form of supercells that satisfy a desired point symmetry but are built from the combination of lower-symmetry primitive cells. We define as structural prototypes the smallest of these that are both energetically and dynamically stable. Remarkably, two 40-atom prototypes can be identified for paraelectric BaTiO3; these are also common to many other ABO3 perovskites. These prototypes can offer structural models of paraelectric phases that can be used for the computational engineering of functional materials. Last, we show that the emergence of B-cation off-centerings and the primitive-cell phonon instabilities is controlled by the equilibrium volume, in turn, dictated by the filler A cation.

关键词： Crystal symmetry Ferroelectricity Structural order parameter Paraelectrics

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In-Situ Determination of Moisture- and Temperature-Driven Deflection of an Encapsulated Si Photovoltaic Cell

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2022年

作者： Slauch, Ian M. Gandhi, Hir Kumar, Rishi E. Sidawi, Tala Tracy, Jared Choudhury, Roy Kaushik Meier, Rico Fenning, David P. Bertoni, Mariana I. Arizona State University Fulton School of Engineering 650 E Tyler Mall TempeAZ United States University of California San Diego Materials Science Program La Jolla CA United States University of California San Diego Department of Nanoengineering La Jolla CA United States DuPont Photovoltaic and Advanced Materials WilmingtonDE United States

Module reliability and service lifetime are critical factors in improving photovoltaic system performance and reducing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Soldering and lamination of the cell impart residual stresses that persist over time and superimpose additional loads during operation. This paper demonstrates the use of X-ray Topography (XRT) to image in-situ the dynamic response of a glass/backsheet mini-module upon drying at elevated temperature after saturation at humidity levels used in accelerated testing. The local water content in the encapsulant is also determined in-situ over time via Water Reflectometric Detection (WaRD), with diffusion of water in the front (glass side) and rear (backsheet side) resolved. As water diffuses out from the back of the glass/backsheet module, the cell curves towards the backsheet concomitantly. The local cell deflections (changes in cell orientation) are correlated with the dynamic loss of water in the backside encapsulant. We conclude that the observed cell deflections are the result of hygroscopic stress induced by the encapsulant upon moisture outdiffusion. Therefore, the cell experiences a continually changing stress state and curvature dependent on local humidity and temperature. Depending on cell architecture and interconnection, this "breathing" mode of the cell may affect the disconnection of cracked pieces or cause wear out and fatigue of the interconnects, especially as elevated operating temperature allows a greater amount of water into the encapsulant. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Glass

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Three-dimensional morphology of an ultrafine Al-Si eutectic produced via laser rapid solidification

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhou, Xinyi Chao, Paul Sloan, Luke Lien, Huai-Hsun Hunter, Allen H. Misra, Amit Shahani, Ashwin J. Engineering Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Michigan Center for Materials Characterization University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

Al-Si alloys processed by laser rapid solidification yield eutectic microstructures with ultrafine and interconnected fibers. Such fibrous structures have long been thought to bear resemblance to those formed in impurity-doped alloys upon conventional casting. Here, we show that any similarity is purely superficial. By harnessing high-throughput characterization and computer vision techniques, we perform a three-dimensional analysis of the branching behavior of the ultrafine eutectic and compare it against an impurity-modified eutectic as well as a random fractal (as a benchmark). Differences in the branching statistics point to different microstructural origins of the impurity- and quench-modified eutectic. Our quantitative approach is not limited to the data presented here but can be used to extract abstract information from other volumetric datasets, without customization. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Eutectics

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Methods – Pressure control apparatus for lithium metal battery

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lu, Bingyu Bao, Wurigumula Yao, Weiliang Doux, Jean-Marie Fang, Chengcheng Meng, Ying Shirley Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States

Lithium (Li) metal anodes are essential for developing next-generation high-energy-density batteries. However, Li dendrite/whisker formation caused short-circuiting issue and short cycle life have prevented lithium metal from being viably used in rechargeable batteries. Numerous works have been done to study how to regulate the Li growth in electrochemical cycling by using external stacking forces. While it is widely agreed that stack pressure positively affects the lithium plating/stripping process, the optimized pressure range provided by different works varies greatly because of the difference in the pressure control setup. In this work, a pressure control apparatus is designed for Li metal batteries with liquid and solid-state electrolytes (SSE). With considerations of minimizing cell to cell variation, a reusable split cell and pressure load cell are made for testing electrochemical cells with high precision pressure control. The capability of the designed setup is demonstrated by studying the pressure effect on the Li plating/stripping process. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium

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Digital Twin and Digital Game-Based Training in Integrated Photonics and Semiconductor Resource-Efficiency

Digital Twin and Digital Game-Based Training in Integrated P...

引用

Education and Training in Optics and Photonics (ETOP), IEEE Conference on

作者： S. Saini I. Fay T. Morrisey J. Krambeck A. Gupta M. Hall A. Agarwal P. O’Brien E.A. Unger G. Norris R. Kirchain L.C. Kimerling IKIM Initiative Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Comparative Media Studies Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Materials Research Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Lee Maltings Dyke Parade Tyndall National Institute Cork Ireland SHINE Enterprise Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331543013

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543020

As Co-Packaged Optics drives advanced packaging solutions for data centers, AI computing, and sensing/imaging systems, digital twins and digital games offer just-in-time training support for rapid reskill/upskill of engineers and technicians. Recent advances in digital twins of select packaging tools for CPO (fiber-attach, die saw, die bonder) will be presented with early results on learner experience within a bootcamp based setting. In addition, learner results will be presented for a digital game that trains in Life Cycle Thinking for resource-efficient manufacturing. This new photonics education frontier expands CPO curricula to emphasize broad training in the resource flows of the semiconductor manufacturing supply chain, to assess enabling integrated photonics solutions for systems, and in fabrication or packaging.

关键词： Training Dies Supply chains Games Tutorials Packaging Optics Digital twins Standards Photonics

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Sustainable, low-cost sorbents based on calcium chloride-loaded polyacrylamide hydrogels

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Hoogendoorn, Levi Huertas, Mauricio Nitz, Phillip Qi, Naiyu Baller, Johannes Prinz, Carsten Graeber, Gustav Graeber Lab for Energy Research Chemistry Department Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Germany Integrated Science Program Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston United States Institute of Chemistry University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Berlin Germany

Sorbents are promising materials for applications in atmospheric water harvesting, thermal energy storage, and passive cooling, thereby addressing central challenges related to water scarcity and the global energy transition. Recently, hygroscopic hydrogel composites have emerged as high-performance sorbents. However, many of these systems are fabricated with unsustainable and costly sorbent materials, which hinders their wide deployment. Here, the synthesis of high-performance, cost-efficient polyacrylamide hydrogels loaded with unprecedented amounts of calcium chloride is demonstrated. To this end, the swelling procedure of polyacrylamide hydrogels in aqueous calcium chloride solutions is optimized. The obtained salt loading in the hydrogel is characterized as a function of temperature, calcium chloride concentration in the swelling solution, and the hydrogel preparation conditions. The obtained hydrogel-salt composites are shown to be stable under repeated sorption-desorption cycling and enable water uptakes of 0.92 and 2.38 gram of water per gram of dry materials at 30% and 70% relative humidity, respectively. The resulting cost-performance ratio substantially exceeds the state-of-the-art. The mechanistic insights on hydrogel salt interactions can guide the design of sustainable and low-cost sorbent materials for future applications in water and energy. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat storage

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Grain boundary complexion modification for interface stability in garnet based solid-state Li batteries

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Journal of Power Sources 2024年 602卷

作者： Wang, Chih-Chieh Hsu, Wei-Chun Chang, Chia-Yu Ihrig, Martin Thuy Tran, Ngoc Thanh Lin, Shih-kang Windmüller, Anna Tsai, Chih-Long Eichel, Rüdiger-A. Chiu, Kuo-Feng Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Institute of Energy and Climate Research Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich52425 Germany Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei City106 Taiwan Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Program on Semiconductor Packaging and Testing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Core Facility Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung407 Taiwan

The garnet type solid-state electrolyte (SSE) encounters challenges related to poor interfacial contact with Li metal and dendrite penetration problem. This study addresses these issues by manipulating the surface property of garnet-based LLZTO (Li6.5La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12) SSE. The manipulation is achieved by varying thickness of Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD), followed by sintering. Research results show that the relative density, ionic conductivity, and hardness of LLZTO are improved while electronic conductivity is reduced due to the formation of multiple complexions at grain boundary (GB). The SSE pellets also demonstrate improved wettability with Li metal, leading to stable galvanostatic Li plating/stripping cycling with low polarization, which allows for batter battery performance than pristine one. The concept of modifying SSE through the grain boundary complexion modification by thin ALD coating for enhancing the dendrite tolerance with better electrochemical properties of SSE may open a new direction for solid state battery research. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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Influence of nanocrystalline nickel powder on oxidation resistance of spark plasma sintered Ni-17Cr6.5Co1.2Mo6Al4W7.6Ta alloy

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Journal of King Saud University - engineering sciences 2020年第3期32卷 198-204页

作者： Babalola, Bukola Joseph Maledi, Nthabiseng Shongwe, Mxolisi Brendon Bodunrin, Michael Oluwatosin Obadele, Babatunde Abiodun Olubambi, Peter Apata Department of Chemical Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Department of Chemical Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Botswana International University of Science and Technology Palapye Botswana Center for NanoEngineering and Tribocorrosion School of Mining Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus Johannesburg2028 South Africa

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the isothermal oxidation behavior of nickel based superalloys at 1100 °C for 120 h. The alloys which were microstructured and nanostructured were developed by spark plasma sintering system. The oxidation test was carried out at a temperature of 1100 °C in air at different exposure time up to 120 h. The nanostructured nickel based alloy possessed better oxidation resistance with the formation of continuous adherent alumina, chromia scales, and spinel on the alloy surface and with no significant internal oxides. The oxidation rate of NiO was observed to be lower in the nanostructured nickel superalloy due to low diffusion rate of Nickel. The oxidation kinetics followed a parabolic oxidation law. © 2019 The Authors

关键词： Spark plasma sintering

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Large-Scale Distributed Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of the NASA Lift-Plus-Cruise Air Taxi Concept

Large-Scale Distributed Multidisciplinary Design Optimizatio...

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AIAA science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： van Schie, Sebastiaan P. C. Ruh, Marius L. Fletcher, Andrew Warner, Michael Sperry, Mark Scotzniovsky, Luca Orndorff, Nicholas C. Xiang, Ru Yan, Jiayao Zhao, Han Krokowski, Joshua J. Chen, J.S. Sarojini, Darshan Gill, Hyunjune Lee, Seongkyu Tagg, Andrew Anderson, Ryan Green, Eric Joseph, Cibin Ning, Andrew Cheng, Zeyu Cao, Zhi Mi, Chunting Guibert, Alexandre T. R. Cronk, Ashley Kim, H. Alicia Meng, Y. Shirley Silva, Christopher Hwang, John T. University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla CA92093 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla CA92093 United States Department of Structural Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla CA92093 United States Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Department Virginia Tech 1600 Innovation Dr BlacksburgVA24060 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Davis 1 Shields Avenue DavisCA95616 United States Mechanical Engineering Brigham Young University ProvoUT84602 United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Dr San Diego92182 United States Structural Engineering Department University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla CA92093 United States Materials Science & Engineering Program University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla CA92093 United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago ChicagoIL60607 United States NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA94035 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

Large-scale gradient-based Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) can aid in the exploration of high-dimensional design spaces for novel air vehicle concepts, thereby leading to more efficient and economic designs. This paper builds on past works where we demonstrated large-scale physics-based MDO capabilities and applied these to NASA’s lift-plus-cruise electric air taxi concept. We extend this comprehensive mid-fidelity system-level optimization problem with high(er)-fidelity subsystem-level optimizations of various aircraft systems and mission phases, with the aim of further enhancing the accuracy and scope of the aforementioned system-level optimization problem: 1) Power minimization during the transition mission phase;2) Electrical powertrain topology optimization;3) Cell chemistry modeling and thermomechanical battery pack topology optimization;4) Shell-based coupled aero-elastic wing structure optimization. An Analytical Target Cascading-like distributed MDO architecture allows us to couple the system- and subsystem-level optimizations in order to arrive at a consistent and feasible design. We find that the system-level design is most heavily impacted by the reduced battery pack-level energy densities that stem from power peaks in the mission profile. These power peaks seem to result from the inefficient lift rotor blade designs that are needed to satisfy noise constraints. We draw conclusions based on trends in our results and give recommendations for future MDO studies of electrical air taxi vehicle concepts. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Shape optimization

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