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DiffRenderGAN: Addressing Training Data Scarcity in Deep Segmentation Networks for Quantitative Nanomaterial Analysis through Differentiable Rendering and Generative Modelling

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Possart, Dennis Mill, Leonid Vollnhals, Florian Hildebrand, Tor Suter, Peter Hoffmann, Mathis Utz, Jonas Augsburger, Daniel Thies, Mareike Wu, Mingxuan Wagner, Fabian Sarau, George Christiansen, Silke Breininger, Katharina Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen91052 Germany Pattern Recognition Lab Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen91058 Germany Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy Forchheim91301 Germany Lucid Concepts AG Zurich8005 Switzerland Correlative Microscopy and Materials Data Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems Forchheim91301 Germany Institute of Experimental Physics Freie Universität Berlin Berlin91301 Germany Emeritus-Gruppe Leuchs Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light Erlangen91058 Germany Center for AI and Data Science Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Würzburg97074 Germany MIRA Vision Microscopy GmbH Göggingen73037 Germany

Nanomaterials exhibit distinctive properties governed by parameters such as size, shape, and surface characteristics, which critically influence their applications and interactions across technological, biological, and environmental contexts. Accurate quantification and understanding of these materials are essential for advancing research and innovation. In this regard, deep learning segmentation networks have emerged as powerful tools that enable automated insights and replace subjective methods with precise quantitative analysis. However, their efficacy depends on representative annotated datasets, which are challenging to obtain due to the costly imaging of nanoparticles and the labor-intensive nature of manual annotations. To overcome these limitations, we introduce DiffRenderGAN, a novel generative model designed to produce annotated synthetic data. By integrating a differentiable renderer into a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) framework, DiffRenderGAN optimizes textural rendering parameters to generate realistic, annotated nanoparticle images from non-annotated real microscopy images. This approach reduces the need for manual intervention and enhances segmentation performance compared to existing synthetic data methods by generating diverse and realistic data. Tested on multiple ion and electron microscopy cases, including titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and silver nanowires (AgNW), DiffRenderGAN bridges the gap between synthetic and real data, advancing the quantification and understanding of complex nanomaterial systems. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Synthesis, characterization, photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence studies of Zn 1- x - y Co x Ni y Fe 2 O 4 ( x & y = 0, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25) nanoparticles

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Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 2025年 468卷

作者： S. Yuvaraj S. Ramachandran Jothi Ramalingam Rajabathar R.S. Rimal Isaac R. Sheela M. Sundararajan S. Sasikumar Department of Physics Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology Vel Nagar Avadi Chennai 600 062 Tamil Nadu India PG & Research Department of Physics Arignar Anna College (Arts & Science) Krishnagiri 635115 Tamilnadu India Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box.2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia Department of Nanotechnology Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education Kumaracoil Kanyakumari 629180 Tamilnadu India PG & Research Department of Physics Paavendhar College of Arts & Science M.V. South Thalaivasal Salem Tamil Nadu 636 121 India School of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China

Nanoparticles of Co x Ni y Zn 1-x-y Fe 2 O 4 (0 ≤ x & y ≤ 0.25) were synthesized via microwave combustion. The X-ray diffraction investigation of ZnFe 2 O 4 samples, including those doped with Co 2+ and Ni 2+ , revealed the presence of a spinel structure with crystallite sizes ranging from 17, 22, 26 and 32 nm. The chemical elements and oxidation states of the produced samples were assessed by EDX and XPS studies. The lattice and crystallite were established using XRD analysis. The FT-IR spectra provide confirmation of the presence of functional groups in the synthesis of nanoparticles. The FE-SEM images shows hollow grain shapes with spherical morphology. The DRS UV–Vis spectra predicted the reduced band gap values along with an increased dopant concentration. Finally, the magnetic property of prepared nanoparticles (VSM spectra) shows ferromagnetic behaviour for all samples.

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Reuse of sodium–doped iridium oxide nanoparticles as a bio–stimulating electrode by a chemical and electrochemical recovery process

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Ceramics International 2024年第4期50卷 6220-6228页

作者： Tso, Kuang-Chih Chen, Chieh-Hsuan Chen, Po-Chun Li, Shao-Sian Chen, Jeng-Lung Ohta, Jun Wu, Pu-Wei Division of Materials Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Nara Institute of Science and Technology Nara630-0192 Japan Graduate Degree Program of Science and Technology of Accelerator Light Source National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan Institute of Materials Science and Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei106 Taiwan National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu300 Taiwan

A sequential chlorination and electrochemical reduction process is demonstrated to convert Na–doped iridium oxide nanoparticles into useful IrIIICl63−(aq) serving as the precursor for the fabrication of bio–stimulating electrode. The Na–doped iridium oxide nanoparticles are treated in 35 wt% hydrochloric acid at 70 °C for 18 h to form IrIVCl62−(aq) with pH of 0.3, so the latter could be readily reduced to IrIIICl63−(aq) at a potentiostatic mode of 0.6 V (vs. SCE). The oxidation state and the nature of complexing ligands for the regenerated IrIIICl63− and IrIVCl62−, as well as commercially available IrIIICl63− are validated by X–ray Absorption Spectroscopy. UV–Vis profiles of regenerated IrIVCl62−(aq) are recorded and the absorbance at 487 nm signal is benchmarked against that of standard IrIVCl62−(aq) to obtain the effective regeneration ratio of 68.6%. X–ray diffraction patterns of Na–doped iridium oxide nanoparticles before and after the annealing treatment indicate the amorphous structure facilitates the chlorination step. The regenerated IrIIICl63− is reused to synthesize Na–doped iridium oxide thin film serving as a bio–stimulating electrode for implantable bio–electronics. The regenerated Na–doped iridium oxide thin film reveals a charge-storage capacity of 0.32 mC/cm2-nm and impressive stability that are comparable to those of fresh Na–doped iridium oxide thin film derived from commercially available IrIIICl63−. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Transition metal oxides

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Photocurrent Nanoscopy of Quantum Hall Bulk

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jing, Ran Zhou, Boyi Sun, Jiacheng Chen, Shoujing Zheng, Wenjun Zhou, Zijian Wang, Heng Wehmeier, Lukas Cheng, Bing Dapolito, Michael Dong, Yinan Du, Zengyi Carr, G.L. Du, Xu Basov, D.N. Li, Qiang Liu, Mengkun Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973-5000 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Center for Integrated Science and Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Department of Physics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States

Understanding nanoscale electronic and thermal transport of two-dimensional (2D) electron systems in the quantum Hall regime, particularly in the bulk insulating state, poses considerable challenges. One of the primary difficulties arises from the presence of chiral edge channels, whose transport behavior obscures the investigation of the insulating bulk. Using near-field (NF) optical and photocurrent (PC) nanoscopy, we probe real-space variations of the optical and thermal dynamics of graphene in the quantum Hall regime without relying on complex sample or electrode geometries. Near the charge neutrality point (CNP), we detect strong optical and photothermal signals from resonant inter-Landau level (LL) magnetoexciton excitations between the 0th and ±1st LLs, which gradually weaken with increasing doping due to Pauli blocking. Interestingly, at higher doping levels and full integer LL fillings, photothermal signals reappear across the entire sample over a ~10-micrometer scale, indicating unexpectedly long cooling lengths and nonlocal photothermal heating through the insulating bulk. This observation suggests thermal conductivity persists for the localized states even as electronic transport is suppressed – a clear violation of the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law. Our experiments provide novel insights into nanoscale thermal and electronic transport in incompressible 2D gases, highlighting the roles of magnetoexcitons and chiral edge states in the thermo-optoelectric dynamics of Dirac quantum Hall state. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Thermal conductivity of gases

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Nanostructured material-based optical and electrochemical detection of amoxicillin antibiotic

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Luminescence 2023年第7期38卷 1064-1086页

作者： Imran, Mohd Ahmed, Shahzad Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi Hakami, Jabir Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad Rudayni, Hassan Ahmad Khan, Salah-Ud-Din Khan, Afzal Basher, Nosiba Suliman Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Jazan University P.O. Box. 706 Jazan Saudi Arabia School of Chemical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus Nibong Tebal Penang Malaysia Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan Jodhpur India Department of Physics College of Science Jazan University P.O. Box. 114 Jazan Saudi Arabia Riyadh Saudi Arabia Riyadh Saudi Arabia State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

The penicillin derivative amoxicillin (AMX) plays an important role in treating various types of infections caused by bacteria. However, excessive use of AMX may have negative health effects. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to detect and quantify the AMX in pharmaceutical drugs, biological fluids, and environmental samples with high sensitivity. Therefore, this review article provides valuable and up-to-date information on nanostructured material-based optical and electrochemical sensors to detect AMX in various biological and chemical samples. The role of using different nanostructured materials on the performance of important optical sensors such as colorimetric sensors, fluorescence sensors, surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensors, chemiluminescence/electroluminescence sensors, optical immunosensors, optical fibre-based sensors, and several important electrochemical sensors based on different electrode types have been discussed. Moreover, nanocomposites, polymer, and MXenes-based electrochemical sensors have also been discussed, in which such materials are being used to further enhance the sensitivity of these sensors. Furthermore, nanocomposite-based photo-electrochemical sensors and the market availability of biosensors including AMX have also been discussed briefly. Finally, the conclusion, challenges, and future perspectives of the above-mentioned sensing techniques for AMX detection are presented. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Antibiotics

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Unveiling the nanoscale architectures and dynamics of protein assembly with in situ atomic force microscopy

Aggregate

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Aggregate 2024年第5期5卷 181-199页

作者： Zhaoyi Zhai Sakshi Yadav Schmid Zhixing Lin Shuai Zhang Fang Jiao Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Physical Sciences Division Paciﬁc Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWashingtonUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA

Proteins play a vital role in different biological processes by forming complexes through precise folding with exclusive inter-and intra-molecular *** the structural and regulatory mechanisms underlying protein complex formation provides insights into biophysical ***,the principle of protein assembly gives guidelines for new biomimetic materials with potential appli-cations in medicine,energy,and *** force microscopy(AFM)is a powerful tool for investigating protein assembly and interactions across spatial scales(single molecules to cells)and temporal scales(milliseconds to days).It has signiﬁcantly contributed to understanding nanoscale architectures,inter-and intra-molecular interactions,and regulatory elements that determine protein structures,assemblies,and *** review describes recent advancements in elucidating protein assemblies with in situ *** discuss the structures,diffusions,interac-tions,and assembly dynamics of proteins captured by conventional and high-speed AFM in near-native environments and recent AFM developments in the multimodal high-resolution imaging,bimodal imaging,live cell imaging,and machine-learning-enhanced data *** approaches show the signiﬁcance of broadening the horizons of AFM and enable unprecedented explorations of protein assembly for biomaterial design and biomedical research.

关键词： atomic force microscopy biomimetic material high-speed AFM in situ protein assembly dynamics protein structure characterization

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Electronic structure and rebonding in the onionlike As@Ni12@As20 cluster

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Physical Review B 2003年第24期68卷 241404(R)-241404(R)页

作者： Tunna Baruah Rajendra R. Zope Steven L. Richardson Mark R. Pederson Department of Physics Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA Center for Computational Materials Science Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375-5345 USA School of Computational Sciences George Mason University Fairfax Virginia 22030 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Materials Science Research Center Howard University School of Engineering Washington DC 20059 USA

We present the ab initiostudy of the geometry, electronic structure, charged states, bonding, and vibrational modes of the recently synthesized fullerene-like As@Ni12@As20 cluster which has icosahedral point symmetry [M. J. Moses, J. C. Fettinger, and B. W. Eichhorn, science, 300, 778 (2003)]. We show that the molecule is vibrationally stable and will be electronically most stable in its −3 oxidation state in the condensed phase and in −2 state in the gas phase. We examine the bonding in this unusually structured molecule from charge transfer between atoms, infrared and Raman spectra, and charge-density isosurfaces.

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Improving open-circuit voltage by a chlorinated polymer donor endows binary organic solar cells efficiencies over 17%

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science China Chemistry 2020年第3期63卷 325-330页

作者： Ruijie Ma Tao Liu Zhenghui Luo Qing Guo Yiqun Xiao Yuzhong Chen Xiaojun Li Siwei Luo Xinhui Lu Maojie Zhang Yongfang Li He Yan Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration&Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(HKUST)Clear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Department of Physics Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong KongChina

Power conversion efficiency(PCE)of single-junction polymer solar cells(PSCs)has made a remarkable breakthrough *** of work was reported to achieve PCEs higher than 16%derived from the PM6:Y6 binary *** further increase the PCEs of binary OSCs incorporating small molecular acceptor(SMA)Y6,we substituted PM6 with PM7 due to the deeper highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)of ***,the PM7:Y6 has achieved PCEs as high as 17.0%by the hotcast method,due to the improved open-circuit voltage(VOC).Compared with PM6,the lower HOMO of PM7 increases the gap between ELUMO-donor and EHOMO-acceptor,which is proportional to *** research provides a high PCE for single-junction binary PSCs,which is meaningful for device fabrication related to PM7 and commercialization of PSCs.

关键词： single junction binary system power conversion efficiencies open-circuit voltage

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X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer studies of X20Cr13 steel subjected to ball milling

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Hyperfine Interactions 2009年第1-3期192卷 117-124页

作者： Jartych, E. Pikula, T. Oleszak, D. Department of Experimental Physics Institute of Physics Technical University of Lublin ul. Nadbystrzycka 38 20-618 Lublin Poland Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Warsaw University of Technology ul. Woloska 141 02-507 Warsaw Poland

The powders of X20Cr13 steel were subjected to ball milling process in a planetary ball mill. X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy studies revealed the refinement of the structure of this steel down to a nanocrystalline range practically without any phase transformations. Both techniques allowed to detect the alloyed ferrite as well as residual content of iron containing M23C6-type carbide, which was dissolved into the ferrite during milling. Hyperfine magnetic fields in ball milled steel samples did not differ significantly from those for the bulk steel disc. © 2009 Springer science+Business Media B.V.

关键词： Ball milling

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Large-scale quantum-dot-lithium-niobate hybrid integrated photonic circuits enabling on-chip quantum networking

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Xudong Zhang, Xiuqi Chen, Bowen Zhu, Yifan Qin, Yuanhao Dong, Lvbin Cai, Jiachen Sui, Dongchen Wu, Jinbo Zhang, Quan Liu, Runze Huo, Yongheng Liu, Jin Ou, Xin Zhang, Jiaxiang State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences 865 Changning Road Shanghai200050 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences Microscale and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai201315 China State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Physics School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510275 China

Hybrid integrated quantum photonics provides a promising approach to combine solid-state artificial atoms with fast reconfigurable photonic circuits, enabling scalable, chip-based quantum networks with enhanced qubit numbers and improved sources connectivity. Self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) are particularly attractive for this long-sought goal due to their ability to generate highly indistinguishable single photons with exceptional brightness and efficiency. The large-scale integration of QDs into low-loss photonic circuits could facilitate the creation of complex photonic quantum networks, enabling the generation, control, and transfer of entangled states via two-photon interference across distributed nodes. However, challenges related to the limited scalability in integration and significant inhomogeneous spectral broadening of QD emissions, and realization of quantum interference among independent sources have hindered progress toward this goal. Here, we present a hybrid photonic architecture that integrates arrays of QD-containing waveguides with low-loss lithium niobate (LN) photonic circuits, incorporating 20 deterministic single-photon sources (SPSs). By leveraging the piezoelectric properties of thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN), we introduce a circuit-compatible strain-tuning technique, achieving on-chip local spectral tuning of individual QD emissions by up to 7.7 meV—three orders of magnitude greater than the transform-limited linewidth of QD single-photon emission. This approach allows for the demonstration of on-chip quantum interference, achieving a visibility of 0.73 between two spatially separated waveguide-coupled QD SPSs which are connected through 0.48 mm-long waveguides, thereby establishing a functional quantum network on the hybrid platform. The large-scale integration of spectrally tunable and quantum-interconnected QD-based SPSs into low-loss LN photonic circuits, combined with the potential for fast electro-optical switching, paves the way

关键词： Semiconductor quantum dots

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