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Enhancement of osteogenic potential and surface wettability of polycaprolactone using hydroxyapatite co-doped with vanadium and yttrium

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Ceramics International 2025年第15期51卷 20575-20594页

作者： Megha, M. Joy, Anjumol Mohan, Chandni C. Unnikrishnan, Gayathri Thomas, Jibu Haris, M. Bhatt, Sarita G. Kolanthai, Elayaraja Muthuswamy, Senthilkumar Department of Physics Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Coimbatore India College of Engineering Abu Dhabi University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Biotechnology Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi India Department of Biotechnology Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Coimbatore India Department of Applied Physics School of Arts and Natural Sciences Joy University Tirunelveli India Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre University of Central Florida OrlandoFL United States

Although advanced composites are becoming more common in therapeutic applications, there is still a significant need for materials that combine improved mechanical properties with biological functionality for successful bone tissue engineering. This study aimed to develop a novel polymeric nanocomposite by incorporating vanadium and yttrium co-doped hydroxyapatite (HVY) into a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix using the solvent casting method. For the first time, rare-earth metal yttrium was co-doped with vanadium to enhance the mechanical and biological performance of polymer composites for bone tissue engineering. The incorporation of HVY significantly improved mechanical strength from 26.30 ± 0.37 MPa to 48.58 ± 0.42 MPa, while enhancing surface hydrophilicity, as evidenced by a reduction in the contact angle from 102.98° to 62.16°. Porosity and degradation studies over 21 days demonstrated a satisfactory and controlled degradation rate suitable for bone regeneration applications. Biomineralization capacity was confirmed through the deposition of calcium and phosphate on the composite surface after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Antibacterial tests revealed potent activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, with inhibition zones of 9.05 ± 0.8 mm and 7.15 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. Hemocompatibility testing indicated a hemolysis rate of less than 5 %, while over 80 % viability of rat bone marrow-derived stromal cells (rBMSC) confirmed the non-toxic nature of the composites. Osteogenic differentiation assays, including ALP and ARS, showed outstanding performance, suggesting the significant potential of the prepared material for promoting bone development and regeneration. This study bridges a critical gap in the development of biomaterials by introducing a rare-earth metal co-doping strategy, providing a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications. The findings underscore its potential as a highly effective, easily fabricated biomaterial tha

关键词： Yttrium

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Unconventional domain tessellations in moiré-of-moiré lattices

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Nature 2025年第8064期641卷 896-903页

作者： Park, Daesung Park, Changwon Yananose, Kunihiro Ko, Eunjung Kim, Byunghyun Engelke, Rebecca Zhang, Xi Davydov, Konstantin Green, Matthew Kim, Hyun-Mi Park, Sang Hwa Lee, Jae Heon Kim, Seul-Gi Kim, Hyeongkeun Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Yang, Sang Mo Wang, Ke Kim, Philip Son, Young-Woo Yoo, Hyobin Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Physics Sogang University Seoul South Korea Korea Institute for Advanced Study Seoul South Korea Department of Physics Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA United States School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN United States Korea Electronics Technology Institute Seongnam South Korea Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University Seoul South Korea

Imposing incommensurable periodicity on the periodic atomic lattice can lead to complex structural phases consisting of locally periodic structure bounded by topological defects^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7–8}. Twisted trilayer graphene (TTG) is an ideal material platform to study the interplay between different atomic periodicities, which can be tuned by twist angles between the layers, leading to moiré-of-moiré lattices^{9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25–26}. Interlayer and intralayer interactions between two interfaces in TTG transform this moiré-of-moiré lattice into an intricate network of domain structures at small twist angles, which can harbour exotic electronic behaviours^{9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25–26}. Here we report a complete structural phase diagram of TTG with atomic-scale lattice reconstruction. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with a new interatomic potential simulation^27,28, we show several large-scale moiré lattices, including triangular, kagome and a corner-shared hexagram-shaped domain pattern. Each domain is bounded by a 2D network of domain-wall lattices. In the limit of small twist angles, two competing structural orders—rhombohedral and Bernal stackings—with a slight energy difference cause unconventional lattice reconstruction with spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) and nematic instability, highlighting the importance of long-range interlayer interactions across entire van der Waals layers. The diverse tessellation of distinct domains, whose topological network can be tuned by the adjustment of the twist angles, establishes TTG as a platform for exploring the interplay between emerging quantum properties and controllable nontrivial lattices. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2025.

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Two-step superconductor-insulator transitions in iron chalcogenide superconductors

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Physical Review B 2025年第6期111卷 L060506-L060506页

作者： Li Xu Zefeng Lin Wenxin Cheng Xuewei Wang Mingyang Qin Xingyu Jiang Liping Zhang Juan Xu Peiyu Xiong Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

The superconductor-insulator transition is an archetypal example of a quantum phase transition that plays a crucial role in physics and statistical mechanics. Belonging to different universality classes, the classical and quantum percolative transitions usually manifest in different systems and are studied separately. Here, we fabricate thickness-gradient FeyTe1−xSex (FTS) films and observe the existence of these two transitions. Variation in the film thickness, which controls substrate misfit and leads to a modification of Fe concentration, results in a superconducting quantum percolative transition. By exposing FTS films to air, we observe a shift in electrical resistivity behavior and a superconducting classical percolative transition. FTS films subjected to the two treatments exhibit very similar phase diagrams, except for different critical exponents. Remarkably, we identify a two-step superconductor-insulator transition at low temperature, where the appearance of superconductive zero resistivity coincides with a sign change in the temperature derivative of electrical resistivity in the normal state. Our analysis can provide a universal scheme to categorize the superconductor-insulator transition in various copper-oxide and iron-based superconductors.

关键词： Iron-based Superconductors

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Supercurrent through a single transverse mode in nanowire Josephson junctions

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Physical Review B 2025年第16期111卷 L161401-L161401页

作者： B. Zhang Z. Li H. Wu M. Pendharkar C. Dempsey J. S. Lee S. D. Harrington C. J. Palmstrøm S. M. Frolov Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA. California NanoSystems Institute University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Present address: Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA. Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA

Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor materials are fueling research in mesoscopic physics and quantum technology. Recently demonstrated smooth β-Sn superconductor shells, due to the increased induced gap, are expanding the available parameter space to new regimes. Fabricated on quasiballistic InSb nanowires, with careful control over the hybrid interface, Sn shells yield measurable switching currents even when nanowire resistance is of order 10kΩ. In this regime Cooper pairs travel through a purely one-dimensional quantum wire for at least part of their trajectory. Here, we focus on the evolution of proximity-induced supercurrent in magnetic field parallel to the nanowire. Long decay up to fields of 1T is observed. At the same time, the decay for higher occupied subbands is notably faster in some devices but not in others. We analyze this using a tight-binding numerical model that includes the Zeeman, orbital, and spin-orbit effects. When the first subband is spin polarized, we observe a dramatic suppression of supercurrent, which is also confirmed by the model and suggests an absence of significant triplet supercurrent generation.

关键词： Nanowires

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Higher-order topology in twisted multilayer systems:A review

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Chinese physics B 2025年第3期34卷 2-10页

作者： Chunbo Hua Dong-Hui Xu Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro-and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning 437100China Department of Physics and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Center of Quantum Materials and Devices Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in higher-order topological phases(HOTPs)across various disciplines within the field of *** unique phases are characterized by their ability to harbor topological protected boundary states at lower-dimensional boundaries,a distinguishing feature that sets them apart from conventional topological phases and is attributed to the higher-order bulk-boundary ***-dimensional(2D)twisted systems offer an optimal platform for investigating HOTPs,owing to their strong controllability and experimental ***,we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research advancements on HOTPs in 2D twisted multilayer *** will mainly review the HOTPs in electronic,magnonic,acoustic,photonic and mechanical twisted systems,and finally provide a perspective of this topic.

关键词： higher-order topology twisted multilayer systems van der Waals materials corner states

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Superconductivity in Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ ceramics with cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticle addition

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Ceramics International 2025年第12期51卷 16134-16142页

作者： Tran, Duc H. Pham, An T. Binh, Nguyen Thanh Anh, Do Thi Kim Nam, Nguyen Hoang Hong, Nguyen T.M. Cuong, Le Viet Pham, Phong V. Huy, Nguyen Quang Huong, Tran Thi Man, Nguyen K. Lim, Kean Pah Kechik, Mohd Mustafa Awang Chen, Soo Kien Le, Tien Faculty of Physics University of Science Vietnam National University Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Nano and Energy Center University of Science Vietnam National University Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Faculty of Engineering Physics and Nanotechnology VNU University of Engineering and Technology Hanoi100000 Viet Nam University of Science Vietnam National University Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering University of Economics - Technology for Industries Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Faculty of Electronic Materials and Devices School of Materials Science and Engineering Hanoi University of Science and Technology Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor Serdang43400 Malaysia University of Science and Technology of Hanoi Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Cau Giay Hanoi100000 Viet Nam

This study explores the use of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles as artificial pinning centers to investigate flux pinning characteristics in the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ ceramics. Polycrystalline samples with the composition (Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ)1−x(CoFe2O4)x, where x ranges from 0.000 to 0.010, are synthesized based on the solid-state formation. Structural and surface analyses reveal that the samples predominantly comprise superconducting phases, with volume fractions varying with x. An increase in x leads to a drop in the critical temperature (Tc). However, an improvement in the critical current density (Jc) is observed at x = 0.002, owing to the addition of CoFe2O4. The collective pinning theory indicates a shift from a single-vortex to small bundle vortex pinning at the crossover field (Bsb) in all samples. The dependence of Bsb on temperatures is consistent with δl pinning, attributed to changes in the mean free path of the charge carrier. Geometries of artificial pinning centers are identified as 2D using the Dew–Hughes model. CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are primarily located at the grain boundaries, filling voids and supporting pinning through grain boundaries. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Flux pinning

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Enhanced performance and reprocessability in polypropylene-lignin blends through plasma treatment

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2025年第2期10卷 170-186页

作者： Bellinetto, Emanuela Regoli, Sofia Barni, Ruggero Canevali, Carmen Boumezgane, Oussama Zoia, Luca Riccardi, Claudia Turri, Stefano Griffini, Gianmarco Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano Milano20133 Italy Department of Physics "Giuseppe Occhialini" Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Milano20126 Italy Department of Materials Science Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Milano20125 Italy Department of Earth and Environmental Science Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Milano20126 Italy

In this work, a new compatibilization strategy for polypropylene-lignin blends was presented, which did not rely on the use of solvents or other chemicals. Soda lignin was subjected to plasma treatment in an argon atmosphere employing a gliding-arc-tornado reactor configuration. The effect of this process was evaluated using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis, evidencing significant chemical-structural modifications in lignin, including an increased concentration of phenoxy radicals (60%) and depletion of hydroxyl functionalities (35%). Polypropylene-lignin blends incorporating 5% (w/w), 10% (w/w), and 20% (w/w) of either pristine or plasma-treated lignin were then prepared by melt-blending in a twin-screw extruder, and their thermo-mechanical and rheological properties were investigated in detail. As a result of the plasma-induced modifications occurred in lignin, blends incorporating the plasma-treated material exhibited greater thermo-oxidative stability, more favorable viscoelastic response, significantly improved mechanical performance (137% and 294% strain at break for polypropylene (PP) containing 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) of treated lignin, respectively), and enhanced thermo-mechanical reprocessability (> 95% retention of yield strength and strain at break after re-extrusion). This work provided the first demonstration of the effectiveness of plasma treatment as a viable and sustainable strategy to improve filler-matrix interactions in polypropylene-lignin blends without the use of solvents, chemical compatibilizers or additional wet-chemistry steps, paving the way for the development of lignin-based thermoplastic polyolefin materials with enhanced thermo-mechanical characteristics and improved reprocessability. © 2025

关键词： Thermogravimetric analysis

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Unraveling the impacts of intermolecular interaction on morphology evolution for highly efficient organic solar cells and modules

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science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 264-272页

作者： Xueqing Ma Yingying Cheng Yuqiang Liu Xinming Zheng Guangliu Ran Hongxiang Li Xinyue Cui Andong Zhang Wenkai Zhang Pei Cheng Wenchao Huang Zhishan Bo Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Textiles and Clothing State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textilesQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China Key State Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory Center for Advanced Quantum StudiesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Understanding the effect of intermolecular interaction on the growth dynamic of active layers is critical for advancing organic solar cells(OSCs).However,the diverse structure of donors and acceptors makes the research *** with customizable structures and properties could simplify this ***,we meticulously tailor two additives of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT)and 2,5-dibromo-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(DBEDOT),possessing distinct intermolecular interaction features to elaborate the inherent *** is found that varied interaction strengths can alter film formation *** enhanced intermolecular interaction between the DBEDOT and non-fullerene acceptor BTP-e C9-4F results in pre-aggregation and longer crystallization duration of BTP-e C9-4F,facilitating the formation of films with compact molecular packing and decent phase ***,exciton dissociation and charge transport become more ***,devices processed with DBEDOT exhibit a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.35%in small-area OSCs and 14.11%in bladecoated 5 cm×5 cm organic solar ***,OSCs can maintain 80%of their initial efficiency after continuous annealing at 85℃for over 2,100 h.

关键词： organic solar cell non-fullerene acceptor film growth molecular packing intermolecular interaction

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Delineation of profoundly birefringent nonlinear photonic crystal fiber in terahertz frequency regime

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Journal of Optical Communications 2025年第1期46卷 41-49页

作者： Yadav, Sapana Singh, Sachin Lohia, Pooja Umar, Ahmad Dwivedi, Dilip Kumar Photonics and Photovoltaic Research Lab Department of Physics and Material Science Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur273010 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur273010 India Najran University Najran11001 Saudi Arabia Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH43210 United States

The photonic aspects of semiconducting hexagon-shaped photonic crystal fiber including effective mode area, effective mode index, dispersion, and confinement loss, have already been investigated. The finite element method has been used to compute the maximum distribution of the studied photonic crystal fiber by COMSOL software. The linear modifications from both the effective mode index and an effective mode area have been investigated. Dispersion and confinement loss are examined in terms of air hole ring number and wavelength. For every wavelength, the effective-index model implies that the studied fiber can indeed be single mode. Even though its practical single-mode range inside the opacity aperture of silica appears large, it is eventually confined by a bend-loss edge at both brief & medium wavelengths. Moreover, the reported fiber offers minimal confinement loss of almost 10-8 dB/cm, birefringence 0.0012, and dispersion around 10-11 ps/km nm. © 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Birefringence

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Hydrothermal synthesis, phase control, and dielectric analysis of niobium-doped barium strontium titanate

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Journal of materials science: materials in Electronics 2025年第14期36卷 1-14页

作者： Mu, Divya Siya Lakshmi, Tumuluri Bhavana Sri Venkata Naga Kumaresan, Duraisamy Prasad, R. Krishna Sivakumar, M. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Amrita School of Engineering Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham TN Coimbatore641112 India Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies Amrita School of Engineering Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham TN Coimbatore641112 India Department of Physics Amrita School of Physical Sciences Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham TN Coimbatore641112 India

In this work, the direct hydrothermal synthesis of barium strontium titanate (Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3, BST) and the niobium (Nb+5)-doped BST (Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti1−xNbxO3, BSTNb) nanopowders, their phase control, and dielectric analysis are investigated. Pure BST has been prepared from its stoichiometric amounts of metal halide precursors and titanium oxide nanopowders in alkaline conditions at different hydrothermal temperatures and reaction times. X-ray diffraction analysis has demonstrated that different weight percentages of Nb doping in cubic-phase BST induce tetragonal distortions, enable controlled phase transformations, and improve crystallinity. Also, Raman analysis has indicated the tetragonal phase transformation induced by the Nb dopant concentrations. UV–visible absorption spectral analysis suggests a band gap narrowing from 2.9 eV to 2.0 eV, while increasing Nb+5 dopant concentration. By introducing Nb+5 ions, the lattice expands, the average size of nanoparticles decreases, and surface morphology improves, which significantly affects the total surface area and dielectric and optical properties of BST. The dielectric analysis has indicated that the dielectric constant of BST decreases, and dielectric loss increases with increasing dopant concentration due to the defect dipole formation up to a certain level, and the dielectric performance of Nb-doped BST has been found superior to that of pure BST. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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