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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood *** We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor *** The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy *** By co-analysing geospatial trends in d

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Measurements of Groomed-Jet Substructure of Charm Jets Tagged by D0 Mesons in Proton-Proton Collisions at s=13 TeV

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第19期131卷 192301-192301页

作者： S. Acharya D. Adamová A. Adler G. Aglieri Rinella M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja A. Akindinov M. Al-Turany D. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda R. Alfaro Molina B. Ali Y. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme G. Alocco T. Alt I. Altsybeev M. N. Anaam C. Andrei A. Andronic V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli C. Anuj N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser C. Arata S. Arcelli M. Aresti R. Arnaldi I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus R. Averbeck M. D. Azmi A. Badalà Y. W. Baek X. Bai R. Bailhache Y. Bailung R. Bala A. Balbino A. Baldisseri B. Balis D. Banerjee Z. Banoo R. Barbera F. Barile L. Barioglio M. Barlou G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby V. Barret L. Barreto C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch F. Baruffaldi N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne D. Battistini B. Batyunya D. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie P. Becht D. Behera I. Belikov A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini R. Bellwied S. Belokurova V. Belyaev G. Bencedi S. Beole A. Bercuci Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin M. A. Bhat B. Bhattacharjee L. Bianchi N. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková J. Biernat A. P. Bigot A. Bilandzic G. Biro S. Biswas N. Bize J. T. Blair D. Blau M. B. Blidaru N. Bluhme C. Blume G. Boca F. Bock T. Bodova A. Bogdanov S. Boi J. Bok L. Boldizsár A. Bolozdynya M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov H. Bossi E. Botta Y. E. M. Bouziani L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno M. D. Buckland D. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino O. Bugnon P. Buhler Z. Buthelezi J. B. Butt S. A. Bysiak M. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho P. Camerini F. D. M. Canedo M. Carabas F. Carnesecchi R. Caron J. Castillo Castellanos F. Catalano C. Ceballos Sanchez I. Chakaberia P. Chakraborty S. Chandra S. Chapeland M. Chartier S. Chattopadhyay T. G. Chavez T. Cheng C. Cheshkov B. Cheynis V. Chibante Barroso D. D. Chinellato E. S. Chizzali J. Cho S. Cho P. Chochula P. Christakoglou C. H. Christensen P. Christ Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Husinec-Řež Czech Republic Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik Frankfurt Germany European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN Bologna Italy University of Houston Houston Texas USA Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA SUBATECH IMT Atlantique Nantes Université CNRS-IN2P3 Nantes France Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie Université Grenoble-Alpes CNRS-IN2P3 Grenoble

Understanding the role of parton mass and Casimir color factors in the quantum chromodynamics parton shower represents an important step in characterizing the emission properties of heavy quarks. Recent experimental advances in jet substructure techniques have provided the opportunity to isolate and characterize gluon emissions from heavy quarks. In this Letter, the first direct experimental constraint on the charm-quark splitting function is presented, obtained via the measurement of the groomed shared momentum fraction of the first splitting in charm jets, tagged by a reconstructed D0 meson. The measurement is made in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV, in the low jet transverse-momentum interval of 15≤pTjet ch<30 GeV/c where the emission properties are sensitive to parton mass effects. In addition, the opening angle of the first perturbative emission of the charm quark, as well as the number of perturbative emissions it undergoes, is reported. Comparisons to measurements of an inclusive-jet sample show a steeper splitting function for charm quarks compared with gluons and light quarks. Charm quarks also undergo fewer perturbative emissions in the parton shower, with a reduced probability of large-angle emissions.

关键词： Quark & gluon jets

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CMB-S4: Forecasting constraints on primordial gravitational waves

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Abazajian, Kevork Addison, Graeme E. Adshead, Peter Ahmed, Zeeshan Akerib, Daniel Ali, Aamir Allen, Steven W. Alonso, David Alvarez, Marcelo Amin, Mustafa A. Anderson, Adam Arnold, Kam S. Ashton, Peter Baccigalupi, Carlo Bard, Debbie Barkats, Denis Barron, Darcy Barry, Peter S. Bartlett, James G. Thakur, Ritoban Basu Battaglia, Nicholas Bean, Rachel Bebek, Chris Bender, Amy N. Benson, Bradford A. Bianchini, Federico Bischoff, Colin A. Bleem, Lindsey Bock, James J. Bocquet, Sebastian Boddy, Kimberly K. Bond, J. Richard Borrill, Julian Bouchet, François R. Brinckmann, Thejs Brown, Michael L. Bryan, Sean Buza, Victor Byrum, Karen Caimapo, Carlos Hervias Calabrese, Erminia Calafut, Victoria Caldwell, Robert Carlstrom, John E. Carron, Julien Cecil, Thomas Challinor, Anthony Chang, Clarence L. Chinone, Yuji Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry Cooray, Asantha Coulton, Will Crawford, Thomas M. Crites, Abigail Cukierman, Ari Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan de Haan, Tijmen Delabrouille, Jacques Devlin, Mark Valentino, Eleonora Di Dierickx, Marion Dobbs, Matt Duff, Shannon Dunkley, Jo Dvorkin, Cora Eimer, Joseph Elleflot, Tucker Errard, Josquin Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Fabbian, Giulio Feng, Chang Ferraro, Simone Filippini, Jeffrey P. Flauger, Raphael Flaugher, Brenna Fraisse, Aurelien A. Frolov, Andrei Galitzki, Nicholas Gallardo, Patricio A. Galli, Silvia Ganga, Ken Gerbino, Martina Gluscevic, Vera Goeckner-Wald, Neil Green, Daniel Grin, Daniel Grohs, Evan Gualtieri, Riccardo Gudmundsson, Jon E. Gullett, Ian Gupta, Nikhel Habib, Salman Halpern, Mark Halverson, Nils W. Hanany, Shaul Harrington, Kathleen Hasegawa, Masaya Hasselfield, Matthew Hazumi, Masashi Heitmann, Katrin Henderson, Shawn Hensley, Brandon Hill, Charles Hill, J. Colin Hložek, Renée Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty Hoang, Thuong Holder, Gil Holzapfel, William Hood, John Hubmayr, Johannes Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hui, Howard Irwin, Kent Jeong, Oliver Johnson, Bradley R. Jones, William C. Kang, Jae Hwan Karkare, Kirit S. Katayama, Nobuhiko Keskitalo, Reijo Kisner, Theodore Knox, Lloyd Koopman, Br University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3RH United Kingdom Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory BataviaIL60510 United States University of California San Diego San diegoCA92093 United States SISSA - International School for Advanced Studies Via Bonomea 265 Trieste34136 Italy IFPU - Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe Via Beirut 2 Trieste34014 Italy INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics Via Valerio 2 TriesteI-34127 Italy Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM87131 United States Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States CNRS/IN2P3 Université Paris Diderot Paris Cedex 1375205 France California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States School of Physics University of Melbourne ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH45221 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91011 United States Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich81679 Germany Theory Group Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 Uni

CMB-S4—the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment—is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool, targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2–3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or, in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

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Measurement of the J/ψ Polarization with Respect to the Event Plane in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第4期131卷 042303-042303页

作者： S. Acharya D. Adamová A. Adler G. Aglieri Rinella M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja A. Akindinov M. Al-Turany D. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda R. Alfaro Molina B. Ali Y. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme G. Alocco T. Alt I. Altsybeev M. N. Anaam C. Andrei A. Andronic V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli C. Anuj N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser S. Arcelli R. Arnaldi I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus R. Averbeck S. Aziz M. D. Azmi A. Badalà Y. W. Baek X. Bai R. Bailhache Y. Bailung R. Bala A. Balbino A. Baldisseri B. Balis D. Banerjee Z. Banoo R. Barbera L. Barioglio M. Barlou G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby V. Barret L. Barreto C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch F. Baruffaldi N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne D. Battistini B. Batyunya D. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie P. Becht D. Behera I. Belikov A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini R. Bellwied S. Belokurova V. Belyaev G. Bencedi S. Beole A. Bercuci Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin I. R. Bhat M. A. Bhat B. Bhattacharjee L. Bianchi N. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková J. Biernat A. Bilandzic G. Biro S. Biswas J. T. Blair D. Blau M. B. Blidaru N. Bluhme C. Blume G. Boca F. Bock T. Bodova A. Bogdanov S. Boi J. Bok L. Boldizsár A. Bolozdynya M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov H. Bossi E. Botta L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno M. D. Buckland D. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino O. Bugnon P. Buhler Z. Buthelezi J. B. Butt A. Bylinkin S. A. Bysiak M. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho R. S. Camacho P. Camerini F. D. M. Canedo M. Carabas F. Carnesecchi R. Caron J. Castillo Castellanos F. Catalano C. Ceballos Sanchez I. Chakaberia P. Chakraborty S. Chandra S. Chapeland M. Chartier S. Chattopadhyay T. G. Chavez T. Cheng C. Cheshkov B. Cheynis V. Chibante Barroso D. D. Chinellato E. S. Chizzali J. Cho S. Cho P. Chochula P. Christakoglou C. H. Christensen P. Christiansen T. Chujo M. Cia Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Husinec-Řež Czech Republic Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik Frankfurt Germany European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN Bologna Italy University of Houston Houston Texas USA Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Munster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA SUBATECH IMT Atlantique Nantes Université CNRS-IN2P3 Nantes France Department of Physics University of Oslo Oslo Norway Yale University New Haven Connecticut

We study the polarization of inclusive J/ψ produced in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV at the LHC in the dimuon channel, via the measurement of the angular distribution of its decay products. We perform the study i... 详细信息

关键词： Collective flow Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Quarkonia

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Roadmap on Deep Learning for Microscopy

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Volpe, Giovanni Wählby, Carolina Tian, Lei Hecht, Michael Yakimovich, Artur Monakhova, Kristina Waller, Laura Sbalzarini, Ivo F. Metzler, Christopher A. Xie, Mingyang Zhang, Kevin Lenton, Isaac C.D. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina Brunner, Daniel Bai, Bijie Ozcan, Aydogan Midtvedt, Daniel Wang, Hao Sladoje, Nataša Lindblad, Joakim Smith, Jason T. Ochoa, Marien Barroso, Margarida Intes, Xavier Qiu, Tong Yu, Li-Yu You, Sixian Liu, Yongtao Ziatdinov, Maxim A. Kalinin, Sergei V. Sheridan, Arlo Manor, Uri Nehme, Elias Goldenberg, Ofri Shechtman, Yoav Moberg, Henrik K. Langhammer, Christoph Špačková, Barbora Helgadottir, Saga Midtvedt, Benjamin Argun, Aykut Thalheim, Tobias Cichos, Frank Bo, Stefano Hubatsch, Lars Pineda, Jesus Manzo, Carlo Bachimanchi, Harshith Selander, Erik Homs-Corbera, Antoni Fränzl, Martin de Haan, Kevin Rivenson, Yair Korczak, Zofia Adiels, Caroline Beck Mijalkov, Mite Veréb, Dániel Chang, Yu-Wei Pereira, Joana B. Matuszewski, Damian Kylberg, Gustaf Sintorn, Ida-Maria Caicedo, Juan C. Cimini, Beth A. Bell, Muyinatu Lediju A. Saraiva, Bruno M. Jacquemet, Guillaume Henriques, Ricardo Ouyang, Wei Le, Trang Gómez-De-Mariscal, Estibaliz Sage, Daniel Muñoz-Barrutia, Arrate Lindqvist, Ebba Josefson Bergman, Johanna Department of Physics University of Gothenburg Gothenburg41296 Sweden Dept. IT and SciLifeLab Uppsala University Sweden Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Görlitz Germany Department of Renal Medicine Division of Medicine University College London Royal Free Hospital Campus London United Kingdom Artificial Intelligence for Life Sciences CIC Dorset United Kingdom Roche Pharma International Informatics Roche Diagnostics GmbH Mannheim Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences UC Berkeley United States Technische Universität Dresden Faculty of Computer Science Dresden Germany Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Center for Systems Biology Dresden Dresden Germany University of Maryland College Park United States Klosterneuburg3400 Austria School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland Brisbane4072 Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems The University of Queensland Brisbane4072 Australia Département d’Optique P. M. Duffieux Institut FEMTO-ST Université Franche-Comté CNRS UMR 6174 Besançon France Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Department of Information Technology Uppsala University Sweden Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States Elephas 1 Erdman Pl. Madison53705 United States University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Medical Physics MadisonWI53705 United States Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology Albany Medical College AlbanyNY12208 United States Research Laboratory of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology BostonMA United States Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak R

Through digital imaging, microscopy has evolved from primarily being a means for visual observation of life at the micro- and nano-scale, to a quantitative tool with ever-increasing resolution and throughput. Artificial intelligence, deep neural networks, and machine learning are all niche terms describing computational methods that have gained a pivotal role in microscopy-based research over the past decade. This Roadmap is written collectively by prominent researchers and encompasses selected aspects of how machine learning is applied to microscopy image data, with the aim of gaining scientific knowledge by improved image quality, automated detection, segmentation, classification and tracking of objects, and efficient merging of information from multiple imaging modalities. We aim to give the reader an overview of the key developments and an understanding of possibilities and limitations of machine learning for microscopy. It will be of interest to a wide cross-disciplinary audience in the physical sciences and life sciences. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Corrigendum to “Establishment of an institutional diagnostic reference level for vascular lower extremity computed tomography angiography” [Radiat. Phys. Chem., 217, 111460]

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Radiation physics and Chemistry 2024年 223卷

作者： Abdelmoneim Sulieman Mohammed Alkhorayef Essam Alkhaybari Rasha Jaafar Abdelrahman Elnour Abdullah Almujally Esameldeen Babikir Mohamed Abuzaid Nouf Abuhadi Hassan Salah David A. Bradley Radiology Sciences Department College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences P.O. Box 2477 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia Department of Radiological Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University P.O Box 10219 Riyadh 11433 Saudi Arabia Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University College of Applied Medical Sciences Radiology and Medical Imaging Department P.O.Box 422 Alkharj 11942 Saudi Arabia Basic Science Department College of Medical Radiologic Sciences Sudan University of Science and Technology Khartoum Sudan College of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine National Ribat University Khartoum Sudan Biomedical Physics Department King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia Radiologic Technology Program College of Health and Sport Sciences University of Bahrain P.O. Box 32038 Manama Bahrain University of Sharjah College of Health Sciences Medical Diagnostic Imaging Department United Arab Emirates Diagnostic Radiology Technology Department College of Applied Medical Sciences Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia Inaya Medical College Department of Nuclear Medicine Technology P.O. Box 271 880 Riyadh 11352 Saudi Arabia Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group CCDCU Sunway University Malaysia School of Mathematics and Physics University of Surrey Guildford United Kingdom

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Chiral Gold Nanorods with Five-Fold Rotational Symmetry and Orientation-Dependent Chiroptical Properties of Their Monomers and Dimers

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第52期135卷

作者： Dr. Lingling Zhang Yilin Chen Dr. Jiapeng Zheng Dr. George R. Lewis Xinyue Xia Prof. Emilie Ringe Prof. Wei Zhang Prof. Jianfang Wang Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR 999077 China Contribution: Investigation (lead) Methodology (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) Contribution: Investigation (supporting) Methodology (supporting) Writing - original draft (supporting) Contribution: Methodology (supporting) Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EQ UK Contribution: Funding acquisition (lead) Investigation (supporting) Methodology (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088 China Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting) Funding acquisition (lead) Investigation (supporting) Methodology (supporting)

Chiral plasmonic nanoparticles have attracted much attention because of their strong chiroptical responses and broad scientific applications. However, the types of chiral plasmonic nanoparticles have remained limited. Herein we report on a new type of chiral nanoparticle, chiral Au nanorod (NR) with five-fold rotational symmetry, which is synthesized using chiral molecules. Three different types of Au seeds (Au elongated nanodecahedrons, nanodecahedrons, and nanobipyramids) are used to study the growth behaviors. Different synthesis parameters, including the chiral molecules, surfactant, reductant, seeds, and Au precursor, are systematically varied to optimize the chiroptical responses of the chiral Au NRs. The chiral scattering measurements on the individual chiral Au NRs and their dimers are performed. Intriguingly, the chiroptical signals of the individual chiral Au NRs and their end-to-end dimers are similar, while those of the side-by-side dimers are largely reduced. Theoretical calculations and numerical simulations reveal that the different chiroptical responses of the chiral NR dimers are originated from the coupling effect between the plasmon resonance modes. Our study enriches chiral plasmonic nanoparticles and provides valuable insight for the design of plasmonic nanostructures with desired chiroptical properties.

关键词： Chiral Gold Nanorods Chiral Nanoparticle Dimers Coupling-Induced Chirality Modulation Plasmon Resonance Plasmonic Chirality

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Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Cosmology from Cosmic Shear and Robustness to Modeling Uncertainty

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Secco, Lucas F. Samuroff, S. Krause, E. Jain, B. Blazek, J. Raveri, M. Campos, A. Amon, A. Chen, A. Doux, C. Choi, A. Gruen, D. Bernstein, G.M. Chang, C. DeRose, J. Myles, J. Ferté, A. Lemos, P. Huterer, D. Prat, J. Troxel, M.A. MacCrann, N. Liddle, A.R. Kacprzak, T. Fang, X. Sánchez, C. Pandey, S. Dodelson, S. Chintalapati, P. Hoffmann, K. Alarcon, A. Alves, O. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Baxter, E.J. Bechtol, K. Becker, M.R. Brandao-Souza, A. Camacho, H. Carnero Rosell, A. Carrasco Kind, M. Cawthon, R. Cordero, J.P. Crocce, M. Davis, C. Di Valentino, E. Drlica-Wagner, A. Eckert, K. Eifler, T.F. Elidaiana, M. Elsner, F. Elvin-Poole, J. Everett, S. Fosalba, P. Friedrich, O. Gatti, M. Giannini, G. Gruendl, R.A. Harrison, I. Hartley, W.G. Herner, K. Huang, H. Huff, E.M. Jarvis, M. Jeffrey, N. Kuropatkin, N. Leget, P.-F. Muir, J. McCullough, J. Navarro Alsina, A. Omori, Y. Park, Y. Porredon, A. Rollins, R. Roodman, A. Rosenfeld, R. Ross, A.J. Rykoff, E.S. Sanchez, J. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Sheldon, E.S. Shin, T. Tutusaus, I. Varga, T.N. Weaverdyck, N. Wechsler, R.H. Yanny, B. Yin, B. Zhang, Y. Zuntz, J. Abbott, T.M.C. Aguena, M. Allam, S. Annis, J. Bacon, D. Bertin, E. Bhargava, S. Bridle, S.L. Brooks, D. Buckley-Geer, E. Burke, D.L. Carretero, J. Costanzi, M. da Costa, L.N. de Vicente, J. Diehl, H.T. Dietrich, J.P. Doel, P. Ferrero, I. Flaugher, B. Frieman, J. García-Bellido, J. Gaztanaga, E. Gerdes, D.W. Giannantonio, T. Gschwend, J. Gutierrez, G. Hinton, S.R. Hollowood, D.L. Honscheid, K. Hoyle, B. James, D.J. Jeltema, T. Kuehn, K. Lahav, O. Lima, M. Lin, H. Maia, M.A.G. Marshall, J.L. Martini, P. Melchior, P. Menanteau, F. Miquel, R. Mohr, J.J. Morgan, R. Ogando, R.L.C. Palmese, A. Paz-Chinchón, F. Petravick, D. Pieres, A. Plazas Malagón, A.A. Rodriguez-Monroy, M. Romer, A.K. Sanchez, E. Scarpine, V. Schubnell, M. Scolnic, D. Serrano, S. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, M. Suchyta, E. Swanson, M.E.C. Tarle, G. Thomas, D. To, C. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States McWilliams Center for Cosmology Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Astronomy Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721-0065 United States Versoix1290 Switzerland Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology Stanford University P. O. Box 2450 StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Physics The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Physics Stanford University 382 Via Pueblo Mall StanfordCA94305 United States SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr. PasadenaCA91109 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Department of Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0WA United Kingdom Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa1769-016 Portugal Institute for Astronomy University of Edinburgh EdinburghEH9 3HJ United Kingdom Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline St. North WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics ETH Zürich Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27 ZürichCH-8093 Swit

This work and its companion paper, Amon et al. (2021), present cosmic shear measurements and cosmological constraints from over 100 million source galaxies in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 data. We constrain the lensing amplitude parameter S8 ≡ σ8 (Formula presented) at the 3% level in ΛCDM: S8 = 0.759+0.025-0.023 (68% CL). Our constraint is at the 2% level when using angular scale cuts that are optimized for the ΛCDM analysis: S8 = 0.772+0.018-0.017 (68% CL). With cosmic shear alone, we find no statistically significant constraint on the dark energy equation-of-state parameter at our present statistical power. We carry out our analysis blind, and compare our measurement with constraints from two other contemporary weak lensing experiments: the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) and Hyper-Suprime Camera Subaru Strategic program (HSC). We additionally quantify the agreement between our data and external constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Our DES Y3 result under the assumption of ΛCDM is found to be in statistical agreement with Planck 2018, although favors a lower S8 than the CMB-inferred value by 2.3σ (a p-value of 0.02). This paper explores the robustness of these cosmic shear results to modeling of intrinsic alignments, the matter power spectrum and baryonic physics. We additionally explore the statistical preference of our data for intrinsic alignment models of different complexity. The fiducial cosmic shear model is tested using synthetic data, and we report no biases greater than 0.3σ in the plane of S8 × Ωm caused by uncertainties in the theoretical models. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

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Constraining the Baryonic Feedback with Cosmic Shear Using the DES Year-3 Small-Scale Measurements

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Chen, Angela Aricò, G. Huterer, D. Angulo, R. Weaverdyck, N. Friedrich, O. Secco, L.F. Hernández-Monteagudo, C. Alarcon, A. Alves, O. Amon, A. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Baxter, E. Bechtol, K. Becker, M.R. Bernstein, G.M. Blazek, J. Brandao-Souza, A. Bridle, S.L. Camacho, H. Campos, A. Carnero Rosell, A. Carrasco Kind, M. Cawthon, R. Chang, C. Chen, R. Chintalapati, P. Choi, A. Cordero, J. Crocce, M. Pereira, M.E.S. Davis, C. DeRose, J. Di Valentino, E. Diehl, H.T. Dodelson, S. Doux, C. Drlica-Wagner, A. Eckert, K. Eifler, T.F. Elsner, F. Elvin-Poole, J. Everett, S. Fang, X. Ferté, A. Fosalba, P. Gatti, M. Gaztanaga, E. Giannini, G. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R.A. Harrison, I. Hartley, W.G. Herner, K. Hoffmann, K. Huang, H. Huff, E.M. Jain, B. Jarvis, M. Jeffrey, N. Kacprzak, T. Krause, E. Kuropatkin, N. Leget, P.-F. Lemos, P. Liddle, A.R. MacCrann, N. McCullough, J. Muir, J. Myles, J. Navarro-Alsina, A. Omori, Y. Pandey, S. Park, Y. Porredon, A. Prat, J. Raveri, M. Refregier, A. Rollins, R.P. Roodman, A. Rosenfeld, R. Ross, A.J. Rykoff, E.S. Samuroff, S. Sánchez, C. Sanchez, J. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Sheldon, E. Shin, T. Troja, A. Troxel, M.A. Tutusaus, I. Varga, T.N. Wechsler, R.H. Yanny, B. Yin, B. Zhang, Y. Zuntz, J. Aguena, M. Annis, J. Bacon, D. Bertin, E. Bocquet, S. Brooks, D. Burke, D.L. Carretero, J. Conselice, C. Costanzi, M. da Costa, L.N. De Vicente, J. Desai, S. Doel, P. Ferrero, I. Flaugher, B. Frieman, J. García-Bellido, J. Gerdes, D.W. Giannantonio, T. Gschwend, J. Gutierrez, G. Hinton, S.R. Hollowood, D.L. Honscheid, K. James, D.J. Kuehn, K. Lahav, O. March, M. Marshall, J.L. Melchior, P. Menanteau, F. Miquel, R. Mohr, J.J. Morgan, R. Paz-Chinchón, F. Pieres, A. Sanchez, E. Smith, M. Suchyta, E. Tarle, G. Thomas, D. To, C. Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States UTIAS The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Institute for Computational Science University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zurich8057 Switzerland Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 Guipuzkoa Donostia-San Sebastián20018 Spain Departamento de Física Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 Zaragoza50009 Spain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao48013 Spain Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Kavli Institute for Cosmology University of Cambridge Madingley Road CambridgeCB3 0HA United Kingdom Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Astrophysics Research Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias CVía Láctea sn Tenerife La LagunaE-38205 Spain Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Avenida Francisco Sánchez sn Tenerife La LagunaE-38205 Spain Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Lemont IL60439 United States Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA Rua Gal. José Cristino 77 RJ Rio de Janeiro20921-400 Brazil Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology Stanford University P. O. Box 2450 StanfordCA94305 United States Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai’i 2680 Woodlawn Drive HonoluluHI96822 United States Physics Department University of Wisconsin-Madison 2320 Chamberlin Hall 1150 University Avenue MadisonWI53706-1390 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Observatoire de Sauverny Versoix 1290 Switzerland Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas SP 13083-859 Brazil Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Oxford Road Manc

We use the small scales of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year-3 cosmic shear measurements, which are excluded from the DES Year-3 cosmological analysis, to constrain the baryonic feedback. To model the baryonic feedback, we adopt a baryonic correction model and use the numerical package Baccoemu to accelerate the evaluation of the baryonic nonlinear matter power spectrum. We design our analysis pipeline to focus on the constraints of the baryonic suppression effects, utilizing the implication given by a principal component analysis on the Fisher forecasts. Our constraint on the baryonic effects can then be used to better model and ameliorate the effects of baryons in producing cosmological constraints from the next generation large-scale structure surveys. We detect the baryonic suppression on the cosmic shear measurements with a ∼ 2σ significance. The characteristic halo mass for which half of the gas is ejected by baryonic feedback is constrained to be Mc > 1013.2h−1Mo (95% C.L.). The best-fit baryonic suppression is ∼ 5% at k = 1.0Mpc h−1 and ∼ 15% at k = 5.0Mpc h−1. Our findings are robust with respect to the assumptions about the cosmological parameters, specifics of the baryonic model, and intrinsic alignments. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Principal component analysis

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Enhanced Deuteron Coalescence Probability in Jets

引用

Physical Review Letters 2023年第4期131卷 042301-042301页

作者： S. Acharya D. Adamová A. Adler G. Aglieri Rinella M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja A. Akindinov M. Al-Turany D. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda R. Alfaro Molina B. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme G. Alocco T. Alt I. Altsybeev M. N. Anaam C. Andrei A. Andronic V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser C. Arata S. Arcelli M. Aresti R. Arnaldi J. G. M. C. A. Arneiro I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus R. Averbeck M. D. Azmi A. Badalà J. Bae Y. W. Baek X. Bai R. Bailhache Y. Bailung A. Balbino A. Baldisseri B. Balis D. Banerjee Z. Banoo R. Barbera F. Barile L. Barioglio M. Barlou G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby V. Barret L. Barreto C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne D. Battistini B. Batyunya D. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie P. Becht D. Behera I. Belikov A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini R. Bellwied S. Belokurova V. Belyaev G. Bencedi S. Beole A. Bercuci Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin M. A. Bhat B. Bhattacharjee L. Bianchi N. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková J. Biernat A. P. Bigot A. Bilandzic G. Biro S. Biswas N. Bize J. T. Blair D. Blau M. B. Blidaru N. Bluhme C. Blume G. Boca F. Bock T. Bodova A. Bogdanov S. Boi J. Bok L. Boldizsár A. Bolozdynya M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov A. G. Borquez Carcamo H. Bossi E. Botta Y. E. M. Bouziani L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno M. D. Buckland D. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino O. Bugnon P. Buhler Z. Buthelezi S. A. Bysiak M. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho P. Camerini F. D. M. Canedo M. Carabas A. A. Carballo F. Carnesecchi R. Caron L. A. D. Carvalho J. Castillo Castellanos F. Catalano C. Ceballos Sanchez I. Chakaberia P. Chakraborty S. Chandra S. Chapeland M. Chartier S. Chattopadhyay T. G. Chavez T. Cheng C. Cheshkov B. Cheynis V. Chibante Barroso D. D. Chinellato E. S. Chizzali J. Cho S. Cho P. Chochula P. Chri Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Husinec-Řež Czech Republic Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik Frankfurt Germany European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN Bologna Italy University of Houston Houston Texas United States Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Munster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California United States SUBATECH IMT Atlantique Nantes Université CNRS-IN2P3 Nantes France Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie Université Grenoble-Alpes CNRS-IN2P3 Grenoble France Universidade de São Pa

The transverse-momentum (pT) spectra and coalescence parameters B2 of (anti)deuterons are measured in p-p collisions at s=13 TeV for the first time in and out of jets. In this measurement, the direction of the leading particle with the highest pT in the event (pTlead>5 GeV/c) is used as an approximation for the jet axis. The event is consequently divided into three azimuthal regions, and the jet signal is obtained as the difference between the toward region, that contains jet fragmentation products in addition to the underlying event (UE), and the transverse region, which is dominated by the UE. The coalescence parameter in the jet is found to be approximately a factor of 10 larger than that in the underlying event. This experimental observation is consistent with the coalescence picture and can be attributed to the smaller average phase-space distance between nucleons in the jet cone as compared with the underlying event. The results presented in this Letter are compared to predictions from a simple nucleon coalescence model, where the phase-space distributions of nucleons are generated using pythia8 with the Monash 2013 tuning, and to predictions from a deuteron production model based on ordinary nuclear reactions with parametrized energy-dependent cross sections tuned on data. The latter model is implemented in pythia8.3. Both models reproduce the observed large difference between in-jet and out-of-jet coalescence parameters, although the almost flat trend of the B2Jet is not reproduced by the models, which instead give a decreasing trend.

关键词： Hadron-hadron interactions

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