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2024 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science, SCEECS 2024

作者： Sheik Sidthik, A. Sarathkumar, D. Sivadasan, J. Sampath Kumar, V. Leo John Baptist, A. Annamalai, A. Rajeshkanna, R. Raymon, A. Vsb College of Engineering Department of Eee Technical Campus Tamilnadu Coimbatore642 109 India Kongu Engineering College Department of Eee Tamilnadu Erode638 060 India Psr Engineering College Department of Ece Tamil Nadu Sivakasi626 140 India Grant Thornton Botswana Plot 50370 Acument Park Fair Grounds Gaborone Botswana Botho University Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Information Technology Gaborone Botswana Botho University Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Network and Infrastructure Management Gaborone Botswana Thamirabarani Engineering College Department of Eee Tamilnadu Tirunelveli627 358 India Kongu Engineering College Department Eee Tamilnadu Erode638 060 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348460

The addition of antioxidants to the Transformer Oil (TO) is increasingly important due to its benefits during the operation of transformers. Despite its excellent dielectric function, the liquid insulation deteriorates by temperature and moisture. The over-addition of antioxidants (Ax) leads to agglomeration and the less-addition leads to poor dielectric properties. However, to keep the Primary Ax (PriAx) and Preventive Ax (PreAx) in phase with the TO, this method uses an emulsifier and stabilizer called Lecithin (Ln). To find the optimal addition of additives this method uses Response Surface Method (RSM) - Central Composite Design (CCD). The overall proposed method mathematical designs and evaluate the generated models. The optimal solutions are obtained using numerical optimization attempt and thereby creating 2D design spaces. Hence, this method provides both desirability and credibility. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Antioxidants Central composite design Optimization Response surface method Transformer oil

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Cybersecurity Risks Quantification in the Internet of Things 7

Cybersecurity Risks Quantification in the Internet of Things

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7th IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in engineering, ICRAIE 2022

作者： Alagappan, Annamalai Baptist Andrews, Leo John Sampath Kumar, V. Raj, Raymon Antony Sarathkumar, D. Botho University Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Network and Infrastructure Management Gaborone Botswana Botho University Faculty of Computing Department of Software Engineering Botswana Grant Thornton Plot 50370 Acument Park Fair Grounds Gaborone Botswana Kongu Engineering College Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Tamilnadu India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665489102

A dynamic platform, the Internet of Things uses data, which in turn invites cybersecurity risks. In a dynamic and complicated world, many organisations are putting more of their attention into understanding cyber threats and attempting to quantify their exposure. This paper highlights and goes into great detail on standard cyber risk assessment methods while focusing on the assessment of cybersecurity threats in IoT and its vectors through a risk-based approach employing machine learning algorithms. Based on the statistical research, it can be determined that the CAQ model utilising J48 classifies at 94 percent, while the Bayesian method performs in evaluating possible risks at 82 percent. The Bayes algorithm also aids in estimating complicated risks coming from various sources, aids in comprehending how risk variables originate and connect in an IoT environment, and aids in determining what controls are necessary for quantifying and reducing them. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Cybersecurity

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Characterizing PM2.5 Pollution in Urban Jakarta: Insights from Morphology, Elemental Composition, and Concentration Analysis 3rd

Characterizing PM2.5 Pollution in Urban Jakarta: Insights fr...

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3rd International Conference on Radioscience, Equatorial Atmospheric Science and Environment, INCREASE 2023

作者： Qonitan, Fatimah Dinan Kuncoro, Nadhine Wahyutami Rahman, Ari Rahmi, Silmi Alfia Damayanti, Seny Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Infrastructure Planning Universitas Pertamina Jakarta Indonesia Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science University of Birmingham BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819707393

Increasing public concern about air quality in Jakarta's urban areas has brought attention to the critical issue of air pollution's impact on public health, given that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is consistently identified as a critical pollutant with adverse effects, comprehending its sources and levels is essential for effective air quality management. This research aimed to assess the mass concentration of PM2.5 in a mixed-urban site in Kebayoran Lama district, South Jakarta, Indonesia. Specifically, this study investigates PM2.5 concentration, morphology, and elemental composition during the beginning of the dry season in 2023. Data collection occurred over a week in May 2023, employing a High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) for each 24-h sampling duration, as mandated by the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). A comparison with a 2020 study during the COVID-19 pandemic suggests a post-pandemic deterioration in air quality. The morphology and elemental composition were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Results from this study revealed an average concentration of PM2.5 concentration was 38.81 ± 15.20 µg/Nm3 (95% CI), and Air Quality Index was 80.73 ± 16.81 (95% CI), indicative of a "moderate" air quality level. When considering temporal fluctuations, PM2.5 concentrations exhibited significantly higher levels on weekdays than on weekends, reflecting a + 49.06% increase. This study also found that a measurement during the weekdays surpassed the NAAQS threshold with a concentration of 65.20 µg/Nm3. SEM–EDS indicated contributions from vehicular emissions and coal combustion. While potential sources, including South Jakarta and East Jakarta, are identified through elemental analysis, pinpointing exact locations requires further investigation. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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Unlocking Power Transformer Reliability: DGA in Mineral Oil and Natural Esters

Unlocking Power Transformer Reliability: DGA in Mineral Oil ...

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IEEE Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS)

作者： Sarathkumar D Raymon Antony Raj Srinivasan Murugesan Leo John Baptist Andrews Annamalai Alagappan Sivadasan J Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Kongu Engineering College Tamil Nadu India Department of Information Technology Faculty of Engineering and Technology Botho University Gaborone Botswana Department of Network and Infrastructure Management Faculty of Engineering and Technology Botho University Gaborone Botswana Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering PSR Engineering College Sivakasi Tamil Nadu India

The crucial factor in ensuring the reliability of any power transformer lies in thoroughly examining the analysis of dissolved gases (DG). However, there have been instances where the DG of the insulating oil alone has not been sufficient to assess its suitability. This study focuses on a posteriority analysis of the DG for both Mineral Oil (MO) and Natural Ester (NE). The DG analysis (DGA) results of MO and Natural Esters are compared based on the standards outlined in ASTM D3612-02. Key gases, grouped as group 1 (H 2 , CO, and CO 2 ) and group 2 (CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , and C 2 H 2 ), are examined in terms of their retention time to determine the oil's suitability under actual transformer conditions. By segregating and interpreting the data of these Key Gases (KG) groups, a comprehensive understanding of their impact is gained, contributing to a deeper comprehension of the subject - UNDERSTANDING KEY GASES. Throughout the analysis, it is observed that the sum of key gases in both MO and natural esters remains below 1000 ppm, which is the safe limit for combustion. Consequently, the significance of this analysis underscores the importance of monitoring key gas proportions in insulating fluids to ensure transformer safety and performance.

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Artificial Intelligence Method for Detecting Brain Cancer using Advanced Intelligent Algorithms 4

Artificial Intelligence Method for Detecting Brain Cancer us...

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4th International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems, ICESC 2023

作者： Armstrong Joseph, J. Keshav Kumar, K. Veerraju, N. Ramadass, Sudhir Narayanan, Sreekumar Vidhya, R.G. Thamirabharani Engineering College Department of CSE Tamilnadu Tirunelveli India Shaikpet Department of Humanities and Mathematics Telangana Hyderabad India Srkr Engineering College China Amiram Department of Engineering Mathematics West Godavari District Andhra Pradesh Bhimavaram India Sterck Systems Private Limited Data Analytics Chennai India Botho University Network and Infrastructure Management Faculty of Engineering and Technology Gaborone Botswana Hkbk College of Engineering Department of Ece Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350300093

Because of the gravity of this condition, the development of trustworthy detection tools for brain cancer is an absolute need. The K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm and the genetic algorithm are only two examples of the machine learning algorithms that have been deployed in recent years to identify brain cancer in scans. Other examples include the neural network algorithm and the ensemble learning algorithm. This study proposes a combination of KNN algorithm with the genetic algorithm in order to identify cases of brain cancer based only on MRI scans. In order to preprocess the MRI images, the median filter is used, and after that, the genetic algorithm is utilized for the purposes of feature extraction as well as feature selection. The KNN algorithm is then used to determine whether or not the photos of the brain indicate cancerous or normal tissue. The photographs of the brain are then classed accordingly. This, in turn, is beneficial to the feature extraction and feature selection phases. These repercussions may be positive or negative. This strategy provides a solid groundwork for the development of efficient diagnostic tools, and it is also applicable to a variety of other medical imaging applications. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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A Smart City Concept for Botswana in the Sub Saharan Region of Africa 2

A Smart City Concept for Botswana in the Sub Saharan Region ...

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2nd International Conference on Innovative Sustainable Computational Technologies, CISCT 2022

作者： Andrews, Leo John Baptist Alagappan, Annamalai Venkatachary, Sampath Kumar Sarathkumar, D. Raj, Raymon Antony Botho University Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Computing Botswana Botho University Department of Network and Infrastructure Management Faculty of Engineering and Technology Gaborone Botswana Grant Thornton Botswana Plot 50370 Acument Park Fair Grounds Gaborone Botswana Kongu Engineering College Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Tamilnadu Erode638 060 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665474160

The Internet of Things (IoT) as a technology and its adaptation into mainstreams by various governments across the globe has set developmental pace for many new innovations in IoT. IoTs are transforming cities across globe in the form of ensuring healthcare, understanding traffic, building better and efficient services in the form of delivery in various sectors like energy, water and sanitation etc while improving quality of life and to establish the smart city. This paper place aims to understand some of these technologies and how it can be adopted as technology into the Sub-Sharan African region with a focus on Botswana to make a smart city. The article attempts to highlight key issues that must be resolved to achieve improved IoT adoption for Botswana's development of smart cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Smart city

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Cybersecurity Risks Mitigation in the Internet of Things 2

Cybersecurity Risks Mitigation in the Internet of Things

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2nd International Conference on Innovative Sustainable Computational Technologies, CISCT 2022

作者： Alagappan, Annamalai Andrews, Leo John Baptist Venkatachary, Sampath Kumar Sarathkumar, D. Raj, Raymon Antony Botho University Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Network and Infrastructure Management Gaborone Botswana Botho University Faculty of Computing Department of Software Engineering Botswana Grant Thornton Botswana Plot 50370 Acument Park Fair Grounds Gaborone Botswana Kongu Engineering College Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Tamilnadu Erode638 060 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665474160

Internet of Things is a dynamic platform and involves data which in turn attracts cybersecurity threats. Numerous organisations are increasingly placing its focus towards understanding cyber risks in a dynamic and complex environment while also trying to quantify their exposure. This article focuses on addressing the assessment of cybersecurity threats in IoT and its vectors through a risk-based approach using machine learning algorithms while highlighting and discussing the traditional cyber risk assessment techniques at length. Built on the statistics analysis, it can be decided that the Bayesian algorithm performs in estimating the potential risks at 82% and in comparison, the CAQ model using J48 classifies at 94%. The Bayes algorithm also helps in quantifying the complex risks originating from different sources and helps in understanding how the risk factors emerge and connect in an IoT environment and what controls are required for mitigating them. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Cybersecurity

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An Employability Skills Model for Built Environment Graduates: A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

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International Journal of Construction Education and Research 2025年第1期21卷 74-93页

作者： Aliu, John Aghimien, Douglas Aigbavboa, Clinton Oke, Ayodeji Emmanuel Ebekozien, Andrew Institute for Resilient Infrastructure Systems College of Engineering University of Georgia Athens GA United States School of Art Design and Architecture Faculty of Arts Design and Humanities De Montfort University Leicester United Kingdom SARChi in Sustainable Construction Management and Leadership in the Built Environment Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa Research Group on Sustainable Infrastructure Management Plus (RG-SIM+) Department of Quantity Surveying Federal University of Technology Akure Ondo Akure Nigeria CIDB Centre of Excellence Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Gauteng South Africa School of Social Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang Minden Malaysia Department of Quantity Surveying Auchi Polytechnic Edo Auchi Nigeria

This study presents a six-construct employability skills model for built environment graduates in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). The model examines the influence of generic skills, discipline-specific skills, work-integrated learning, emotional intelligence, university-industry collaboration and 4IR knowledge on graduate employability. A mixed-method approach was employed, including the Delphi technique for qualitative analysis and a well-structured questionnaire for quantitative analysis. The findings highlight the significant impact of work-integrated learning on improved employability, while also revealing the direct influence of other exogenous variables. Notably, discipline-specific skills showed a weaker influence. This research contributes to the field by presenting a tailored employability skills model for built environment graduates, addressing the sector’s unique challenges in the 4IR era. The study also offers practical implications for stakeholders involved in employability skills development. Overall, this study provides a substantive contribution to the research area of engineering education and graduate employability in the context of 4IR. In an ever-evolving job market shaped by technological advancements, this study underscores the importance of equipping built environment graduates with a diverse set of skills and knowledge to thrive in the dynamic landscape of the 4IR. © 2024 Associated Schools of Construction.

关键词： Built environment construction education employability fourth industrial revolution higher education skills revolution

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Smart contract applications in the built environment: How prepared are Nigerian construction stakeholders?

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Frontiers of engineering management 2024年第1期11卷 50-61页

作者： Andrew EBEKOZIEN Clinton AIGBAVBOA Samuel Adeniyi ADEKUNLE Mohamad Shaharudin SAMSURIJAN John ALIU Bernard Martins ARTHUR-AIDOO Godpower Chinyeru AMADI Department of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying University of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2006South Africa School of Social Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaGelugor11800 USM PenangMalaysia Department of Quantity Surveying Auchi PolytechnicAuchiNigeria Institute for Resilient Infrastructure Systems College of EngineeringUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Department of Building Technology Faculty of Built EnvironmentAccra Technical UniversityAccraGhana Nigerian Institute of Management Port HarcourtNigeria

Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology,such as smart contract applications,can enhance both pre-and post-contract administration within the built environment *** contract technology,exemplifying blockchain technologies,has the potential to improve transparency,trust,and the security of data transactions within this ***,there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries,with a specific focus on ***,this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption,offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract *** investigate the stakeholders,this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data *** interviewees encompassed project management practitioners,senior management personnel from construction companies,experts in construction dispute resolution,professionals in construction software,and representatives from government construction *** data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic *** study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the *** the 12 identified barriers,issues such as identity theft and data leakage,communication and synchronization challenges,high computational expenses,lack of driving impetus,excessive electricity consumption,intricate implementation processes,absence of a universally applicable legal framework,and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the *** study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these *** conclusion,this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment,with a specific focus on promoting their *** may serve

关键词： built environment industry digitalization Nigeria smart contract technological revolution

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Water pollution and sanitation in Indonesia: a review on water quality, health and environmental impacts, management, and future challenges

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2024年第58期31卷 65967-65992页

作者： Wulandari, Retno Iswara, Aditya Prana Qadafi, Muammar Prayogo, Wisnu Astuti, Ratna Dwi Puji Utami, Rosetyati Retno Jayanti, Merri Awfa, Dion Suryawan, I. Wayan Koko Fitria, Laili Andhikaputra, Gerry Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya Jl. Harsono RM No. 67 Jakarta Indonesia Department of Disaster Management Postgraduate School Universitas Airlangga Surabaya60115 Indonesia Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology National Research and Innovation Agency Jalan Sangkuriang Bandung40135 Indonesia Department of Building Engineering Education Universitas Negeri Medan Medan20221 Indonesia Department of Environmental Health Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga Surabaya60115 Indonesia Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources National Research and Innovation Agency Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46 Cibinong Bogor16911 Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Sumatera South Lampung35365 Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Infrastructure Planning Universitas Pertamina Jakarta12220 Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak78124 Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering College of Engineering Chung Yuan Christian University 200 Chung-Pei Road Zhongli320 Taiwan

As an archipelagic tropical developing country, Indonesia is characterized by vast expanses of rural and isolated areas. This review aims to discuss water pollution and sanitation’s existing condition, health, and environmental impacts, alongside its management and challenges in Indonesia. The systematic review approach was utilized to ensure transparency and replicability, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Many water sources in Indonesia are contaminated by various pollutants such as heavy metals, microplastics, pesticides, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Moreover, the existing water and wastewater treatment plants cannot completely remove pollutants, including bacteria that cause waterborne diseases. The lack of proper sanitation facilities, including toilets and latrines, is not only reported in rural areas but also in peri-urban regions of Indonesia. This situation forces many to rely on unimproved water sources, such as river water, for their daily use and engage in open defecation, which may increase the risk of direct exposure to waterborne contaminants. Insufficient sanitation has been linked to significant public health issues in Indonesia, including maternal health complications, childhood stunting, and an increased incidence of waterborne diseases such as diarrhea. Based on the findings of this review, Indonesia still needs to improve its sanitation and water treatment facilities, as well as reduce pollution of the aquatic environment. This condition not only illustrates the condition of water and sanitation in Indonesia but can also be used as an illustration of how developing countries face various pollution and sanitation problems during the massive development and industry. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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