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Convective Boundary Mixing Processes

Research Notes of the AAS 2022年第2期6卷

作者： Evan H. Anders Adam S. Jermyn Daniel Lecoanet J. R. Fuentes Lydia Korre Benjamin P. Brown Jeffrey S. Oishi CIERA Northwestern University Evanston IL 60201 USA evan.anders@northwestern.edu Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New York NY 10010 USA Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA Department of Physics and McGill Space Institute McGill University 3600 rue University Montreal QC H3A 2T8 Canada Department of Applied Mathematics University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309-0526 USA Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics Boulder CO 80303 USA University of Colorado Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Boulder CO 80309 USA Bates College Department of Physics and Astronomy Lewiston Maine 04240 USA

Convective motions extend beyond the nominal boundaries of a convection zone. These motions mix fluid through multiple mechanisms collectively called 'convective boundary mixing.' In this note, we discuss three distinct fluid dynamical processes: convective overshoot, entrainment, and penetrative convection. We describe the structure of a convective boundary that these processes create. To resolve discrepancies between models and observations, the stellar astrophysics community should distinguish between these processes and parameterize each of them separately in 1D evolutionary models.

关键词： Stellar convective zones Stellar physics Stellar evolutionary models

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Elemental analysis of tsunami soil collected from Aceh of Indonesia using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2480卷

作者： Muliadi Ramli Rara Mitaphonna Kurnia Lahna Nasrullah Idris Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala Jl. Syech Abdurrauf No. 3 Darussalam 23111 Banda Aceh Aceh Indonesia Doctoral Program of Mathematics and Applied Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala 23111 Banda Aceh Indonesia Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala Jl. Syech Abdurrauf No. 3 Darussalam 23111 Banda Aceh Aceh Indonesia

Characterization of soil impacted by 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami giant disaster was carried out using a Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) for investigating its chemical composition. The soil sample was collected from several part of Aceh province of Indonesia. Aceh region is well known as a worst flood land by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. In this preliminary report, results from SEM-EDX analysis for soil sample collected from West Aceh Regency, the closest region to the earthquake epicenter, are presented. SEM image of the tsunami impacted soil sample shows a characteristic morphology with smaller particles and inhomogenous distribution. This is assumed due to the precipitation of several dissolved chemical elements during inundation by the tsunami water. EDX analysis proved that the tsunami impacted soil sample contaminated by organic components such as C and O, alkali/alkaline earth metals (Ca, Mg, Na, and K) as well as transition metals components including Al, Ti, Fe, Si. On the other hand, this experiment also displayed that oxygen element is a dominant element in the tsunami impacted soil with concentration of 52,57%, followed by carbon of 23.37% and silica of 13.41% (wt). The chemical profile of the tsunami impacted soil observed in this work suggests that SEM-EDX technique is a prospective method for evaluation of chemical composition in any impacted soil samples collected from tsunami affected area of Aceh, Indonesia.

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Physical model of discontinuity response in landslide application using geometry normalized electromagnetic system (GNES)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2221卷

作者： Muhammad Syukri Surbakti Bukhari Nazli Ismail Nasrullah Idris Muhammad Isa Elin Yusibani Zakaria Muhammad Nurman Mohd Zubir Mat Jafri 1Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala Jln. SyechAbdul Ra’uf No. 3 Darussalam 23111 Banda Aceh Aceh Indonesia 2Doctorate Program of Mathematics and Applied Science (DMAS) Postgraduate Program Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia 3SMAN 2 Binjai Jalan Padang No. 8 Binjai 20722 Indonesia 4School of Physics UniversitiSains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia

The discontinuity in a fractured land in landslide application could be represented by the metal defects in the physical modeling that will usually reduce the mass of the metal. The scale factor n is important for interpreting the field data using the physical model data. In this physical modeling (n = 100), the anomaly targets are aluminum plates and aluminum plates with the discontinuities. It is assumed the nonconductive environment. In the free-air condition which has zero conductivity is become representative of this environment. In the zero conductivity, the secondary field from the medium is not presence. In this condition, there are no phase differences between transmitted electromagnetic fields and that was received by the receiver. The discontinuity in this term is any treatment or defect that causes disruption or leads to a reduction in response triggered by the eddy currents. The discontinuities used on the thin plates and flaws will interrupt or reduce the eddy current flow on the plate, thereby reducing the induced voltage on the receiving coil and increasing its effective impedance. This is the basis of eddy current measurement. The electromagnetic field response to a metal that has discontinuities will change the eddy current portion. The eddy current that changes, therefore, will change the second field so that the percent response (% Response) of the receiver in the Geometry Normalized Electromagnetic System (GNES) instrument will also change.

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Preliminary report on feasibility of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with eco-friendly capping material for discriminating heavy metal contaminants in liquid milk

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2480卷

作者： Muliadi Ramli Rara Mitaphonna Febriani Saiful Kurnia Lahna Nasrullah Idris Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala Jl. Syech Abdurrauf No. 3 Darussalam 23111 Banda Aceh Aceh Indonesia Doctoral Program of Mathematics and Applied Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala 23111 Banda Aceh Indonesia Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala Jl. Syech Abdurrauf No. 3 Darussalam 23111 Banda Aceh Aceh Indonesia

This work was carried out to examine the feasibility of LIBS technique coupled with chitosan adsorbent for heavy metal analysis in liquid sample, namely liquid milk products. Heavy metals contained in the liquid products were trapped on the chitosan surface before being irradiated by a focused laser beam using a LIBS technique. Preliminary results of the emission spectra of the heavy metal (Pb) capped on chitosan can clearly be detected using the LIBS technique. Thus, this proposed method of LIBS coupled with chitosan adsorbent could be a promising, efficient and eco-friendly techniques for analyzing heavy metal contaminants in milk liquid samples.

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Preface

Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies

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Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies 2019年 133卷 v页

作者： Petrov, Igor B. Favorskaya, Alena V. Favorskaya, Margarita N. Simakov, Sergey S. Jain, Lakhmi C. Department of Computer Science and Numerical Mathematics Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology The Moscow Area Dolgoprudny Russia Department of Applied Computational Geophysics Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology The Moscow Area Dolgoprudny Russia Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsk Russia Department of Computational Physics Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology The Moscow Area Dolgoprudny Russia Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology Centre for Artificial Intelligence University of Technology SydneyNSW Australia Faculty of Science and Technology University of Canberra CanberraACT Australia Faculty of Science Liverpool Hope University Liverpool United Kingdom KES International Shoreham-by-Sea United Kingdom

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A Density Functional Theory Study of a Calcium- Montmorillonite: A First Investigation for Medicine Application

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Journal of physics: Conference Series 2016年第1期739卷

作者： Triati Dewi Kencana Wungu Muhammad Rifqi Al Fauzan Widayani Suprijadi Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Master Program in Computational Science Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

In this study, we performed structural geometry and electronic properties calculations of calcium - based clay mineral for medicine application using first principles calculation by means of Density Functional Theory. Here, a kind of clay mineral used was Ca- montmorillonite and it is applied as an absorber of dangerous metal contained in a human body, such as Pb, which causes osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a disease associated with bone mass decreases. Since montmorillonite has ability to exchange its cation (Ca+2), therefore, it plays an important role in preventing or/and cure human bone from osteoporosis. In order to understand how Ca-montmorillonite can do detoxification in the human body, we firstly investigated the mechanism of Pb adsorption on the surface of Ca-montmorillonite in an atomic level point of view. We found that the repulsive interactions between H of OH groups with Ca and Pb yielding the rotation of the H of OH groups of montmorillonite. A relatively small movement of Ca was observed when Pb is adsorbed and the band gap of Ca- montmorillonite becomes 1.87 eV narrow.

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Manipulating chiral-spin transport with ferroelectric polarization

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Huang, Xiaoxi Chen, Xianzhe Li, Yuhang Mangeri, John Zhang, Hongrui Ramesh, Maya Taghinejad, Hossein Meisenheimer, Peter Caretta, Lucas Susarla, Sandhya Jain, Rakshit Klewe, Christoph Wang, Tianye Chen, Rui Hsu, Cheng-Hsiang Pan, Hao Yin, Jia Shafer, Padraic Qiu, Ziqiang Rodrigues, Davi R. Heinonen, Olle Vasudevan, Dilip Íñiguez, Jorge Schlom, Darrell G. Salahuddin, Sayeef Martin, Lane W. Analytis, James G. Ralph, Daniel C. Cheng, Ran Yao, Zhi Ramesh, Ramamoorthy Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory CA94720 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 5 Esch/AlzetteL-4362 Luxembourg Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University TempeAZ85281 United States Department of Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Kavli Institute Cornell for Nanoscale Science IthacaNY14853 United States Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory CA94720 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Politecnico di Bari Via Edoardo Orabona 4 BA Bari70126 Italy Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S Cass Ave LemontIL60439 United States Department of Physics and Materials Science University of Luxembourg 41 Rue du Brill BelvauxL-4422 Luxembourg Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California RiversideCA92521 United States

A collective excitation of the spin structure in a magnetic insulator can transmit spin-angular momentum with negligible dissipation1–5. This quantum of a spin wave, introduced more than nine decades ago6, has always been manipulated through magnetic dipoles7–10, (i.e., time-reversal symmetry). Here, we report the experimental observation of chiral-spin transport in multiferroic BiFeO3, where the spin transport is controlled by reversing the ferroelectric polarization (i.e., spatial inversion symmetry). The ferroelectrically controlled magnons produce an unprecedented ratio of up to 18% rectification at room temperature. The spin torque that the magnons in BiFeO3 carry can be used to efficiently switch the magnetization of adjacent magnets, with a spin-torque efficiency being comparable to the spin Hall effect in heavy metals. Utilizing such a controllable magnon generation and transmission in BiFeO3, an all-oxide, energy-scalable logic is demonstrated composed of spin-orbit injection, detection, and magnetoelectric control. This observation opens a new chapter of multiferroic magnons and paves an alternative pathway towards low-dissipation nanoelectronics. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iron compounds

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Characteristics of plasma produced from tsunami impacted soil sample using a transversely excited atmospheric pressure-carbon dioxide (TEA-CO2) laser

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2480卷

作者： Rara Mitaphonna Muliadi Ramli Kurnia Lahna Nazli Ismail Kazuyoshi Kurihara Nasrullah Idris Doctoral Program of Mathematics and Applied Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala 23111 Banda Aceh Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala Jl. Syech Abdurrauf No. 3 Darussalam 23111 Banda Aceh Aceh Indonesia Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Syiah Kuala Jl. Syech Abdurrauf No. 3 Darussalam 23111 Banda Aceh Aceh Indonesia Department of Physics Faculty of Education University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan

In this work, plasma characteristics in terms of temperature and electron density of a plasma of the tsunami impacted soil sample induced by a transversely excited atmospheric carbon dioxide (TEA-CO2) LIBS was studied. Practically, the tsunami impacted soil samples was taken from at the worst affected area by the giant tsunami, Banda Aceh city, Aceh province, Indonesia. The generated plasma has been produced after TEA-CO2 pulses laser was targeted onto sample placed on a sample holder in air surrounding gas. The emission spectral lines emitted from the plasma region collected using system of an optical multichannel analyser (OMA) allowed atomic emission lines could be clearly identified. The temperature of plasma was estimateed through the method of Boltzmann plot, while the plasma electron density has been obtained by method of Saha-Boltzmann using spectral lines of calcium both atomic and ionic spectral lines. As results, the plasma temperature and electron density produced were T = 8691 K and 5,2 × 1015 cm−3, respectively. Generally, the plasma temperature and density electron obtained are fit to the Maxwell distribution criteria kT <50,000 and Mcwhriter’s criteria (Ne >1.6×1012 T½ (ΔE)3) for plasma laser in state of local thermal equilibrium LTE).

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The bulk van der Waals layered magnet CrSBr is a quasi-1D material

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Klein, Julian Pingault, Benjamin Florian, Matthias Heißenbüttel, Marie-Christin Steinhoff, Alexander Song, Zhigang Torres, Kierstin Dirnberger, Florian Curtis, Jonathan B. Weile, Mads Penn, Aubrey Deilmann, Thorsten Dana, Rami Bushati, Rezlind Quan, Jiamin Luxa, Jan Sofer, Zdenek Alù, Andrea Menon, Vinod M. Wurstbauer, Ursula Rohlfing, Michael Narang, Prineha Lončar, Marko Ross, Frances M. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States QuTech Delft University of Technology Delft2600 GA Netherlands Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Institut für Festkörpertheorie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Münster48149 Germany Institut für Theoretische Physik Universität Bremen P.O. Box 330 440 Bremen28334 Germany Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science University of Bremen Bremen28359 Germany Department of Physics City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States College of Letters and Science UCLA Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark Kgs. LyngbyDK-2800 Denmark MIT.nano Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics The Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States Photonics Initiative CUNY Advanced Science Research Center New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10026 United States Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 Prague 6166 28 Czech Republic Institute of Physics Center for Nanotechnology University of Münster Münster48149 Germany

Correlated quantum phenomena in one-dimensional (1D) systems that exhibit competing electronic and magnetic order are of strong interest for studying fundamental interactions and excitations, such as Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids and topological orders and defects with properties completely different from the quasiparticles expected in their higher-dimensional counterparts. However, clean 1D electronic systems are difficult to realize experimentally, particularly magnetically ordered systems. Here, we show that the van der Waals layered magnetic semiconductor CrSBr behaves like a quasi-1D material embedded in a magnetically ordered environment. The strong 1D electronic character originates from the Cr-S chains and the combination of weak interlayer hybridization and anisotropy in effective mass and dielectric screening with an effective electron mass ratio of meX/meY ∼ 50. This extreme anisotropy experimentally manifests in strong electron-phonon and exciton-phonon interactions, a Peierls-like structural instability and a Fano resonance from a van Hove singularity of similar strength of metallic carbon nanotubes. Moreover, due to the reduced dimensionality and interlayer coupling, CrSBr hosts spectrally narrow (1 meV) excitons of high binding energy and oscillator strength that inherit the 1D character. Overall, CrSBr is best understood as a stack of weakly hybridized monolayers and appears to be an experimentally attractive candidate for the study of exotic exciton and 1D correlated many-body physics in the presence of magnetic order. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Excitons

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Position: Bayesian Deep Learning is Needed in the Age of Large-Scale AI

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Papamarkou, Theodore Skoularidou, Maria Palla, Konstantina Aitchison, Laurence Arbel, Julyan Dunson, David Filippone, Maurizio Fortuin, Vincent Hennig, Philipp Hernández-Lobato, José Miguel Hubin, Aliaksandr Immer, Alexander Karaletsos, Theofanis Khan, Mohammad Emtiyaz Kristiadi, Agustinus Li, Yingzhen Mandt, Stephan Nemeth, Christopher Osborne, Michael A. Rudner, Tim G.J. Rügamer, David Teh, Yee Whye Welling, Max Wilson, Andrew Gordon Zhang, Ruqi Department of Mathematics The University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge United States Spotify London United Kingdom Computational Neuroscience Unit University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom Centre Inria de l'Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France Department of Statistical Science Duke University United States Statistics Program KAUST Saudi Arabia Helmholtz AI Munich Germany Department of Computer Science Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Munich Center for Machine Learning Munich Germany Tübingen AI Center University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Mathematics University of Oslo Oslo Norway Bioinformatics and Applied Statistics Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway Department of Computer Science ETH Zurich Switzerland Chan Zuckerberg Initiative CA United States Center for Advanced Intelligence Project RIKEN Tokyo Japan Vector Institute Toronto Canada Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Computer Science UC Irvine Irvine United States Department of Mathematics and Statistics Lancaster University Lancaster United Kingdom Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Center for Data Science New York University New York United States Department of Statistics LMU Munich Munich Germany DeepMind London United Kingdom Department of Statistics University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences Center for Data Science Computer Science Department New York University New York United States Department of Computer Science Purdue University West Lafayette United States

In the current landscape of deep learning research, there is a predominant emphasis on achieving high predictive accuracy in supervised tasks involving large image and language datasets. However, a broader perspective reveals a multitude of overlooked metrics, tasks, and data types, such as uncertainty, active and continual learning, and scientific data, that demand attention. Bayesian deep learning (BDL) constitutes a promising avenue, offering advantages across these diverse settings. This paper posits that BDL can elevate the capabilities of deep learning. It revisits the strengths of BDL, acknowledges existing challenges, and highlights some exciting research avenues aimed at addressing these obstacles. Looking ahead, the discussion focuses on possible ways to combine large-scale foundation models with BDL to unlock their full potential. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Large datasets

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