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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia computing and Systems (ICMCS)

作者： J. Fredriksson Department of Numerical Analysis and Computing Science Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Division of Human Brian Research Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden

We present the ECHBD system as a new approach to the neuroscientific discipline of brainmapping. The complexity of the brain and the potentially vast amount of brain measurement data collected, shared, and analyzed by many different research groups make experimental brain research a key area for use of multimedia database systems in the role of environments for experimental science. The neuroscientific research community has created a demand for such a system, capable of supporting analysis of 3D images of the brain, where ease of use and visual navigation are key issues. The focus of the paper is on how to handle large raster data sets in object oriented databases, visual interaction and Internet accessible research environments.

关键词： Internet Humans Database systems Image databases Visual databases Environmental management Neuroscience numerical analysis Area measurement Multimedia databases

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Hand gesture recognition using multi-scale colour features, hierarchical models and particle filtering

Hand gesture recognition using multi-scale colour features, ...

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International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition

作者： L. Bretzner I. Laptev T. Lindeberg Dept of Numerical Anal. & Comput. Sci. KTH Stockholm Sweden Department of Numerical Analysis and Computing Science Computational Vision and Active Perception Laboratory Stockholm Sweden

This paper presents algorithms and a prototype system for hand tracking and hand posture recognition. Hand postures are represented in terms of hierarchies of multi-scale colour image features at different scales, with qualitative inter-relations in terms of scale, position and orientation. In each image, detection of multi-scale colour features is performed. Hand states are then simultaneously detected and tracked using particle filtering, with an extension of layered sampling referred to as hierarchical layered sampling. Experiments are presented showing that the performance of the system is substantially improved by performing feature detection in colour space and including a prior with respect to skin colour. These components have been integrated into a real-time prototype system, applied to a test problem of controlling consumer electronics using hand gestures. In a simplified demo scenario, this system has been successfully tested by participants at two fairs during 2001.

关键词： Filtering Prototypes Image sampling Electronic equipment testing System testing Particle tracking Computer vision Skin Real time systems Control systems

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CUT FINITE ELEMENT DISCRETIZATIONS OF CELL-BY-CELL EMI ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY MODELS

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Berre, Nanna Rognes, Marie E. Massing, André Department of Mathematical Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Department for Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing Simula Research Laboratory Oslo Norway

The EMI (Extracellular-Membrane-Intracellular) model describes electrical activity in excitable tissue, where the extracellular and intracellular spaces and cellular membrane are explicitly represented. The model couples a system of partial differential equations in the intracellular and extracellular spaces with a system of ordinary differential equations on the membrane. A key challenge for the EMI model is the generation of high-quality meshes conforming to the complex geometries of brain cells. To overcome this challenge, we propose a novel cut finite element method (CutFEM) where the membrane geometry can be represented independently of a structured and easy-to-generated background mesh for the remaining computational domain. Starting from a Godunov splitting scheme, the EMI model is split into separate PDE and ODE parts. The resulting PDE part is a non-standard elliptic interface problem, for which we devise two different CutFEM formulations: one single-dimensional formulation with the intra/extracellular electrical potentials as unknowns, and a multi-dimensional formulation that also introduces the electrical current over the membrane as an additional unknown leading to a penalized saddle point problem. Both formulations are augmented by suitably designed ghost penalties to ensure stability and convergence properties that are insensitive to how the membrane surface mesh cuts the background mesh. For the ODE part, we introduce a new unfitted discretization to solve the membrane bound ODEs on a membrane interface that is not aligned with the background mesh. Finally, we perform extensive numerical experiments to demonstrate that CutFEM is a promising approach to efficiently simulate electrical activity in geometrically resolved brain *** Codes 65M60, 65M85, 65N30, 65N85, 92C20 Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrophysiology

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Invariance constraints for improving generalization in probabilistic neural networks

Invariance constraints for improving generalization in proba...

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International Conference on Neural Networks

作者： H.G.C. Traven Studies of Artificial Neural Systems (SANS) research group Department of Numerical Analysis and Computing Science (NADA) Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

Probabilistic neural networks can approximate class conditional densities in optimal (Bayesian) pattern classifiers. In natural pattern recognition applications, the size of the training set is always limited, making the approximation task difficult. Invariance constraints can significantly simplify the task of density approximation. A technique is presented for learning invariant representations, based on a statistical approach to ground invariance. An iterative method is developed formally for computing the maximum likelihood estimate to the parameters of an invariant mixture model. The method can be interpreted as a competitive training strategy for a radial basis function (RBF) network. It can be used for self-organizing formation of both invariant templates and features.< >

关键词： Intelligent networks Neural networks Artificial neural networks Pattern recognition Computer networks Bayesian methods Storage area networks numerical analysis Parameter estimation Organizing

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Object and pose recognition using contour and shape information

Object and pose recognition using contour and shape informat...

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International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)

作者： H. Cornelius D. Kragic J.-O. Eklundh Computational Vision and Active Perception Laboratory Centre for Autonomous Systems Department of Numerical Analysis and Computing Science Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

Object recognition and pose estimation are of significant importance for robotic visual servoing, manipulation and grasping tasks. Traditionally, contour and shape based methods have been considered as most adequate for estimating stable and feasible grasps (Bicchi and Kumar, 2000). A new research direction has been advocated in visual servoing where image moments are used to define a suitable error function to be minimized. Compared to appearance based methods, contour and shape based approaches are also suitable for use with range sensors such as, for example, lasers. In this paper, we evaluate a contour based object recognition system building on the method in Nelson and Selinger (1998), suitable for objects of uniform color properties such as cups, cutlery, fruits etc. This system is one of the building blocks of a more complex object recognition system based both on stereo and appearance cues, (Bjorkman and Kragic, 2004). The system has a significant potential both in terms of service robot and programming by demonstration tasks. Experimental evaluation shows promising results in terms of robustness to occlusion and noise

关键词： Shape Object recognition Service robots Robot programming Visual servoing Robotics and automation Computer vision Noise robustness Manufacturing industries Automatic programming

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Subgroup Discovery in MOOCs: A Big Data Application for Describing Different Types of Learners

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Luna, J.M. Fardoun, H.M. Padillo, F. Romero, C. Ventura, S. Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Saudi Arabia

The aim of this paper is to categorize and describe different types of learners in massive open online courses (MOOCs) by means of a subgroup discovery approach based on MapReduce. The final objective is to discover IF-THEN rules that appear in different MOOCs. The proposed subgroup discovery approach, which is an extension of the well-known FP-Growth algorithm, considers emerging parallel methodologies like MapReduce to be able to cope with extremely large datasets. As an additional feature, the proposal includes a threshold value to denote the number of courses that each discovered rule should satisfy. A post-processing step is also included so redundant subgroups can be removed. The experimental stage is carried out by considering de-identified data from the first year of 16 MITx and HarvardX courses on the edX platform. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MapReduce approach outperforms traditional sequential subgroup discovery approaches, achieving a runtime that is almost constant for different courses. Additionally, thanks to the final post-processing step, only interesting and not-redundant rules are discovered, hence reducing the number of subgroups in one or two orders of magnitude. Finally, the discovered subgroups are easily used by courses’ instructors not only for descriptive purposes but also for additional tasks such as recommendation or personalization. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： MapReduce

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Fuzzy Linguistic Query-based User Profile Learning by Multiobjective Genetic Algorithms

Fuzzy Linguistic Query-based User Profile Learning by Multio...

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International Workshop on Genetic and Evolving Systems, GEFS

作者： Oscar Cordon Enrique Herrera-Viedma Maria Luque European Centre for Soft Computing Micros Mieres Spain Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Granada Granada Spain Department of Computing and Numerical Analysis University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain

In this paper, a multiobjective genetic algorithm is proposed to automatically learn persistent fuzzy linguistic queries for text retrieval applications. These queries are able to represent user's long-term standing information needs in a more interpretable way than the classical "bag of words" user profile structure. Thanks to its multiobjective nature, the introduced genetic fuzzy system is able to build different queries for the same information need in a single run, with a different trade-off between precision and recall. The experiments performed on the classical CACM collection show that although the different queries obtained from our genetic fuzzy system are less accurate in the retrieval task than those derived by one state-of-the-art bag of words method, they compose more flexible, comprehensible and expressive user profiles

关键词： Genetic algorithms Fuzzy systems Fuzzy neural networks Database languages Proposals Information retrieval IP networks Fuzzy sets Routing Data mining

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Retaining body language in subjective virtual environments using artifact-centred coordinate systems

Retaining body language in subjective virtual environments u...

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Annual Hawaii International Conference on System sciences (HICSS)

作者： K.-M. Jaa-Aro D. Snowdon Interaction and Presentation Laboratory Department of Numerical Analysis and Computing Science Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Communications Research Group Department of Computer Science University of Nottingham Nottingham UK

Embodiment and subjectivity are important research issues for collaborative virtual environments. The authors claim that the direction and distance of an embodiment are the most important indicators of the relation between a user and surrounding objects or other users. In an objective view of a virtual environment embodiment motion is unambiguous since all users will see all other users and all artifacts in the same positions. However there are many reasons to present different views of the same basic data set to different users. If objects end up in different positions in different views, one cannot retain a common coordinate system for the embodiments, since directions and distances are distorted. They present an implementation of artifact-centred coordinate mappings by which the positions of the artifacts that the user is interacting with govern how that user is represented to other users of the system.

关键词： Virtual environment Collaborative work numerical analysis Collaboration Computer science Protocols Resumes Visualization Topology Context

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Neuromodulation can significantly change the dynamical state of cortical networks

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Behavioral and Brain sciences 2010年第2期19卷 303-304页

作者： Hans Liljenström SANS-Studies of Artificial Neural Systems Department of Numerical Analysis and Computing Science Royal Institute of Technology S-100 44 Stockholm Sweden hali@sans.kth.se

We present simulation results of an olfactory cortex model complementing the results presented in Wright & Liley's target article. We show how the cortical dynamics as expressed in EEG can be regulated by neuromodulation and discuss how the system can attain global stability without cortical-subcortical interaction, as presumed necessary by Wright & Liley. Network structure is shown to be crucial.

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Discontinuous element approximation for dynamic fracture

Discontinuous element approximation for dynamic fracture

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8th International Conference on Computational Plasticity: Fundamentals and Applications, COMPLAS VIII

作者： Arranz, A. Petrinic, N. Suli, E. Oxford University Computing Laboratory Numerical Analysis Group Oxford University Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QD United Kingdom Department of Engineering Science Solid Mechanics Group Oxford University Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PJ United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)8495999781

A new set of numerical methods for predictive modeling of crack propagation on aircraft structures based on discontinuous interpolation is introduced. These methods solve many shortcomings and limitations of classical FEMs, in particular in terms of accuracy and stability of the numerical approximation. The combination of these methods with appropriate adaptive local re-meshing can circumvent the unreliability and high mesh-dependency of classical approaches, and can effectively model fracture onset and propagation. Some results are presented on the simulation of fracture of ductile and brittle materials.

关键词： Airframes

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