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Genomic basis for RNA alterations in cancer (vol 578, pg 129, 2020)

NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E37-E37页

作者： Calabrese, Claudia Davidson, Natalie R. Demircioglu, Deniz Fonseca, Nuno A. He, Yao Lehmann, Kjong-Van Liu, Fenglin Shiraishi, Yuichi Soulette, Cameron M. Urban, Lara Greger, Liliana Li, Siliang Liu, Dongbing Perry, Marc D. Xiang, Qian Zhang, Fan Zhang, Junjun Bailey, Peter Erkek, Serap Hoadley, Katherine A. Hou, Yong Huska, Matthew R. Kilpinen, Helena Korbel, Jan O. Marin, Maximillian G. Markowski, Julia Nandi, Tannistha Pan-Hammarstrom, Qiang Pedamallu, Chandra Sekhar Siebert, Reiner Stark, Stefan G. Su, Hong Tan, Patrick Waszak, Sebastian M. Yung, Christina Zhu, Shida Awadalla, Philip Creighton, Chad J. Meyerson, Matthew Ouellette, B. F. Francis Wu, Kui Yang, Huanming Brazma, Alvis Brooks, Angela N. Goke, Jonathan Ratsch, Gunnar Schwarz, Roland F. Stegle, Oliver Zhang, Zemin European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute Hinxton UK European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Cambridge UK Genome Biology Unit European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg Germany CIBIO/InBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Berlin Germany German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner site Berlin Berlin Germany European Molecular Biology Laboratory Genome Biology Unit Heidelberg Germany Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Lausanne Switzerland University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland Computational Biology Center Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Department of Biology ETH Zurich Zürich Switzerland Department of Computer Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Korea University Seoul South Korea Computational and Systems Biology Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Controlled Department and Institution New York NY USA Englander Institute for Precision Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore Computational and Systems Biology Genome Institute of Singap

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Demographics of black holes at g scales: accretion flows, jets, and shadows

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Nair, Dhanya G. Nagar, Neil M. Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Wielgus, Maciek Arratia, Vicente Krichbaum, Thomas P. Zhang, Xinyue A. Ricarte, Angelo Silpa, S. Hernández-Yévenes, Joaquín Ford, Nicole M. Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Gurwell, Mark Burridge, Roman Pesce, Dominic W. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Daewon Janssen, Michael von Fellenberg, Sebastiano D. Fromm, Christian M. Lee, Deokhyeong Falcke, Heino Wagner, Jan Bower, Geoffrey C. Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Kim, Dong-Jin Akiyama, Kazunori Asada, Keiichi Arevalo, Patricia Bignall, Hayley Blackburn, Lindy Broderick, Avery E. Brunthaler, Andreas Chan, Chi-Kwan Doi, Akihiro Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Gómez, José L. Haggard, Daryl Hada, Kazuhiro Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo Hoak, Daniel Hughes, David Hlavacek-Larrondo, Julie Jorstad, Svetlana Johnson, Michael D. Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kharb, Preeti Koay, Jun Yi Koyama, Shoko Kuo, Cheng-Yu Leigh, Nathan W.C. Lira, Paulina Lindqvist, Michael Lobanov, Andrei P. Lo, Wen-Ping Lu, Ru-Sen Markoff, Sera MacDonald, Nicholas R. Martínez-Aldama, Mary Loli Matthews, Lynn D. Matsushita, Satoki Mezcua, Mar Moscibrodzka, Monika Müller, Hendrik Nagai, Hiroshi Nakamura, Masanori Natarajan, Priyamvada Narayanan, Gopal Nowak, Michael A. Olivares Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Park, Jongho Psaltis, Dimitrios Pu, Hung-Yi Porth, Oliver Rao, Ramprasad Reynolds, Cormac Reeves, Rodrigo Romero-Cañizales, Cristina Ros, Eduardo Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Schleicher, Dominik Savolainen, Tuomas Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Treister, Ezequiel Wiik, Kaj Zensus, J. Anton Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO University of Turku FI-20014 Finland Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomia s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics McGill University 3600 rue University MontréalQCH3A 2T8 Canada Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-43992 Sweden Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 645 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa 2505 Correa Road HonoluluHI96822 United States Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 Frankfurt am MainD-60438 Germany Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik Universität

Using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), the gravitationally lensed rings around the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in Messier 87 (M87), which has billions of solar masses and a strong jet, and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), which has millions of solar masses and a weak or no jet, have now been successfully imaged at a resolution under 10 gravitational radii (Rg = GM/c2, where M is the SMBH mass). To expand studies beyond M87 and Sgr A*, we have constructed the ‘Event Horizon and Environs (ETHER)’ sample, a comprehensive database currently encompassing approximately 3.15 million SMBH mass estimates, ∼ 20,000 Very-Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) radio flux densities, and ∼ 36,000 hard X-ray flux densities. This database is designed to identify and optimize target selection for the EHT and its upgrades on the ground and in space. Within the ETHER database, we have identified a ‘Gold Sample’ (GS) of nearby low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) that are optimal for studying jet bases, and potentially imaging black hole shadows, with the EHT and its upgrades. We observed 27 of these AGNs using the EHT from 2022 to 2024, providing a unique opportunity to resolve and image accretion flows and jets at resolutions of ≤ 100 Rg. Only a few SMBHs have sufficiently high enough flux density to be imaged at scales of ≤ 50 Rgwith the present EHT. Among these are M87, Sgr A*, NGC 4594 (Sombrero/M104), NGC 4261, and NGC 4374 (Messier 84/M84). Of these, NGC 4261, Sombrero, and M84 have been observed and/or are scheduled for deep imaging with EHT+ALMA from 2023 to 2025. Sombrero, NGC 4261, M84, NGC 4278, and NGC 5232 are clearly detected in our EHT+ALMA observations in 2022, indicating that the 230 GHz flux density from the accretion flows is significantly high. Ongoing imaging of the ETHER GS will enable measurements of black hole mass and spin, help constrain General Relativity (GR), and enrich our understanding of jet launching and accretion inflows across a broad multi-param

关键词： Radiation flux density

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers (vol 578, pg 122, 2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E42-E42页

作者： Gerstung, Moritz Jolly, Clemency Leshchiner, Ignaty Dentro, Stefan C. Gonzalez, Santiago Rosebrock, Daniel Mitchell, Thomas J. Rubanova, Yulia Anur, Pavana Yu, Kaixian Tarabichi, Maxime Deshwar, Amit Wintersinger, Jeff Kleinheinz, Kortine Vazquez-Garcia, Ignacio Haase, Kerstin Jerman, Lara Sengupta, Subhajit Macintyre, Geoff Malikic, Salem Donmez, Nilgun Livitz, Dimitri G. Cmero, Marek Demeulemeester, Jonas Schumacher, Steven Fan, Yu Yao, Xiaotong Lee, Juhee Schlesner, Matthias Boutros, Paul C. Bowtell, David D. Zhu, Hongtu Getz, Gad Imielinski, Marcin Beroukhim, Rameen Sahinalp, S. Cenk Ji, Yuan Peifer, Martin Markowetz, Florian Mustonen, Ville Yuan, Ke Wang, Wenyi Morris, Quaid D. Spellman, Paul T. Wedge, David C. Van Loo, Peter European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Cambridge UK European Molecular Biology Laboratory Genome Biology Unit Heidelberg Germany Wellcome Sanger Institute Cambridge UK Genome Biology Unit European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg Germany University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia The Francis Crick Institute London UK Big Data Institute University of Oxford Oxford UK Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK Big Data Institute Li Ka Shing Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics Centre for Mathematical Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Department of Statistics Columbia University New York NY USA Department of Haematology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA USA Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Vector Institute Toronto Ontario Canada Vector Institute Toronto ON Canada Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto Ontario Canada University of California Los Angeles

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Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: A roadmap

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Barack, Leor Cardoso, Vitor Nissanke, Samaya Sotiriou, Thomas P. Askar, Abbas Belczynski, Krzysztof Bertone, Gianfranco Bon, Edi Blas, Diego Brito, Richard Bulik, Tomasz Burrage, Clare Byrnes, Christian T. Caprini, Chiara Chernyakova, Masha Chruściel, Piotr Colpi, Monica Ferrari, Valeria Gaggero, Daniele Gair, Jonathan García-Bellido, Juan Hassan, S.F. Heisenberg, Lavinia Hendry, Martin Heng, Ik Siong Herdeiro, Carlos Hinderer, Tanja Horesh, Assaf Kavanagh, Bradley J. Kocsis, Bence Kramer, Michael Le Tiec, Alexandre Mingarelli, Chiara Nardini, Germano Nelemans, Gijs Palenzuela, Carlos Pani, Paolo Perego, Albino Porter, Edward K. Rossi, Elena M. Schmidt, Patricia Sesana, Alberto Sperhake, Ulrich Stamerra, Antonio Stein, Leo C. Tamanini, Nicola Tauris, Thomas M. Arturo Urena-López, L. Vincent, Frederic Volonteri, Marta Wardell, Barry Wex, Norbert Yagi, Kent Abdelsalhin, Tiziano Aloy, Miguel Ángel Amaro-Seoane, Pau Annulli, Lorenzo Arca-Sedda, Manuel Bah, Ibrahima Barausse, Enrico Barakovic, Elvis Benkel, Robert Bennett, Charles L. Bernard, Laura Bernuzzi, Sebastiano Berry, Christopher P.L. Berti, Emanuele Bezares, Miguel Blanco-Pillado, Jose Juan Blázquez-Salcedo, Jose Luis Bonetti, Matteo Bošković, Mateja Bosnjak, Zeljka Bricman, Katja Brügmann, Bernd Capelo, Pedro R. Carloni, Sante Cerdá-Durán, Pablo Charmousis, Christos Chaty, Sylvain Clerici, Aurora Coates, Andrew Colleoni, Marta Collodel, Lucas G. Compère, Geoffrey Cook, William Cordero-Carrión, Isabel Correia, Miguel de la Cruz-Dombriz, Álvaro Czinner, Viktor G. Destounis, Kyriakos Dialektopoulos, Kostas Doneva, Daniela Dotti, Massimo Drew, Amelia Eckner, Christopher Edholm, James Emparan, Roberto Erdem, Recai Ferreira, Miguel Ferreira, Pedro G. Finch, Andrew Font, Jose A. Franchini, Nicola Fransen, Kwinten Gal'tsov, Dmitry Ganguly, Apratim Gerosa, Davide Glampedakis, Kostas Gomboc, Andreja Goobar, Ariel Gualtieri, Leonardo Guendelman, Eduardo Haardt, Francesco Harmark, Troels Hejda, Filip Hertog, Thomas Hopper, Seth Husa, Sascha Ihanec, Nada Ikeda, Taishi Ja Mathematical Sciences University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom CENTRA Departamento de Física Instituto Superior Técnico - IST Universidade de Lisboa - UL Avenida Rovisco Pais 1 Lisboa1049 Portugal Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North Waterloo ONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Astrophysics IMAPP Radboud University Nijmegen P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands GRAPPA University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 Amsterdam1098 XH Netherlands Nikhef Science Park Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands School of Mathematical Sciences University of Nottingham University Park NottinghamNG7 2RD United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham University Park NottinghamNG7 2RD United Kingdom Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Bartycka 18 Warsaw00-716 Poland Lund Observatory Department of Astronomy Theoretical Physics Lund University Box 43 LundSE-221 00 Sweden Astronomical Observatory Volgina 7 Belgrade11060 Serbia Isaac Newton Institute of Chile Yugoslavia Branch Serbia Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology Group Physics Department King's College London University of London Strand LondonWC2R 2LS United Kingdom Am Muhlenberg 1 Potsdam-Golm14476 Germany Astronomical Observatory University of Warsaw Aleje Ujazdowskie 4 Warsaw00478 Poland Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Sussex BrightonBN1 9QH United Kingdom APC AstroParticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Diderot CNRS IN2P3 CEA/Irfu Observatoire de Paris Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris Cedex 13F-75205 France School of Physical Sciences and Centre for Astrophysics & Relativity Dublin City University Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin 2 Ireland University of Vienna Boltzmanngasse 5 WienA 1090 Austria Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques 35 route de Chartres Le Bois-Marie Bures-sur-Yvette91440 France Univ

The grand challenges of contemporary fundamental physics-dark matter, dark energy, vacuum energy, inflation and early universe cosmology, singularities and the hierarchy problem-all involve gravity as a key component. And of all gravitational phenomena, black holes stand out in their elegant simplicity, while harbouring some of the most remarkable predictions of General Relativity: event horizons, singularities and ergoregions. The hitherto invisible landscape of the gravitational Universe is being unveiled before our eyes: the historical direct detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration marks the dawn of a new era of scientific exploration. Gravitational-wave astronomy will allow us to test models of black hole formation, growth and evolution, as well as models of gravitational-wave generation and propagation. It will provide evidence for event horizons and ergoregions, test the theory of General Relativity itself, and may reveal the existence of new fundamental fields. The synthesis of these results has the potential to radically reshape our understanding of the cosmos and of the laws of Nature. The purpose of this work is to present a concise, yet comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the relevant fields of research, summarize important open problems, and lay out a roadmap for future progress. This write-up is an initiative taken within the framework of the European Action on "Black holes, Gravitational waves and Fundamental physics". Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Black holes

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Euclid: Searches for strong gravitational lenses using convolutional neural nets in Early Release Observations of the Perseus field

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Pearce-Casey, R. Nagam, B.C. Wilde, J. Busillo, V. Ulivi, L. Andika, I.T. Manjón-García, A. Leuzzi, L. Matavulj, P. Serjeant, S. Walmsley, M. Barroso, J.A. Acevedo O’Riordan, C.M. Clément, B. Tortora, C. Collett, T.E. Courbin, F. Gavazzi, R. Metcalf, R.B. Cabanac, R. Courtois, H.M. Crook-Mansour, J. Delchambre, L. Despali, G. Ecker, L.R. Franco, A. Holloway, P. Jahnke, K. Mahler, G. Marchetti, L. Melo, A. Meneghetti, M. Müller, O. Nucita, A.A. Pearson, J. Rojas, K. Scarlata, C. Schuldt, S. Sluse, D. Suyu, S.H. Vaccari, M. Vegetti, S. Verma, A. Vernardos, G. Bolzonella, M. Kluge, M. Saifollahi, T. Schirmer, M. Stone, C. Paulino-Afonso, A. Bazzanini, L. Hogg, N.B. Koopmans, L.V.E. Kruk, S. Mannucci, F. Bromley, J.M. Díaz-Sánchez, A. Dickinson, H.J. Powell, D.M. Bouy, H. Laureijs, R. Altieri, B. Amara, A. Andreon, S. Baccigalupi, C. Baldi, M. Balestra, A. Bardelli, S. Battaglia, P. Bonino, D. Branchini, E. Brescia, M. Brinchmann, J. Caillat, A. Camera, S. Capobianco, V. Carbone, C. Carretero, J. Casas, S. Castellano, M. Castignani, G. Cavuoti, S. Cimatti, A. Colodro-Conde, C. Congedo, G. Conselice, C.J. Conversi, L. Copin, Y. Cropper, M. Da Silva, A. Degaudenzi, H. De Lucia, G. Di Giorgio, A.M. Dinis, J. Dubath, F. Dupac, X. Dusini, S. Farina, M. Farrens, S. Faustini, F. Ferriol, S. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Galeotta, S. George, K. Gillard, W. Gillis, B. Giocoli, C. Gómez-Alvarez, P. Grazian, A. Grupp, F. Haugan, S.V.H. Holmes, W. Hook, I. Hormuth, F. Hornstrup, A. Hudelot, P. Jhabvala, M. Joachimi, B. Keihänen, E. Kermiche, S. Kiessling, A. Kilbinger, M. Kubik, B. Kümmel, M. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Le Mignant, D. Ligori, S. Lilje, P.B. Lindholm, V. Lloro, I. Maiorano, E. Mansutti, O. Marggraf, O. Markovic, K. Martinelli, M. Martinet, N. Marulli, F. Massey, R. Medinaceli, E. Mei, S. Melchior, M. Mellier, Y. Merlin, E. Meylan, G. Moresco, M. Moscardini, L. Nakajima, R. School of Physical Sciences The Open University Milton KeynesMK7 6AA United Kingdom Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen PO Box 800 Groningen9700 AV Netherlands INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte Via Moiariello 16 Napoli80131 Italy Department of Physics "E. Pancini" University Federico II Via Cinthia 6 Napoli80126 Italy INFN section of Naples Via Cinthia 6 Napoli80126 Italy University of Trento Via Sommarive 14 TrentoI-38123 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Firenze via G. Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze50019 Italy INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Largo E. Fermi 5 Firenze50125 Italy Technical University of Munich TUM School of Natural Sciences Physics Department James-Franck-Str. 1 Garching85748 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1 Garching85748 Germany Departamento Física Aplicada Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Campus Muralla del Mar Murcia Cartagena30202 Spain Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna via Piero Gobetti 93/2 Bologna40129 Italy INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 Bologna40129 Italy University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland School of Engineering Windisch5210 Switzerland Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St George Street TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Oxford Road ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom Observatoire de Sauverny Versoix1290 Switzerland Lausanne1015 Switzerland Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation University of Portsmouth PortsmouthPO1 3FX United Kingdom Martí i Franquès 1 Barcelona08028 Spain Passeig de Lluís Companys 23 Barcelona08010 Spain Aix-Marseille Université CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris UMR 709

The Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) is predicted to find approximately 170 000 galaxy-galaxy strong lenses from its lifetime observation of 14 000 deg2 of the sky. Detecting this many lenses by visual inspection with professional astronomers and citizen scientists alone is infeasible. As a result, machine learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been used as an automated method of detecting strong lenses, and have proven fruitful in finding galaxy-galaxy strong lens candidates, such that the usage of CNNs in lens identification has increased. We identify the major challenge to be the automatic detection of galaxy-galaxy strong lenses while simultaneously maintaining a low false positive rate, thus producing a pure and complete sample of strong lens candidates from Euclid with a limited need for visual inspection. One aim of this research is to have a quantified starting point on the achieved purity and completeness with our current version of CNN-based detection pipelines for the VIS images of EWS. This work is vital in preparing our CNN-based detection pipelines to be able to produce a pure sample of the > 100 000 strong gravitational lensing systems widely predicted for Euclid. We select all sources with VIS IE 5 lensing systems in Euclid, this implies 106 objects for human classification, which while very large is not in principle intractable and not without precedent. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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GWAS meta-analysis of over 29,000 people with epilepsy identifies 26 risk loci and subtype-specific genetic architecture

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Nature genetics 2023年第9期55卷 1471-1482页

作者： Remi Stevelink Dorothee Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite Bobby P. C. Koeleman Dick Lindhout Anja C. M. Sonsma Ciarán Campbell Gianpiero L. Cavalleri Norman Delanty Hany El-Naggar Austin Lacey Peter Widdess-Walsh Colin P. Doherty Siwei Chen Claire Churchhouse Mark J. Daly Yen-Chen A. Feng Daniel P. Howrigan Mitja I. Kurki Benjamin M. Neale Aarno Palotie Wei Zhou Namrata Gupta Henrike O. Heyne Bassel Abou-Khalil Kevin F. Haas R. S. Taneja Oluyomi M. Adesoji Michael Nothnagel Peter Nürnberg Thomas Sander Zaid Afawi Ilan Blatt Amos D. Korczyn Elisabetta Amadori Ganna Balagura Antonella Riva Marcello Scala Paolo Scudieri Pasquale Striano Federico Zara Michele Iacomino Francesca Madia Alison Anderson Patrick Kwan Terence J. O’Brien Slavé Petrovski K. Meng Tan Marian Todaro Joseph Anderson Danielle M. Andrade Quratulain Zulfiqar Ali Grazia Annesi Pauls Auce Andreja Avbersek Simona Balestrini Vera Braatz Claudia B. Catarino Krishna Chinthapalli Jennifer Jamnadas-Khoda Dalia Kasperavičiūte Costin Leu Josemir W. Sander Sanjay M. Sisodiya Sara Zagaglia Melanie Bahlo Karen L. Oliver Mark D. Baker Beata Fonferko-Shadrach William O. Pickrell Carmen Barba Claudia Bianchini Viola Doccini Renzo Guerrini Davide Mei Martino Montomoli Elena Parrini Annalisa Vetro Karen Barboza Fabrice Bartolomei Thomas Bast Bernhard J. Steinhoff Larry Baum Stacey S. Cherny Pak Sham Tobias Baumgartner Christian E. Elger Kerstin Hallmann Wolfram S. Kunz Rainer Surges Randi von Wrede Gábor Zsurka Betül Baykan Nerses Bebek Yeşim Kesim Albert J. Becker Susanne Schoch Felicitas Becker Caitlin A. Bennett Samuel F. Berkovic Stephanie L. Leech Brigid M. Regan Ingrid E. Scheffer Bianca Berghuis Ahmad Beydoun Wassim Nasreddine Francesca Bisulli Lidia Di Vito Lorenzo Ferri Tania Giangregorio Laura Licchetta Raffaella Minardi Barbara Mostacci Carlotta Stipa Paolo Tinuper Lorenzo Muccioli Federica Pondrelli Dheeraj R. Bobbili Emadeldin Hassanin Roland Krause Zied Landoulsi Patrick May Ingo Borggraefe Christian Bosselmann Christian Hengsbach Josua Kegele Stephen Lauxmann Department of Genetics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) Heemstede The Netherlands School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland The FutureNeuro Research Centre Dublin Ireland Department of Neurology Beaumont Hospital Dublin Ireland Department of Neurology St. James’s Hospital Dublin Ireland Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of Harvard and M.I.T Cambridge MA USA Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Division of Biostatistics Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Hasso Plattner Institute Digital Health Center University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany Hasso Plattner Institute Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York City NY USA Department of Neurology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany Department of Neurology Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow-Clinic Berlin Germany Tel-Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine Ramat Aviv Israel Department of Neurology Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan Israel Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation Ophthalmology Genetics Maternal and Child Health University of Genova Genova Italy IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genova Italy Department of Medicine University of Melbour

Epilepsy is a highly heritable disorder affecting over 50 million people worldwide, of which about one-third are resistant to current treatments. Here we report a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study including 29,944 cases, stratified into three broad categories and seven subtypes of epilepsy, and 52,538 controls. We identify 26 genome-wide significant loci, 19 of which are specific to genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). We implicate 29 likely causal genes underlying these 26 loci. SNP-based heritability analyses show that common variants explain between 39.6% and 90% of genetic risk for GGE and its subtypes. Subtype analysis revealed markedly different genetic architectures between focal and generalized epilepsies. Gene-set analyses of GGE signals implicate synaptic processes in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the brain. Prioritized candidate genes overlap with monogenic epilepsy genes and with targets of current antiseizure medications. Finally, we leverage our results to identify alternate drugs with predicted efficacy if repurposed for epilepsy treatment.

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Constraints on black-hole charges with the 2017 EHT observations of M87*

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Physical Review D 2021年第10期103卷 104047-104047页

作者： Prashant Kocherlakota Luciano Rezzolla Heino Falcke Christian M. Fromm Michael Kramer Yosuke Mizuno Antonios Nathanail Héctor Olivares Ziri Younsi Kazunori Akiyama Antxon Alberdi Walter Alef Juan Carlos Algaba Richard Anantua Keiichi Asada Rebecca Azulay Anne-Kathrin Baczko David Ball Mislav Baloković John Barrett Bradford A. Benson Dan Bintley Lindy Blackburn Raymond Blundell Wilfred Boland Katherine L. Bouman Geoffrey C. Bower Hope Boyce Michael Bremer Christiaan D. Brinkerink Roger Brissenden Silke Britzen Avery E. Broderick Dominique Broguiere Thomas Bronzwaer Do-Young Byun John E. Carlstrom Andrew Chael Chi-kwan Chan Shami Chatterjee Koushik Chatterjee Ming-Tang Chen Yongjun Chen (陈永军) Paul M. Chesler Ilje Cho Pierre Christian John E. Conway James M. Cordes Thomas M. Crawford Geoffrey B. Crew Alejandro Cruz-Osorio Yuzhu Cui Jordy Davelaar Mariafelicia De Laurentis Roger Deane Jessica Dempsey Gregory Desvignes Sheperd S. Doeleman Ralph P. Eatough Joseph Farah Vincent L. Fish Ed Fomalont Raquel Fraga-Encinas Per Friberg H. Alyson Ford Antonio Fuentes Peter Galison Charles F. Gammie Roberto García Olivier Gentaz Boris Georgiev Ciriaco Goddi Roman Gold José L. Gómez Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz Minfeng Gu (顾敏峰) Mark Gurwell Kazuhiro Hada Daryl Haggard Michael H. Hecht Ronald Hesper Luis C. Ho (何子山) Paul Ho Mareki Honma Chih-Wei L. Huang Lei Huang (黄磊) David H. Hughes Shiro Ikeda Makoto Inoue Sara Issaoun David J. James Buell T. Jannuzi Michael Janssen Britton Jeter Wu Jiang (江悟) Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales Michael D. Johnson Svetlana Jorstad Taehyun Jung Mansour Karami Ramesh Karuppusamy Tomohisa Kawashima Garrett K. Keating Mark Kettenis Dong-Jin Kim Jae-Young Kim Jongsoo Kim Junhan Kim Motoki Kino Jun Yi Koay Yutaro Kofuji Patrick M. Koch Shoko Koyama Carsten Kramer Thomas P. Krichbaum Cheng-Yu Kuo Tod R. Lauer Sang-Sung Lee Aviad Levis Yan-Rong Li (李彦荣) Zhiyuan Li (李志远) Michael Lindqvist Rocco Lico Greg Lindahl Jun Liu (刘俊) Kuo Liu Elisabetta Liuzzo Wen-Ping Lo Andrei P. Lobanov Laurent Loinard Colin Lonsdale Ru-Sen Lu Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1 60438 Frankfurt Germany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Ruth-Moufang-Strasse 1 60438 Frankfurt Germany School of Mathematics Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland Department of Astrophysics Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP) Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen Netherlands Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University 20 Garden Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 D-53121 Bonn Germany Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany Department of Physics National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis GR 15783 Zografos Greece Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Holmbury St. Mary Dorking Surrey RH5 6NT United Kingdom Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road Westford Massachusetts 01886 USA National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n E-18008 Granada Spain Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 Fifth Avenue New York New York 10010 USA Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei 10617 Taiwan R.O.C. Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 E-46100 Burjassot València Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 E-46980 Paterna

Our understanding of strong gravity near supermassive compact objects has recently improved thanks to the measurements made by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We use here the M87* shadow size to infer constraints on the physical charges of a large variety of nonrotating or rotating black holes. For example, we show that the quality of the measurements is already sufficient to rule out that M87* is a highly charged dilaton black hole. Similarly, when considering black holes with two physical and independent charges, we are able to exclude considerable regions of the space of parameters for the doubly-charged dilaton and the Sen black holes.

关键词： Alternative gravity theories Experimental studies of gravity General relativity Radio, microwave, & sub-mm astronomy Accretion disk & black-hole plasma Classical black holes Galaxies Electromagnetic radiation astronomy

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Author Correction: Comprehensive molecular characterization of mitochondrial genomes in human cancers

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Nature genetics 2023年第6期55卷 1078页

作者： Yuan Yuan Young Seok Ju Youngwook Kim Jun Li Yumeng Wang Christopher J Yoon Yang Yang Inigo Martincorena Chad J Creighton John N Weinstein Yanxun Xu Leng Han Hyung-Lae Kim Hidewaki Nakagawa Keunchil Park Peter J Campbell Han Liang Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA. Cancer Genome Project Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea. Department of Health Science and Technology Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea. Samsung Genome Institute Samsung Medical Center Seoul Korea. Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Graduate Program Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA. Division of Biostatistics The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health Houston TX USA. Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA. Department of Systems Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA. Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School Houston TX USA. Department of Biochemistry Ewha Womans University School of Medicine Seoul Korea. Laboratory for Cancer Genomics RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan. Division of Hematology/Oncology Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea. kpark@skku.edu. Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul South Korea. kpark@skku.edu. Cancer Genome Project Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. pc8@sanger.ac.uk. Department of Haematology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. pc8@sanger.ac.uk. Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA. hliang1@mdanderson.org. Quantitative and Comp

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Common Limitations of Image Processing Metrics: A Picture Story

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Reinke, Annika Tizabi, Minu D. Sudre, Carole H. Eisenmann, Matthias Rädsch, Tim Baumgartner, Michael Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Bankhead, Peter Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew Buettner, Florian Cardoso, M. Jorge Chen, Jianxu Cheplygina, Veronika Christodoulou, Evangelia Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Engelhardt, Sandy Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian van Ginneken, Bram Glocker, Ben Godau, Patrick Haase, Robert Hamprecht, Fred Hashimoto, Daniel A. Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Hirsch, Peter Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Isensee, Fabian Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kavur, A. Emre Kenngott, Hannes Kleesiek, Jens Kleppe, Andreas Koehler, Sven Kofler, Florian Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kooi, Thijs Kozubek, Michal Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moher, David Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Noyan, M. Alican Petersen, Jens Polat, Gorkem Rafelski, Susanne M. Rajpoot, Nasir Reyes, Mauricio Rieke, Nicola Riegler, Michael A. Rivaz, Hassan Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Schroeter, Julien Saha, Anindo Selver, M. Alper Sharan, Lalith Shetty, Shravya Smeden, Maarten V.A.N. Stieltjes, Bram Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. Calster, Ben V.A.N. Varoquaux, Gaël Wiesenfarth, Manuel Yaniv, Ziv R. Jäger, Paul Maier-Hein, Lena Division of Intelligent Medical Systems and HI Helmholtz Imaging Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Division of Medical Image Computing Heidelberg Germany Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montréal Canada Division of Computational Pathology Dept of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IU Health Information and Translational Sciences Building Indianapolis United States University of Pennsylvania Richards Medical Research Laboratories FL7 PhiladelphiaPA United States Institute of Genetics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Department of Digital Medical Technologies Holon Institute of Technology Holon Israel European Federation for Medical Informatics Le Mont-sur-Lausanne Switzerland Center for Processing Speech and Images Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 - box 2441 Leuven3001 Belgium Frankfurt/Mainz DKFZ UCT Frankfurt-Marburg Germany Heidelberg Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Medicine Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Informatics Germany Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Dortmund Germany Department of Computer Science IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Imaging Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Centre for St

While the importance of automatic image analysis is continuously increasing, recent meta-research revealed major flaws with respect to algorithm validation. Performance metrics are particularly key for meaningful, objective, and transparent performance assessment and validation of the used automatic algorithms, but relatively little attention has been given to the practical pitfalls when using specific metrics for a given image analysis task. These are typically related to (1) the disregard of inherent metric properties, such as the behaviour in the presence of class imbalance or small target structures, (2) the disregard of inherent data set properties, such as the non-independence of the test cases, and (3) the disregard of the actual biomedical domain interest that the metrics should reflect. This living dynamically document has the purpose to illustrate important limitations of performance metrics commonly applied in the field of image analysis. In this context, it focuses on biomedical image analysis problems that can be phrased as image-level classification, semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, or object detection task. The current version is based on a Delphi process on metrics conducted by an international consortium of image analysis experts from more than 60 institutions worldwide. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Medical imaging

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