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Inorganic Additives Induce More Small-Sized microplastics Releasing from Medical Face Masks

Environmental Science and technology 2025年第18期59卷 9188-9198页

作者： Wang, Licheng Xie, Lifang Li, Yumo Huang, Tingting You, Wenbo Tahir, Muhammad Ali Wang, Wei Ge, Qiuyue Liu, Yangyang Wang, Tao Wang, Longqian Ruan, Xuejun Ji, Minbiao Zhang, Liwu Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Department of Physics Academy for Engineering and Technology Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures Ministry of Education Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

Although previous studies have extensively explored the release of microplastics from masks, the specific influence of inorganic additives on microplastic emissions has remained unidentified. Herein, we performed a comparative analysis of medical face masks (MFMs) with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) additives against those devoid of CaCO3 to understand their roles in microplastic release. Briefly, our investigation employed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to examine micro- and nanoplastic release, while the stereoscopic characterization of mixing states of additives in microplastic was accomplished through a simulated Raman scattering (SRS). We also pioneered a three-dimensional imaging (3D imaging) method for investigating the internal aging of plastic using SRS, which clearly revealed the link between inorganic additives inside polymers and photoaging. We found that inorganic additives substantially accelerate the photoaging of the plastic materials through multiple pathways and induce more small-sized microplastics. Follow-up radical quenching experiments confirmed carbonate radicals as the main cause of this phenomenon. Our research exposes the hazardous potential of inorganic additives in masks to amplify the emission of microplastics. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Stimulated Raman scattering

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Natural and Intrinsic Vacancies in two-dimensional g-C3N4 for Trapping Isolated B and C Atoms as Color Centers

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： You, Manqi He, Chaoyu Guo, Gencai Zhong, Jianxin Institute for Quantum Science and Technology Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University Hunan411105 China

Color centers are vital for quantum information processing, but traditional ones often suffer from instability, difficulty in realization and precise control of locations. In contrast, natural intrinsic vacancy-based color centers in two-dimensional systems offer enhanced stability and tunability. In this work, we demonstrate that g-C3N4 with natural intrinsic vacancies is highly suitable for trapping B/C atoms to form stable color centers as qubits. With easily identifiable vacancies, B/C atoms are expectable to be placed at the vacancy sites in g-C3N4 through STM manipulation. The vacancy sites are confirmed as the most stable adsorption positions, and once atoms are adsorbed, they are protected by diffusion barriers from thermal diffusions. The most stable charge states are CV+2/BV+2, CV+1/BV+1 and CV0/BV0 in turn, with charge transition levels of 0.39 eV and 2.49 eV, respectively. Specifically, the defect levels and net spin of Cv/Bv can be adjusted by charge states. CV, CV+1, CV+2, BV+1 and BV+2 exhibit optically allowable defect transition levels. The zero-phonon lines suggest fluorescence wavelengths fall within the mid-infrared band, ideal for qubit operations of stable initialization and read out. Furthermore, the Zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameter and the characteristic hyperfine tensor are provided as potential fingerprints for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Atoms

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Five-user quantum virtual local area network with an AlGaAs entangled photon source

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第3期68卷 61-73页

作者： Cheng Qian Hongkai Tian Xu Jing Yichen Liu Zhe Chen Huiran Luo Yuan Du Xiaodong Zheng Tangsheng Chen Yuechan Kong Hua-Lei Yin Dong Jiang Bin Niu Liangliang Lu Key Laboratory of State Manipulation and Advanced Materials in Provincial Universities School of Physical Science and TechnologyNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China School of Internet Anhui UniversityHefei230039China National Key Laboratory of Solid-State Microwave Devices and Circuits Nanjing Chip Valley Industrial Technology InstituteNanjing Electronic Devices InstituteNanjing210016China Research Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Communication School of ScienceQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation(Ministry of Education)Renmin University of ChinaBeijing100872China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing100193China National Engineering Research Center of Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis and Application Anhui UniversityHefei230601China National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures and School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing210093China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei230088China

The promotion of quantum network applications demands the scalable connection of quantum *** is preferable to set up multiple logical networks coexisting on a single physical network infrastructure to accommodate a larger number of *** we present a quantum virtual network architecture that offers this level of scalability,without being constrained to a fixed physical-layer network relying solely on passive multiplexing *** architecture can be understood as arising from the superposition of a fully connected entanglement distribution network and port-based virtual local area network,which group multiusers by access *** terms of hardware,we leverage a semiconductor chip with a high figure-of-merit modal overlap to directly generate high-quality polarization entanglement,and a streamlined polarization analysis module,which requires only one single-photon detector for each end *** experimentally perform the BBM92 QKD protocol on the five-user quantum virtual network and demonstrate voice and image encryption on a campus area *** results may provide insights into the realization of large-scale quantum networks with integrated and cost-efficient photonic architecture.

关键词： quantum network quantum entanglement distribution integrated photonics image and voice encryption

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KCl acts as a flux to assist the growth of sub-millimeter-scale metallic 2D non-layered molybdenum dioxide

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Rare Metals 2025年第1期44卷 404-416页

作者： Li-Ying Deng Qing Zhang Wang-Yang Li Xiao-Yuan Ye Yi-Fan Zhao Shen-Zhong Chen Yu-Lan Wang Xing-Hui Wang Hui-Peng Chen Zhi-Yang Yu Qun Yan Shu-Ying Cheng Tai-Liang Guo Wen-Ping Hu Feng Ding Jie Sun National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology College of Physics and Information EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350100China Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensing Technology College of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceMinistry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin) Tianjin300072China College of Physics and Information Engineering Institute of Micro-Nano Devices and Solar CellsFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116China Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518000China

Two-dimensional(2D)metal oxides(2DMOs),such as MoO_(2),have made impressive strides in recent years,and their applicability in a number of fields such as electronic devices,optoelectronic devices and lasers has been ***,2DMOs present challenges in their synthesis using conventional methods due to their non-van der Waals *** report that KCl acts as a flux to prepare large-area 2DMOs with sub-millimeter *** systematically investigate the effects of temperature,homogeneous time and cooling rate on the products in the flux method,demonstrating that in this reaction a saturated homogenous solution is obtained upon the melting of the salt and ***,the cooling rate was adjusted to regulate the thickness of the target crystals,leading to the precipitation of 2D non-layered material from the supersaturated solution;by applying this method,the highly crystalline non-layered 2D MoO_(2)flakes with so far the largest lateral size of up to sub-millimeter scale(~464μm)were *** studies have revealed that the 2D MoO_(2)features metallic properties,with an excellent sheet resistance as low as 99Ω·square^(-1 )at room temperature,and exhibits a property of charge density wave in the measurement of resistivity as a function of temperature.

关键词： 2D non-layered materials Metallic Metal oxide Thickness modulation Flux method

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High-performance flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) thin-film photodetector for tunable color imaging and wearable physiological monitoring applications

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nano Research 2025年第2期18卷 687-698页

作者： Shuo Chen Hong-Bo Li Yi Fu Guo-Qiang Liu Muhammad Ishaq Jun Luo Jian-Min Li Bo Che Jing-Ting Luo Liming Ding Tao Chen Guang-Xing Liang Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China The Hospital of Shenzhen General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection Shenzhen 518024China Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro-and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education School of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Center for Excellence in Nanoscience(CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication(CAS)National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190China

Antimony selenide(Sb_(2)Se_(3))has recently made considerable photovoltaic,advancements in photoelectrochemical,and photodetector research scenarios,owing to its advantageous material merits and superior optoelectronic *** contrast,the exploration of flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) photoelectric devices are less attempted,though it possesses unique one-dimensional(1D)crystal structure to enable large deformation ***,we develop a flexible Sb2Ses thin-film photodetector on polyimide *** to the high-quality SbSes light absorber and benign interfaces at both back contact and heterojunction regions,the carrier dynamics are effectively *** leading flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) photodetector showcases self-powered and broadband features,with exceptional responsivity of 0.51 A·W^(-1) and realistic detectivity up to 1.32×10^(13) Jones,ultra-fast response speed of 49 ns/351 ns of rise and decay times,and remarkable mechanical deformation stability,flourishing the high-level development for flexible Sb_(2)Se_(3) ***,a tunable single/dual-color flexible imaging system under band alignment modulation,along with a wearable and accurate heart rate/arterial blood oxygen saturation photoplethysmography detection system highlights the great application potential for flexible Sb,Ses photodetectors.

关键词： Sb_(2)Se_(3) flexible thin-film photodetector color imaging heart rate arterial blood oxygen saturation

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Methanol steam mediated corrosion engineering towards high-entropy NiFe layered double hydroxide for ultra-stable oxygen evolution

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第1期36卷 338-343页

作者： Jinqiang Gao Haifeng Yuan Xinjuan Du Feng Dong Yu Zhou Shengnan Na Yanpeng Chen Mingyu Hu Mei Hong Shihe Yang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research School of Advanced MaterialsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School(PKUSZ)Shenzhen 518055China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Rational design of viable routes to obtain efficient and stable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts remains challenging,especially under industrial ***,we provide a solvent-steam assisted corrosion engineering strategy to directly fabricate high-entropy NiF e-LDH with spatially resolved structural *** fluoride in methanol steam enables the formation of nanosheets while Fe^(3+)effectively enhances their adhesion to the semi-sacrificial nickel-iron foam(NFF),thereby conjuring up a Ni Fe-LDH@NFF catalyst that exhibits remarkable adaptability to robust electrochemical activation yet with excellent *** measurements reveal the in-situ formation of high-valance metal oxyhydroxide and the enhancement of adsorption-desorption *** the industrial condition(6 mol/L KOH,60℃),the Ni Fe-LDH@NFF exhibits excellent activity of 50 mA/cm^(2) at 1.55 V and high durability of over 120 h at 200 mA/cm^(2).We anticipate that the steam assisted strategy could promote the development of efficient non-precious electrocatalysts for hydrogen energy.

关键词： High-entropy material Corrosion engineering NiFe-LDH Oxygen evolution reaction Stability

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Promoting Mn3+ Spin-State Transitions from t2g to eg through Ni Doping in Antiperovskite CuNMn3 for Highly Efficient Ammonia Synthesis

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Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2025年第20期16卷 5025-5033页

作者： Yan, Yuxiang Zhou, Jinyu Ren, Hengdong Li, Linze Wang, Ka Feng, Lei Ma, Siying Wu, Qifan Wang, Di Yang, Yurong Ma, Chunlan Xu, Xiaobing Wu, Xinglong National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application School of Physical Science and Technology Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou215009 China College of Electronic Engineering Nanjing Xiaozhuang University Nanjing211171 China

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (e-NRR) offers a sustainable approach to ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions, with the potential to replace the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. Despite significant progress in this promising field, the low NH3 yield rate and limited Faradaic efficiency (FE) remain formidable challenges. Here, we introduce antiperovskite Cu1-xNixNMn3, where partial substitution of Cu by Ni in CuNMn3 is developed as an effective and robust e-NRR electrocatalyst. Notably, Cu0.7Ni0.3NMn3 demonstrates outstanding e-NRR performance, achieving an NH3 yield rate of 33.9 ± 1.1 μg h-1 mg-1, an FE of 19.2 ± 0.62% at −0.4 V versus RHE, and excellent long-term stability over 50 h of electrolysis. In-depth mechanistic studies reveal that the Ni/Cu exchange process in Cu1-xNixNMn3 maintains structural integrity and stabilizes the valence states. Ni atoms at the corner sites interact with adjacent Mn atoms at the face centers via antiferromagnetic interactions, altering the original magnetic exchange interactions. This modification triggers a spin-state transition of some Mn3+ ions from a low-spin (t2g4eg0) to a high-spin (t2g3eg1) configuration. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the improved eg orbital electronic configuration enhances N2 adsorption energy at Mn catalytic sites and promotes the hydrogenation of N2 to form *NNH intermediates, thereby accounting for the high activity of Cu0.3Ni0.7NMn3 in the e-NRR. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Electrolytic reduction

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Complementary self-assembled monolayers enabling improved energy level alignment in inverted perovskite solar cells

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2025年第5期104卷 136-145页

作者： Shantao Zhang Xiaofen Jiang Xue Wang Yan Gao TianAo Hou Xiaoqian Teng Haolin Wang Wenjing Chen Shuang Gao Xinyu Li Ziqi Hu Xiaojun Wu Zhengguo Xiao Tao Chen Yanwu Zhu Yalin Lu Xiaocheng Zeng Zonglong Zhu Shangfeng Yang Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials(iChEM)Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of Chin1Hefei 230026AnhuiChina Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Research InstituteCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong 999077China Department of Physics CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of Chin1Hefei 230026AnhuiChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong 999077China

Self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)have been commonly employed as hole-selective layers(HSLs)in inverted(p-i-n)perovskite solar cells(PSCs),and typically only a single-component SAM is applied,which plays limited role in selective hole ***,we synthesize a novel SAM,(4-(3,11-dibro mo-7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazol-7-yl)butyl)phosphonic acid(Br-4PADBC),and apply it as a complementary component to the commonly used[2-(3,6-dimeth oxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid(MeO-2PACz)SAM,accomplishing boosted hole transport in inverted PSCs.A series of characterizations and theoretical calculations are employed to unravel the roles of each components within the binary SAM(bi-SAM).The involvements of the non-planar dibenzo[c,g]carbazole unit and electron-withdrawing Br atoms induce larger dipole moment of Br-4PADBC than MeO-2PACz,resulting in much deeper work function of ITO and consequently improved alignment with the valence band energy level of ***,the introduced Br atoms improve the quality of perovskite crystals and help passivate defects of *** the other hand,the existence of the conventional MeO-2PACz SAM ensures the considerable conductivity of the bi-SAM and thus efficient hole extraction from the perovskite *** a result,inverted PSC devices based on bi-SAM HSL deliver a decent power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 24.52%as well as dramatically improved thermal and operational stabilities.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Self-assembled monolayer Hole-selective layer Dibenzo[c g]carbazole Dipole moment

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Regulation of nucleation and crystallization for blade-coating large-area CsPbBr_(3)perovskite light-emitting diodes

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Science Bulletin 2025年第2期70卷 212-222页

作者： Guoyi Chen Shuxin Wang Zhiqiu Yu Chaomin Dong Peng Jia Dexin Pu Kailian Dong Hongsen Cui Hongyi Fang Chen Wang Ruimin Gao Fang Yao Weijun Ke Gang Li Guojia Fang Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro-and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education School of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Mathematics and Statistics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200China Shenzhen Research Institute Wuhan UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)and large-area perovskite color conversion layers for liquid crystal display exhibit great potential in the field of illumination and ***-coating method stands out as a highly suitable technique for fabricating large-scale films,albeit with challenges such as uneven nucleation coverage and non-uniformity crystallization *** this work,we developed an in-situ characterization measurement system to monitor the perovskite nucleation,and crystallization *** incorporating formamidine acetate(FAAc)into perovskite precursor solutions,the nucleation rate and nuclei density of perovskite were increased,leading to more uniform *** addition,we inserted a layer of[2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid above the poly(9-vinylcarbazole)hole transport *** layer acts as an anchor for the perovskite nano-crystal nuclei formed in the precursor,enhancing the steric hindrance of the solute and subsequently slowing down the crystal growth rate,thereby improving crystal *** on these improvements,large-area perovskite nano-polycrystalline films with significantly improved uniformity and enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield were obtained.A small-area PeLED(2 mm×2 mm)with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 25.91%was realized,marking the highest record of PeLED prepared by bladecoating method to *** ultra-large-area PeLED(5 cm×7 cm)was also prepared,which is the largest PeLED prepared by the solution method reported so far.

关键词： Perovskite light-emitting diodes Blade-coating method Large-area LED Nucleation and crystallization regulation

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Magnetic tuning of optical anisotropy in 2D materials: Insights from antiferromagnetic-TMDC interfaces

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nano Research 2025年第2期18卷 869-877页

作者： Miaoxia Gao Xing Xie Junying Chen Junnan Ding Fangping Ouyang Zongwen Liu Jian-Tao Wang Jun He Yanping Liu Institute of Quantum Physics School of PhysicsCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Physics and Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy ResourcesXinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia The University of Sydney Nano Institute The University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China

Atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)magnetic materials offer unique opportunities to enhance interactions between electron spin,charge,and lattice,leading to novel physical properties at low-dimensional *** extensive research has explored how breaking three-fold(Cs)rotational symmetry in transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDC)can induce optical anisotropy at heterointerfaces,the role of magnetism in modulating these anisotropic optical properties ***,engineerwe antiferromagnet/semiconductor heterostructure by coupling isotropic MoWSe_(2) with the low-symmetric antiferromagnet NiPSs,introducing in-plane anisotropy in the MoWSe_(2) ***-temperature photoluminescence(PL)measurements reveal a pronounced linear polarization-dependent exciton emission intensity at the MoWSe_(2)/NiPS interface,with anisotropy ratios of 1.09 and 1.07 for charged and neutral excitons,***,applying an out-of-plane magnetic field results in a dramatic rotation of the exciton polarization direction by up to 90°at 9 T,significantly exceeding the previously reported maximum deflection of around 27°.This pronounced polarization rotation is not solely attributed to valley coherence,indicating a strong influence of the magnetic order in *** findings provide new insights into the role of magnetic ordering in tuning optical anisotropy in 2D materials,paving the way for the development of advanced polarization-sensitive optoelectronic and magneto-optic devices.

关键词： transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDC) optical anisotropy symmetry engineering antiferromagnetic NiPS_(3)

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