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Recent progress in MgB_(2)superconducting joint technology

Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第7期11卷 2217-2229页

作者： Hao Liang Dipak Patel Mahboobeh Shahbazi Andrzej Morawski Daniel Gajda Matt Rindfleisch Richard Taylor Yusuke Yamauchi Md Shahriar A.Hossain School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland 4072Australia QUT Centre for Materials Science and School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4001Australia Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences(PAS)Sokolowska 29/37Warsaw 01-142Poland Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research Polish Academy of Sciences(PAS)Okólna 2Wrocław 50-422Poland Hyper Tech Research Inc.539 Industrial Mile RdColumbusOhio 43228USA Applied Superconductivity Laboratory Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4001Australia Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology(AIBN) The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland 4072Australia Department of Materials Process Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityFuro-choChikusa-kuNagoya 464-8603Japan The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO) LindfieldNew South Wales 2070Australia

Magnesium diboride(MgB_(2))magnets have the potential to be the next-generation liquid-helium-free magnet for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)application due to their relatively high superconducting transition temperature,high current density and low raw material cost compared with current commercial niobium-titanium(Nb-Ti)magnets.A typical superconducting magnet includes several *** produce an ultra-stable magnetic field for imaging in MRI,a superconducting electromagnet operating in a persistent mode is *** coils of the electromagnet in MRI are short-circuited to operate in the persistent mode by connecting coils with superconducting ***-sistent joints have been demonstrated for in-situ and ex-situ wires of both mono-and multi-filamentary structures,made predominantly by PIT techniques similar to those used in wire *** realise further engagement of MgB_(2)in MRI applications,enhancing the performance of MgB_(2)superconducting joints is *** literature review summarises research and development on MgB_(2)superconducting joining technology.

关键词： MgB_(2) Superconducting joints Persistent-mode magnets MRI application Field-decay measurement

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Atomic disorder in Ni-V alloys studied using neutron scattering

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Physical Review B 2023年第18期108卷 184106-184106页

作者： Adane Gebretsadik Ruizhe Wang Arwa Alyami Hind Adawi Jean-Guy Lussier Katharine L. Page Almut Schroeder Department of Physics Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA Department of Physics Jazan University Jazan 45142 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Spallation Neutron Source Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA

We present a pair distribution function (PDF) analysis from neutron diffraction data of the Ni1−xVx alloy in the Ni-rich regime. Such structural study aims to clarify the origin of the magnetic inhomogeneities associated with the quantum Griffiths phase close to the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic quantum phase transition. The PDF analysis successfully reveals information about structural and atomic disorder comparing short-range correlations in our Ni1−xVx polycrystalline samples prepared with high-temperature annealing and rapid cooling protocol. This study confirms the expectations that all Ni1−xVx samples with 0≤x≤0.15 crystallize in a single phase fcc structure with some residual strain. The lattice constant and the atomic displacement parameter increase with V concentration x. Both changes are consistently explained by a random occupation of V and Ni atoms on the lattice sites with small displacements due to the different atomic radii with ratio (rV/rNi) of 1.05. Probing alternate, simple models of the local PDF, such as V clusters or ordered structures (Ni8V, Ni3V), gives inferior results compared to a random occupation. This investigation strongly supports the magnetic clusters in the binary alloy Ni1−xVx originating from Ni-rich regions created from random occupation rather than from chemical clusters. The simple tests already demonstrate that Ni1−xVx is one of the rare examples of a solid solution in a wide concentration regime (up to x=0.15) persisting down to low temperatures (T=15K).

关键词： Defects Magnetic texture Quantum criticality Structural properties Alloys Ferromagnets Solid solutions Neutron pair-distribution function analysis

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Perovskite/Metal (Bi 0.5Na 0.5TiO 3-BaTiO 3/Ag) Lead-Free Composite Ceramics Featuring Enhanced Depolarization Temperature

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Luo, Huajie Tang, Shiyu Sun, Zheng Zhang, Yueyun Yao, Yonghao Zheng, Huashan Yang, Jikun Ren, Yang Tang, Mingxue Huang, Houbing Liu, Hui Hinterstein, Manuel Chen, Jun Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Department of Physical Chemistry University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Department of Physics City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 518057 Hong Kong School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Science and Technology China Institute of Applied Materials Ceramic Materials and Technologies Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany

The thermal stability of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based piezoelectrics is one of the most critical metrics for practical applications. Finite element method (FEM) calculations estimate that incorporating Ag into the perovskite 0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3 (BNT-6BT) matrix will generate increased tensile stress during the cooling process from sintering temperatures due to the large mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficient. Thus, we propose a strategy to improve the depolarization temperature (Td) by introducing Ag into the representative BNT-6BT and forming perovskite/metal (BNT-6BT/100xAg) composite ceramics. The Td is improved to 145 °C without the degradation of piezoelectric response, which is approximately 45 °C higher than the prototype BNT-6BT. Comparative experiments demonstrate that the increase in Td stems from the synergistic effect of residual thermal stress, colossal grain size (above 200 μm), and oxygen vacancies. The present study provides an effective method to improve the thermal stability of BNT-based ceramics and can be also extended to other systems. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Perovskite

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Symmetric and isotropic micro/nanorotors driven by a plane-polarized gaussian laser beam 18

Symmetric and isotropic micro/nanorotors driven by a plane-p...

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Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XVIII 2021

作者： Ding, Hongru Kollipara, Pavana Siddhartha Kotnala, Abhay Chen, Zhihan Zheng, Yuebing Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781510644359

ISBN: (纸本)9781510644342

The flourishing field of light-powered micro/nanorotors provides promising strategies for manufacturing and biomedical needs. However, the torque of optical rotors typically arises from the momentum exchange with photons, which limits the geometries and materials of objects that can be rotated and requires intense laser beams with designed intensity profile and polarization. These factors inhibit the light-powered rotation of highly symmetric or isotropic targets. Herein, we developed an optothermal micro/nanorotors platform that enables the rotation of various colloids with diverse sizes, materials, and various shapes, including live cells and micro/nanoparticles with high symmetry and isotropy. The long-sought-after out-of-plane rotation has been achieved by a single plane-polarized Gaussian laser beam with an ultralow power. This simple rotor approach is foreseen to open new horizons in colloidal and life sciences by offering a non-invasive and universal manipulation. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Rotation

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Entanglement kinetics in polymer melts are chemically specific

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Dolata, Benjamin E. Galvani Cunha, Marco A. O’Connor, Thomas Hopkins, Austin Olmsted, Peter D. Department of Physics Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis & Metrology Georgetown University 3700 O St NW WashingtonDC20007 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie-Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Physics University of California Santa Barbara Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Materials Science and Engineering Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States

We investigate the universality of entanglement kinetics in polymer melts. We compare predictions of a recently developed constitutive equation for disentanglement to molecular dynamics simulations of both united-atom polyethylene and Kremer-Grest models for polymers in shear and extensional flow. We confirm that entanglements recover on the retraction timescale, rather than the reptation timescale. We find that the convective constraint release parameter β is independent of molecular weight, but that it increases with the ratio of Kuhn length bK to packing length p as β ∼ (bK/p)α, with an exponent α = 1.9, which may suggest that disentanglement rate correlates with an increase in the tube diameter. These results may help shed light on which polymers are more likely to undergo shear banding. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Polymer melts

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Search for potential K ion battery cathodes by first principles

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第3期30卷 377-385页

作者： Kaining Li Xiaofeng Fan David J.Singh WTZheng Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials(Jilin University) Ministry of Educationand College of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130012JilinChina Department of Physics and Astronomy University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211-7010USA Department of Chemistry University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012JilinChina

An important challenge facing K-ion batteries lies in exploring earth-abundant and safe cathode materials that can provide high capacity with high migration rate of K ***,we propose a simple and efficient method for searching potential K cathode materials with first principles *** screening is based on combinations of weight capacity,K ion occupation ratio,volume change per K,and valence *** this screening method we predicted a series of potential K ions cathodes with favorable electrochemical performance,such as K_(2)VPO_(4)CO_(3)-like structures with 1 D diffusion channels,3 D channel structures K_(2)CoSiO_(4),layered materials KCoO_(2),KCrO_(2),KVF_(4) and K_(5)V_(3)F_(14),and *** potential cathodes have small volume changes,suitable voltage,and high capacity,with small diffusion *** may be useful in K-ion batteries with high energy density and rate performance.

关键词： K ion battery Cathodes First principles calculations High capacity with high migration rate Diffusion barriers

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Localized Electrons Accelerated Ionic and Charge Transfer for Superior Lithium Storage

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Renewables 2023年第5期1卷 572-581页

作者： Zhaoqian Li Yingke Ren Wangchao Chen Tingting Wei Lie Mo Yang Huang Hong Zhang Guozhong Cao Linhua Hu Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials CASInstitute of Solid State PhysicsHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhui 230031 College of Science Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009 University of Science and Technology of China HefeiAnhui 230026 Hebei Computational Optical Imaging and Photoelectric Detection Technology Innovation Center Hebei International Joint Research Center for Computational Optical Imaging and Intelligent SensingSchool of Mathematics and Physics Science and EngineeringHebei University of EngineeringHebeiHandan 056038 Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195

The electrochemical energy storage performance is greatly determined by the charge transfer and ion transportation occurring in the electrode ***,the enhancement of electric conductivity and ionic mobility is vital for high-performing and stable metal ion ***,we report the properties of oxygen vacancies(VO)and carbon co-doped TiO_(2) hollow spheres(HS-TiO_(2))and compared them with fully oxidized white TiO_(2) hollow spheres(W-TiO_(2)).Theoretical calculations and experimental results revealed that the introduction of carbon dopant and VO in anatase TiO_(2) reduced the bandgap and the existence of localized electrons,leading to a lower migration barrier of Li ions that promoted faster ion diffusion kinetics,enabling the HS-TiO_(2) with higher reversibility during the insertion and extraction of Li ions than the W-TiO_(2).This HS-TiO_(2) delivered superior lithium storage properties with a specific discharge capacity of 214.6 mAh g^(-1) for the 100th cycle at 200 mA g^(-1) and 116.3 mAh g^(-1) over 2000 cycles at a high rate of 2 A g^(-1).

关键词： titanium dioxide localized electrons uniform hollow structure oxygen vacancies lithium-ion batteries

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Tuning the Casimir-Lifshitz force with gapped metals

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Physical Review B 2023年第16期108卷 165306-165306页

作者： M. Boström M. R. Khan H. R. Gopidi I. Brevik Y. Li C. Persson O. I. Malyi Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 Sp. z o. o. Wolczynska Str. 133 01-919 Warsaw Poland Department of Energy and Process Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7491 Trondheim Norway Department of Physics Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China Institute of Space Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department of Physics University of Oslo P. O. Box 1048 Blindern NO-0316 Oslo Norway Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden

The Casimir-Lifshitz interaction, a long-range force that arises between solids and molecules due to quantum fluctuations in electromagnetic fields, has been widely studied in solid-state physics. The degree of polarization in this interaction is influenced by the dielectric properties of the materials involved, which in turn are determined by factors such as band-to-band transitions, free carrier contributions, phonon contributions, and exciton contributions. Gapped metals, a new class of materials with unique electronic structures, offer the potential to manipulate dielectric properties and, consequently, the Casimir-Lifshitz interaction. In this study, we theoretically investigate the finite temperature Casimir-Lifshitz interaction in La3Te4-based gapped metal systems with varying off-stoichiometry levels. We demonstrate that off-stoichiometric effects in gapped metals can be used to control the magnitude and, in some cases, even the sign of Casimir-Lifshitz interactions. We predict measurable corrections due to stoichiometry on the predicted Casimir force between a La3Te4 surface and a gold sphere, attached to an atomic force microscopy tip.

关键词： Casimir effect Casimir effect & related phenomena Defects Dielectric properties

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Theoretical lower limit of coercive field in ferroelectric hafnia

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yang, Jiyuan Wu, Jing Li, Jingxuan Zhou, Chao Sun, Yang Chen, Zuhuang Liu, Shi Department of Physics School of Science Westlake University Zhejiang Hangzhou310024 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Joining of Materials and Structures School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518055 China Department of Physics Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Zhejiang Hangzhou310024 China

The high coercive field (Εc) of hafnia-based ferroelectrics presents a major obstacle to their applications. The ferroelectric switching mechanisms in hafnia that dictate Εc, especially those related to domain nucleation in the Nucleation-Limited-Switching (NLS) model and domain wall motion in the Kolmogorov-Avrami-Ishibas (KAI) model, have remained elusive. We develop a deep-learning-assisted multiscale approach, incorporating atomistic insights into the critical nucleus, to predict both NLS- and KAI-type coercive fields. The theoretical NLS-type Εc values agree with previous experimental results as well as our own measurements and also exhibit the correct thickness scaling for films between 3 and 20 nm. Combined theoretical and experimental investigations reveal that the giant Εc in hafnia-based ferroelectrics arises from the ultra-thin geometry, which confines switching to the NLS mechanism. We predict that the theoretical lower limit for KAI-type Εc is 0.1 MV/cm arsing from mobile domain walls. The activation of KAI-type switching to achieve lower Εc is supported by our experimental demonstration of a low coercive field of 1 MV/cm in a 60 nm ferroelectric (HfO2)n/(ZrO2)n (n = 3 unit cells) superlattices. These findings establish a comprehensive framework for understanding ferroelectric switching in hafnia and highlight the potential of geometry and domain-wall engineering to achieve low-Εc devices. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Nucleation

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Advanced Under-Rails Fiber-Optic Sensor for Detection of Rolling Stock and Axles in Tram Transport

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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Fajkus, Marcel Jargus, Jan Nedoma, Jan Kepak, Stanislav Krizan, Daniel Cubik, Jakub Krenzelok, Tomas Leal, Arnaldo Marques, Carlos VSB—Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Telecommunications Ostrava708 00 Czech Republic Prodin a.s. Pardubice530 02 Czech Republic Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Espirito Santo Vitoria29075-910 Brazil University of Aveiro CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Physics Department Aveiro3810-193 Portugal VSB—Technical University of Ostrava Department of Physics Ostrava708 00 Czech Republic

This article describes the implementation of an advanced fiber-optic intensity sensor for the comprehensive detection of axles and bogies of rail vehicles in tram transport. The sensor uses the principle of optical fiber bending, where the intensity of transmitted light is modulated due to mechanical stress on the fiber caused by the passage of a tram and the subsequent reversible deformation of the rail. The innovative design of the sensor allows for its easy installation under the rail foot, between the rail and the sleeper, replacing conventional anti-vibration pads, and includes specially designed deformable elements which the optical fiber bends and modulates the transmitted light intensity. During long-term testing (11 months in various weather conditions) conducted in the real tram depot (Ostrava, Czech Republic), 20602 tram passages were secured and analyzed. The sensor demonstrated success in detecting bogies, achieving 100% accuracy with no false positives (FPs) or false negatives (FNs). Axle detection showed an average success rate of 86.1%, with variability among different tram types up to 97.8%. The signal modulation was also subjected to detailed analysis, revealing differences in responses between various tram types, which can be attributed to differences in bogie construction and vehicle weight. Due to its electromagnetic immunity, the implemented fiber-optic sensor offers the potential for more reliable detection and broad application possibilities, including track occupancy monitoring, speed measurement, or determining the direction of travel on single-track lines. With slight optimization, the sensor could also be used to weigh rail vehicles or as an axle counter in railway or light rail transport. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Bogies (railroad rolling stock)

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