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IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

作者： G. Rong X. Wei C. Kang M. Liscidini J. E. Sipe R. L. Mernaugh S. M. Weiss Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ONT Canada Department of Biochemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

Nanoscale porous silicon waveguides, both on silicon substrates and free-standing membranes, are explored for biosensing applications. Measured detection limits in the nanomolar range are reported for DNA sensing.

关键词： Silicon Biosensors Optical waveguides Gratings Biomembranes Resonance DNA Biological materials Optical materials Optical surface waves

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DLM: A distributed Large Memory System using remote memory swapping over cluster nodes

DLM: A distributed Large Memory System using remote memory s...

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IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing

作者： Hiroko Midorikawa Motoyoshi Kurokawa Ryutaro Himeno Mitsuhisa Sato Department of Computer and Information Science Seikei University Musashino Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Advanced Center of Computing and Communication Wako Saitama Japan Research Program for Computational Science RIKEN Wako Saitama Japan

Emerging 64 bitOSpsilas supply a huge amount of memory address space that is essential for new applications using very large data. It is expected that the memory in connected nodes can be used to store swapped pages efficiently, especially in a dedicated cluster which has a high-speed network such as 10 GbE and Infiniband. In this paper, we propose the distributed large memory system (DLM), which provides very large virtual memory by using remote memory distributed over the nodes in a cluster. The performance of DLM programs using remote memory is compared to ordinary programs using local memory. The results of STREAM, NPB and Himeno benchmarks show that the DLM achieves better performance than other remote paging schemes using a block swap device to access remote memory. In addition to performance, DLM offers the advantages of easy availability and high portability, because it is a user-level software without the need for special hardware. To obtain high performance, the DLM can tune its parameters independently from kernel swap parameters. We also found that DLMpsilas independence of kernel swapping provides more stable behavior.

关键词： Kernel Arrays Memory management Servers Bandwidth Performance evaluation Benchmark testing

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Preface: Marine and coastal applications in landscape ecology

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Landscape Ecology 2008年第SUPPL. 1期23卷 1-5页

作者： Hinchey, Elizabeth K. Nicholson, Matthew C. Zajac, Roman N. Irlandi, Elizabeth A. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Atlantic Ecology Division Narragansett RI 02882 27 Tarzwell Dr United States Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Program Purdue University Chicago IL 60604 77 West Jackson Blvd. (G-17J) United States U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Information and Analysis Branch Environmental Assessment and Innovation Division Philadelphia PA 19103-2029 1650 Arch Street United States Graduate Program in Environmental Science Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of New Haven West Haven CT 06516 300 Boston Post Road United States Department of Marine and Environmental Systems Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne FL 32901 150 West University Boulevard United States

Landscape ecology traditionally has been limited to the study of terrestrial systems;however, the questions and methods defining the science are equally relevant for marine and coastal systems. The reciprocal relationship between spatial pattern and ecological processes and the overarching effect of scale on this relationship was being explored in some marine and coastal settings as the general discipline of landscape ecology was evolving throughout the latter two decades of the last century. As with all components of the biosphere, an understanding of these relationships is critical for successful management of marine and coastal systems. In these systems, widely dispersed field or ship-based observations and lack of broad scale data have historically precluded quantification of large-scale patterns and processes and hindered management efforts. However, relatively recent advances in geographic information systems, remote sensing and computer technologies have begun to address these issues and are now permitting assessments of pattern and process in oceans. The intent of this special issue is to highlight research that is adapting the tools of landscape ecology to answer ecological questions within marine and coastal systems, to address the unique challenges faced in these landscapes, and to stimulate an exchange of ideas and solutions to common problems. Inspiration for this special issue of Landscape Ecology began with a special session on "Marine and Coastal Applications in Landscape Ecology" that was held at the 19th Annual Symposium of the United States Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, March 31-April 2, 2004 in Las Vegas, Nevada. © 2007 Springer science+Business Media B.V.

关键词： Benthic landscapes Habitat fragmentation Landscape ecology Larval dispersal Marine coral reef reserves Polychaete species diversity Reef fish communities Seagrass landscape pattern Sediment metal concentrations

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Primates in Peril: The World's 25 most endangered primates 20082010

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Primate Conservation 2009年第1期24卷 1-57页

作者： Mittermeier, Russell A. Wallis, Janette Rylands, Anthony B. Ganzhorn, Jörg U. Oates, John F. Williamson, Elizabeth A. Palacios, Erwin Heymann, Eckhard W. Kierulff, M. Cecília M. Yongcheng, Long Supriatna, Jatna Roos, Christian Walker, Sally Cortés-Ortiz, Liliana Schwitzer, Christoph Bearder, Simon K. Bergl, Richard Bracebridge, Claire E. Brockelman, Warren Y. Butynski, Thomas M. Cornejo, Fanny M. Das, Jayantha Davenport, Tim R. B. De Luca, Daniela W. DeLuycker, Anneke M. Dolch, Rainer Hai, Dong Thanh Dunn, Andrew Peng-Fei, Fan Geissman, Thomas Guillen, Rosamira Long, Ha Thang Honess, Paul E. Islam, Awar Johnson, Steig Jones, Trevor Lamilla, Iader Larney, Eileen Quyet, Le Khac Sanchez, Karmele Llano Yoncheng, Long Louis Jr., Edward E. MacHaga, Sophy J. Martin, Sara K. Mbora, David McGraw, W. Scott Moisson, Pierre Molur, Sanjay Morales-Jiménez, Alba Lucia Morgan, Bethan Mpunga, Noah E. Nadler, Tilo Nekaris, K. Anna I. Nicholas, Aaron Nijman, Vincent Nkembi, Louis Pacheco, Victor Paciulli, Lisa M. Patel, Erik R. Perkin, Andrew Thuc, Phan Duy Quintana, Heidi Rabarivola, Clment J. Rafaliarison, Radoniana R. Raffel, Martina Ralainasolo, Fidimalala Randriatahina, Guy H. Ratsimbazafy, Jonah Ravoarimanana, Iary B. Rudran, Rasanayagam Rumpler, Yves Salim, Agus Savage, Anne Schrudde, Daniela Schwitzer, Nora Shekelle, Myron Singleton, Ian Soto, Luis Stevens, Nancy Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline Thorn, James S. Urbani, Bernardo Volampeno, Sylviane N. M. Wanasinghe, Ananda Warren, Ymke Weerakoon, Kanchana Werre, J. Lodewijk Wich, Serge A. Winarti, Indah Wright, Patricia C. Andriamaharoa, Hubert Zaramody, Alphonse Carretero-Pinzon, Xyomara Ruiz-Garcia, Manuel Defler, Thomas R. Missouri Botanical Garden Research and Conservation Madagascar Program Antananarivo 101 B.P. 3391 Madagascar Department of Anthropology School of Social Science and Law Oxford Brookes University Oxford 0X3 OBP United Kingdom North Carolina Zoological Park Asheboro NC 27205 4401 Zoo Parkway United States Wildlife Conservation Society Mbeya PO Box 1475 Tanzania Applied Ecology Group Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester Ml 5GD Chester Street United Kingdom Center for Conservation Biology Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development Mahidol University Salaya Nakhon Pathom 73170 Phuttthamon-thon 4 Road Thailand Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program Drexel University 10400 Nanyuki PO Box 149 Kenya Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima 11 Av. Arenales 1256 Peru Museum of Zoology Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1079 138 Museums Annex 1109 Geddes Avenue United States Wildlife Areas Development and Welfare Trust Guwahati Assam 781 001 M.G. Road India Department of Anthropology Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 United States Prolemur Research Project Association Mitsinjo Andasibe Madagascar Department of Wildlife Management Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental Management Vietnam Forestry Uiversity Xuan Mai Chuong My Hanoi Viet Nam Wildlife Conservation Society Calabar Cross River State GPO Box 796 Nigeria Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Jingdong Nature Reserve Management Bureau Jingdong China Institute of Zoology Ecology and Conservation 20146 Hamburg Martin Luther King Platz 3 Germany Anthropological Institute University Zurich-Irchel CH-8057 Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 Switzerland Fundacion Proyecto Titi Barranquilla Carrera 56 # 68-85 Colombia Wildlife Research

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Linking information for mobile use 07

Linking information for mobile use

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4th International Conference on Mobile Technology, Applications and Systems, Mobility 2007, Incorporating the 1st International Symposium on computer Human Interaction in Mobile Technology, IS-CHI 2007

作者： Myers, Robert Zapata, Edwar Singh, Gurminder Department of Computer Science Naval Post Graduate School 1 University Circle Monterey CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938190

Information Management (IM) has been an area of research and discussion for several decades. Studies have been conducted by both behavioral and computer scientists on how people organize their information and workspaces in order to come up with an efficient way to store, organize and retrieve information on personal computers. This paper explores improving a user's ability to manage information on mobile devices. The goal is to make placing information on such devices a more attractive prospect, with an emphasis on retrieval of stored information regardless of the document type. This will result in mobile users having quick access to the right information at the right time while away from the office or home. This paper describes the challenges inherent in a mobile scenario and proposes a system to address those challenges. The system provides visual and navigational features that are not currently available on mobile applications, specifically the ability to view multiple types of items in a single interface. Additionally, the ability to logically link related items as an IM tool is examined. Copyright 2007 ACM.

关键词： User interfaces

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A fuzzy variant of an Evolutionary Algorithm for Clustering

A fuzzy variant of an Evolutionary Algorithm for Clustering

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IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems

作者： Alves, Vinicius S. Campello, Ricardo J. G. B. Hruschka, Eduardo R. Catholic University of Santos (UniSantos) Brazil Computer Science Department University of São Paulo (ICMC/USP) São Carlos Brazil Graduate Program in Computer Science Catholic University of Santos (UniSantos) Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781424412099

A fuzzy version of an Evolutionary Algorithm for Clustering (EAC) proposed in, previous work is introduced. This algorithm uses a fuzzy cluster validity criterion and a fuzzy local search algorithm instead of their hard counterparts employed by EAC. It is shown by means of theoretical complexity analyses that this algorithm can be more efficient than systematic (i.e. repetitive) approaches when the number of clusters is unknown. An illustrative example with computational experiments and statistical analyses is also presented.

关键词： evolutionary algorithm Fuzzy Cluster Analysis SEARCHING ALGORITHM validity criterion algorithms

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Improvements in the model for interoperability of intrusion detection responses compatible with the IDWG model

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International Journal of Network Management 2007年第4期17卷 287-294页

作者： Da Silva, Paulo Fernando Westphall, Carlos Becker Network and Management Laboratory Post-Graduate Program in Computer Science Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil

This paper presents a model for response interoperability between intruder detection systems (IDSs), compatible with the model for alert interoperability developed by the Intrusion Detection Working Group (IDWG). Alterations in IDS IDWG architecture are proposed in order to provide for response interoperability support. The development and testing of the proposed model and its components are also presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Intrusion detection

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Rich learning experiences for minority undergraduate students through inquiry-based project activities in the field and laboratory settings

Rich learning experiences for minority undergraduate student...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Nagchaudhuri, Abhijit Mitra, Madhumi Stoakley, Rose Turner, Tiara Cherinet, Suraf Ladd, Gabriel Chalyam, Harsha Hartman, Christopher Burrows-Mcelwain, James B. University of Maryland-Eastern Shore United States Department of Engineering and Aviation Sciences University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States ASME SME ASEE Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Biology Education Program UMES France Mathematics Program University of Maryland Eastern Shore Department of Mathemtics and Computer Sciences United States Aviation Science Program University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Graduate Program UMES United States Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Aviation Science Program Department of Engineering and Aviation Science University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Aviation Program Department of Engineering and Aviation Sciences Aviation Program

With support from HBCU-UP (Historically Black College and University Undergraduate program) at National science Foundation (NSF), the ACTION (Advanced Curriculum and Technology-Based Instructional Opportunities Network) program at University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES) is promoting inquiry based active learning and research projects among undergraduate STEM (science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) majors. Field based experiential learning efforts titled (i) AIRSPACES: Aerial Imaging and Remote Sensing for Precision Agriculture and Environmental Stewardship and (ii) ECPA: Environmentally Conscious Precision Agriculture, provided a perfect setting for STEM undergraduates to interact with UMES farm personnel, graduate students, NASA and USDA researchers collaborating with the faculty members in the project. In the summer of 2006 ACTION program supported three undergraduate students to work with the principal author to work on a chosen aspect of the ongoing effort. For this ACTION project students decided to focus on aspects of yield monitoring and remote sensing for the precision agriculture project at UMES. This paper will highlight the student efforts related to the ACTION project for 2006 summer and discuss how the out of classroom, field, and laboratory based activities enhanced learning. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： Learning systems

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An information theoretic framework for eukaryotic gradient sensing 19

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20th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NIPS 2006

作者： Kimmel, Joseph M. Salter, Richard M. Thomas, Peter J. Computer Science Program Oberlin College Oberlin OH 44074 United States Department of Mathematics Biology and Cognitive Science Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 United States Computational Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Chicago United States Center for Computation and Modeling United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780262195683

Chemical reaction networks by which individual cells gather and process information about their chemical environments have been dubbed "signal transduction" networks. Despite this suggestive terminology, there have been few attempts to analyze chemical signaling systems with the quantitative tools of information theory. Gradient sensing in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a well characterized signal transduction system in which a cell estimates the direction of a source of diffusing chemoattractant molecules based on the spatiotemporal sequence of ligand-receptor binding events at the cell membrane. Using Monte Carlo techniques (MCell) we construct a simulation in which a collection of individual ligand particles undergoing Brownian diffusion in a three-dimensional volume interact with receptors on the surface of a static amoeboid cell. Adapting a method for estimation of spike train entropies described by Victor (originally due to Kozachenko and Leonenko), we estimate lower bounds on the mutual information between the transmitted signal (direction of ligand source) and the received signal (spatiotemporal pattern of receptor binding/unbinding events). Hence we provide a quantitative framework for addressing the question: how much could the cell know, and when could it know it? We show that the time course of the mutual information between the cell's surface receptors and the (unknown) gradient direction is consistent with experimentally measured cellular response times. We find that the acquisition of directional information depends strongly on the time constant at which the intracellular response is filtered.

关键词： Ligands

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Design and Evaluation of a Grid Computing Based Architecture for Integrating Heterogeneous IDSs

Design and Evaluation of a Grid Computing Based Architecture...

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IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference

作者： Paulo F. Silva Carlos B. Westphall Carla M. Westphall Marcos Dias de Assuncao Network and Management Laboratory Post-Graduate Program in Computer Science Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianopolis Brazil Grid Computing and Distributed Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Melbourne VIC Australia

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have been substantially improved in recent past. However, network attacks have become more sophisticated and increasingly complex: many of current attacks are coordinated and originated in multiple networks. To detect these attacks, IDSs need to obtain information on network events from multiple networks or administrative domains. This work demonstrates that a Distributed IDS (DIDS) can be composed of existing IDSs, improving the detection of misuses in a multiple network environment. We use a grid middleware for creating a service-based intrusion detection grid. We demonstrate through experimental results that the proposed DIDS allows the integration of heterogeneous existing IDSs and improves the detection of attacks by exploring the synergy between existing IDSs.

关键词： Grid computing computer architecture Intrusion detection Resource management Laboratories computer science Electronic mail Middleware computer network management Engineering management

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