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Temperature-dependent microstructural evolution in a compositionally complex solid electrolyte:The role of a grain boundary transition

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2025年第3期14卷 163-176页

作者： Shu-Ting Ko Chaojie Du Huiming Guo Hasti Vahidi Jenna L.Wardini Tom Lee Yi Liu Jingjing Yang Francisco Guzman Timothy J.Rupert William J.Bowman Shen J.Dillon Xiaoqing Pan Jian Luo Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia 92093USA Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia 92093USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California IrvineIrvineCalifornia 92697USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California IrvineIrvineCalifornia 92697USA Irvine Materials Research Institute University of California IrvineIrvineCalifornia 92697USA

Compositionally complex solid electrolyte(Li_(0.375)Sr_(0.4375))(Ta_(0.375)Nb_(0.375)Zr_(0.125)Hf_(0.125))O_(3)(LSTNZH)samples are synthesized using different sintering temperatures,durations,and cooling conditions(furnace cooling(FC)*** quenching(AQ)).The temperature-dependent grain growth has been examined to investigate the microstructural evolution and the origin of exaggerated(abnormal)grain *** moderate temperatures,the grain growth of LSTNZH follows a cubic root growth model with an Arrhenius temperature *** increasing temperature,bimodal microstructures develop,and the Arrhenius temperature dependence breaks ***,increasing the temperature induces increased Nb segregation at general grain boundaries(GBs),in contrast to classical GB segregation models but suggesting premelting-like GB disordering,which can explain the observed abnormal grain growth(AGG).In addition,the large grains become faceted with increasing temperature,which occurs concurrently with the temperature-induced transitions in GB segregation and grain growth,thereby further supporting the occurrence of a GB phase-like(complexion)*** impacts on the densification,ionic conductivity,and hardness are also *** work provides a new insight into the fundamental understanding of the grain growth mechanisms of the emergent class of medium-and high-entropy compositionally complex ceramics(CCCs),which is essential for tailoring microstructures and material properties.

关键词： compositionally complex ceramics(CCCs) solid electrolytes perovskite grain growth grain boundary(GB) electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)

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Nanoscale Electron Beam Patterning of PEDOT:PSS Free-Standing Films for Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance

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Energy & Environmental materials 2025年第2期8卷 316-323页

作者： Hyejeong Lee Sunho Lee Sohyang Cha Gopinathan Anoop Hosun Shin Division of Chemical and Materials Metrology Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science KRISS Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Applied Measurement Science University of Science and Technology UST Department of Physics Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

The growing demand for flexible,lightweight,and highly processable electronic devices makes high-functionality conducting polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS) an attractive alternative to conventional inorganic materials for various applications including ***,considerable improvements are necessary to make conducting polymers a commercially viable choice for thermoelectric *** study explores nanopatterning as an effective and unique strategy for enhancing polymer functionality to optimize thermoelectric parameters,such as electrical conductivity,Seebeck coefficient,and thermal *** nanopatterning into thermoelectric polymers is challenging due to intricate technical hurdles and the necessity for individually manipulating the interdependent thermoelectric ***,array nanopatterns with different pattern spacings are imposed on free-standing PEDOT:PSS films using direct electron beam irradiation,thereby achieving selective control of electrical and thermal transport in PEDOT:*** beam irradiation transformed PEDOT:PSS from a highly ordered quinoid to an amorphous benzoid *** pattern spacing resulted in a remarkable 70% reduction in thermal conductivity and a 60% increase in thermoelectric figure of merit compared to non-patterned PEDOT:*** proposed nanopatterning methodology demonstrates a skillful approach to precisely manipulate the thermoelectric parameters,thereby improving the thermoelectric performance of conducting polymers,and promising utilization in cutting-edge electronic applications.

关键词： nanotechnology polymers semiconductors thermoelectrics

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Facile growth of a heteroepitaxial layer on perovskite oxide surfaces for active and durable fuel cell cathodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第4期103卷 1-8页

作者： Shengli Pang Yifan Song Ting Fang Xudong He Jiaxiang Qiu Shuai Ma Yaozheng Qian Gongmei Yang Hongping Li Yangyang Wan Chonglin Chen Institute for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Texas at San AntonioSan Antonio 78249TXUSA

Polycrystalline perovskite oxide particles are promising candidates for cathode materials in solid oxide fuel ***,their limited activity and stability pose significant challenges for practical *** this study,we demonstrate a novel approach to achieve both high activity and durability in a PrBaCo_(2)O_(5+δ) catalyst through a simple epitaxial layer growth *** found that an amorphous precursor of the highly durable catalyst SmBa_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)CoCuO_(5+δ) can spontaneously adhere to the surface of PrBaCo_(2)O_(5+δ) *** heat treatment,it grows along the perovskite lattice,forming a heteroepitaxial layer with just a few atomic layers *** heterostructure enhances the operational stability of PrBaCo_(2)O_(5+δ) transforming a 78% decrease over 100 h into a 7% *** 100 h,the power output density of the cell with the modified sample is more than 500% higher than that of unmodified PrBaCo_(2)O_(5+δ.)This work presents a new strategy for fabricating heteroepitaxial layers on polycrystalline ceramic catalysts and introduces a pioneering approach for developing high-performance oxygen reduction catalysts and related materials.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cell Cathode material Perovskite oxide Oxygen reduction reaction Surface chemistry Electrocatalyst

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Microstructural evolution during tempering process and mechanical properties of Cr-Ni-Mo-V/Nb high strength steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2025年第1期32卷 270-281页

作者： Zi-wei Lv Jing Fan Rui Wang Zhi-qiang Yu Yan Kang Yong Hu Lei-feng Tuo Jürgen Eckert Zhi-jie Yan School of Materials Science and Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051ShanxiChina Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Metal Materials for Special Environments North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051ShanxiChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science Austrian Academy of SciencesLeoben 8700Austria Department of Materials Science Chair of Materials PhysicsMontanuniversitat LeobenLeoben 8700Austria

High strength steels exhibit superior mechanical properties due to the unique microstructure,which successfully solves the drawback of the inevitable strength-toughness trade-off that occurs in traditional *** we investigated the effect of matrix and precipitates on mechanical properties of Cr-Ni-Mo-V/Nb steel after water quenching and tempering(150-500℃).The results showed that the microstructure of the present steel is noticeably tuned by changing the tempering *** excellent combination of strength(a yield strength of 1308 MPa with a total elongation of 8.2%)and toughness(Charpy V-notch impact toughness of 40.5 J/cm^(2))is obtained upon tempering at 200℃.This is attributed to the lath martensite containing high dislocation density,the martensite-twin substructure,and the strengthening effects of the precipitated needle-likeε-carbides and spherical VC *** acicularε-carbides are replaced by the rod-shaped Fe_(3)C at the tempering temperature of 350℃,resulting in the remarkable deterioration in strength,hardness,and *** carbides formed at a tempering temperature of 500℃ are beneficial to the enhancement of the elongation and toughness,but the strength decreases due to the matrix softening caused by the recovery of dislocation.

关键词： High strength steel Tempering Microstructure Carbide Mechanical property

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Thermal rectification of Sierpiński tetrahedron fractals assembled from supertetrahedral T2-type tin selenide clusters

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Physical Review B 2025年第12期111卷 L121406-L121406页

作者： Peng-Hu Du Qian Wang Qiang Sun Puru Jena School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Physics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA

To explore the potential of atomic clusters in device applications, we illustrate the thermal rectification (TR) effect and underlying mechanisms in the cluster-assembled Sierpiński tetrahedron (ST) fractals. Using the synthesized supertetrahedral T2-type Sn4Se10 clusters as building blocks and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics with a machine-learning neuroevolution potential trained on a multidimensional ab initio dataset, we show that the TR coefficient of the assembled ST4 fractal reaches 17.4% at an average temperature of 300 K with a temperature bias of 20 K. This further increases to 39.4% under the same temperature condition for the higher-level fractal ST5 as the void ratio and surface roughness increase significantly with the fractal level. Moreover, unlike in conventional atom-based nanosystems, the dependence of the TR coefficient on temperature bias in the ST fractals is nonmonotonic, where a high TR efficiency can be achieved just with a small temperature bias. Our work demonstrates the merits of cluster-assembled fractals for high-performance thermal rectifiers and the advantages of cluster-assembled materials for thermal energy management.

关键词： Fractals

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Orbital-driven competition: Ferromagnetism and superconductivity in Li-intercalated transition metal dichalcogenides

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Physical Review B 2025年第2期111卷 L020505-L020505页

作者： Xiaotong Liao Liangliang Liu Liying Zhang Xiaoyu Zhao Chongze Wang Bing Wang Yu Jia J. Cho Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450046 China Institute for Computational Materials Science Joint Center for Theoretical Physics(JCTP) School of Physics and Electronics Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China Department of Physics Research Institute for Natural Science Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-Ku Seoul 04763 Korea

Symmetry breaking is a fundamental concept in condensed matter physics, driving various quantum phenomena. Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) serve as an excellent platform for investigating electronic instabilities and emergent phases. Using first-principles calculations, we reveal a striking transformation in TiSe2 and ZrSe2 induced by Li intercalation. Specifically, TiSe2 transitions from a charge density wave state to a ferromagnetic phase, while ZrSe2 evolves from a semiconductor to a superconducting state. In LiTiSe2, the localization of Ti 3d orbitals creates overlapping van Hove singularities near the Fermi level, stabilizing a Stoner-type ferromagnetic phase via exchange interactions that break spin-rotational symmetry. In contrast, superconductivity in LiZrSe2 arises from enhanced electron-phonon coupling, facilitated by delocalized Zr 4d orbitals and Zr-Zr bond-stretching phonon modes, leading to Cooper pair condensation and the breaking of U(1) gauge symmetry. These findings highlight how variations in d-orbital localization and interatomic interactions govern distinct quantum phases, demonstrating the transformative potential of intercalation for tuning electronic properties and accessing unique quantum states in layered TMDs.

关键词： Charge density waves

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Dipole-obstructed Cooper pairing: Theory and application to j=32 superconductors

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Physical Review B 2025年第8期111卷 L081107-L081107页

作者： Penghao Zhu Rui-Xing Zhang Department of Physics The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA

Like electrons, Cooper pairs can carry a monopole charge if the pairing electrons come from two or more Fermi surfaces with different Chern numbers. In such an instance, a superconductor is necessarily nodal due to an inherent topological pairing obstruction. In this work, we show that a similar obstruction is also possible when there is only one Fermi surface involved in the pairing process. By developing a Chern-vorticity theorem, we have identified a class of Fermi surfaces with a quantized dipolar Berry flux pattern, where all intra-Fermi-surface Cooper pairings are “dipole obstructed” and nodal. As a real-world application, we find that the dipole obstruction plays a crucial role in stabilizing the superconducting nodal structure for j=32 half-Heusler compounds.

关键词： Fermi surface

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Multi-dimensional Bi@C electrocatalyst for Cr3+/Cr2+ redox reaction boosting high-performance iron-chromium flow batteries

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science China Chemistry 2025年第6期68卷 2735-2743页

作者： Min Wu Mingjun Nan Shumin Liu Caihe Zhong Lin Qiao Huamin Zhang Xiangkun Ma Department of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian Maritime University Division of Energy Storage Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

With the increasing demand for energy storage technology, iron-chromium flow batteries（ICFBs） have been widely concerned because of their price advantage. However, the low electrochemical activity of Cr3+/Cr2+redox couples and the side hydrogen evolution reaction limit the industrial application of ICFBs. A multi-dimensional Bi/carbon composite electrocatalyst（Bi@C）for ICFB is designed and prepared to improve the electrochemical activity of Cr3+/Cr2+redox couples. Benefiting by using the Bimetal organic framework（Bi-MOF） with solid matrix as precursors, Bi nanospheres are highly dispersed on the Bi@C electrocatalyst that effectively enhances the electrochemical activity. The special morphology of Bi@C electrocatalyst helps the transfer of electrons and ions, significantly reducing the polarization of battery. Herein, the 3D porous carbon frames accelerate mass transfer, and the 2D carbon nanobelts and carbon layer coating on 0D Bi nanospheres improve the conductivity of Bi nanospheres. Therefore, the ICFB with multi-dimensional Bi@C electrocatalyst exhibits coulombic efficiency of 98.10% and energy efficiency of 79.14% at 140 m A cm-2, which is higher than ICFBs with commercial graphite carbon electrocatalyst and with heat treatment carbon felt. This work provides a simple and economical method to fabricate a high-performance multidimensional Bi@C electrocatalyst for Cr3+/Cr2+redox couples, boosting the development of ICFBs.

关键词： iron-chromium flow batteries bismuth multi-dimensional structure electrocatalyst Cr3+/Cr2+ redox couple

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Non-Markovian dynamics and lateral Casimir effect in atom-plasmon coupling nanostructures

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Optics Express 2025年第9期33卷 19558-19581页

作者： Du, Peng-Tao Yin, Wu-Zhou Li, Gao-Xiang Yang, Yaping Fang, Wei Institute of Systems Science Department of Physics College of Information Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen361021 China Department of Physics Huazhong Normal University Wuhan430079 China MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structure Materials School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

This study proposes a nanophotonic structure that supports the generation and enhancement of the lateral Casimir-Polder (CP) force acting on atoms. By applying the two-dimensional anisotropic material, we demonstrate that both the spontaneous decay rate and the emission pattern of the atom exhibit distinct features by manipulating the parameters of the system. In particular, the exact numerical solutions of population dynamics reveal the occurrence of Rabi oscillations in the strong atom-field coupling case, where the Markovian results fail to describe this phenomenon. We also show that the asymmetric spatial distribution of the in-plane dipole radiation into surface plasmon modes is achievable for the system under consideration. Based on these intriguing properties, we predict the generation of the lateral CP force, where the transient evolution of the force indicates the periodical variation in both the direction and the amplitude under strong light-atom interaction conditions. Our findings have potential applications for novel optical nanotechnologies and devices, which provide a method for atom manipulation and trapping. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Nanorings

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Impact of Ni doping into Co2SiO4 compound: Synthesis, structural, morphological, dielectric, optical, photoluminescence, and magnetic properties

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Ceramics International 2025年第15期51卷 20839-20853页

作者： Anil Kumar, Bharat Barwar, Abhishek Barbar, Shiv K. Materials Science Laboratory Department of Physics Jai Narain Vyas University Jodhpur342005 India Department of Mechanical Engineering BITS Pilani Rajasthan India

The fabrication and characterization of orthosilicate compounds have received great interest due to their unique optical and magnetic features, and numerous fundamental and technological applications. Herein, a series of Ni doped cobalt orthosilicate compounds, Co2-xNixSiO4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) were fabricated via ceramic route by sintering the processed powder at high temperatures. The powder X-ray diffraction results revealed that these compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic symmetry with crystallite size ranging from 29 to 56 nm. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra support the phase pure formation of these compounds in the orthorhombic structure. The micro images illustrate a wide range particle size distributions, and elemental analysis affirms the right stoichiometry of these compounds. The dielectric constant and loss angle tangent spectra over the broader frequency range of 101–109 Hz reveal the fundamental polarization and relaxation characteristics of dielectric ceramics. Frequency dependent alternating current electrical conductivity and analysis of UV–Vis reflectance spectra exhibit the wide band gap semiconducting behaviour which establish uses of these compounds in futuristic power electronic module and optoelectronic devices. The fluorescence spectra show a little shift towards the lower wavelength in the emission band by increasing the Ni concentration in the compound. Additionally, the CIE coordinates explain that the blue-violet emission from these compounds, make them useful for cutting edge luminescent devices. Magnetic characterization identified the antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition (TN) in these compounds, together with a decrease in TN from 50 K (x = 0.0) to 38 K (x = 0.5). The low temperature (10 K) magnetic hysteresis loops confirm the existence of strong antiferromagnetism with weak ferromagnetism. The presence of two p-type semiconductors (cobalt oxide and nickel oxide) play an important role between magnetic

关键词： Nickel oxide

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