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Dimensionality reduction in 3D causal deep learning for neuroimage generation: an evaluation study

Journal of Medical Imaging 2025年第2期12卷

作者： Ohara, Erik Y. Vigneshwaran, Vibujithan Souza, Raissa Vamosi, Finn G. Wilms, Matthias Forkert, Nils D. University of Calgary Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program CalgaryAB Canada University of Calgary Department of Radiology CalgaryAB Canada University of Calgary Hotchkiss Brain Institute CalgaryAB Canada University of Calgary Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute CalgaryAB Canada University of Calgary Department of Computer Science CalgaryAB Canada University of Calgary Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences CalgaryAB Canada

Purpose: Causal deep learning (DL) using normalizing flows allows the generation of true counterfactual images, which is relevant for many medical applications such as explainability of decisions, image harmonization, and in-silico studies. However, such models are computationally expensive when applied directly to high-resolution 3D images and, therefore, require image dimensionality reduction (DR) to efficiently process the data. The goal of this work was to compare how different DR methods affect counterfactual neuroimage generation. Approach: Five DR techniques [2D principal component analysis (PCA), 2.5D PCA, 3D PCA, autoencoder, and Vector Quantised-Variational AutoEncoder] were applied to 23,692 3D brain images to create low-dimensional representations for causal DL model training. Convolutional neural networks were used to quantitatively evaluate age and sex changes on the counterfactual neuroimages. Age alterations were measured using the mean absolute error (MAE), whereas sex changes were assessed via classification accuracy. Results: The 2.5D PCA technique achieved the lowest MAE of 4.16 when changing the age variable of an original image. When sex was changed, the autoencoder embedding led to the highest classification accuracy of 97.84% while also significantly impacting the age variable predictions, increasing the MAE to 5.24 years. Overall, 3D PCA provided the best balance, with an age prediction MAE of 4.57 years while maintaining 94.01% sex classification accuracy when altering the age variable and 94.73% sex classification accuracy and the lowest age prediction MAE (3.84 years) when altering the sex variable. Conclusions: 3D PCA appears to be the best-suited DR method for causal neuroimage analysis. © 2025 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

关键词： Principal component analysis

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Mapping the Scientific Landscape of Integrated Scheduling Towards Industry 5.0 with A Bibliometric Analysis

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Procedia computer science 2025年 253卷 84-93页

作者： Anak Agung Ayu Putri Ardyanti Zhiqiang Xie Andrea Stevens Karnyoto Bens Pardamean Ni Made Estiyanti School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin 150000 China Faculty of Information Technology and Design Primakara University Bali 80226 Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Doctoral School of Management and Business University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

The industry is rapidly transitioning from the 4.0 era to the 5.0 era, prompting renewed interest among scholars in scheduling problems. They allow operations to process and assemble various components simultaneously. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the diverse research perspectives on the potential challenges of integrated scheduling within the framework. We identified 357 Scopus articles and analysed co-occurrence keyword (CNK) by VOSViewer tools and Global Citation Score (GCS) by Scopus tools. The research data obtained from 1993 to 2023 mainly in the subject areas of Engineering, computer science, Maths, and others. CNK identified six cluster keywords, and nine most cited articles based on normalised GCS. These results contribute to our understanding of the development of scheduling algorithms, shifting from an emphasis on manufacturing transfers to contemporary demand-centric research directions. Furthermore, this research provides a valuable perspective for policymakers, plant personnel, and manufacturing managers to make informed decisions.

关键词： integrated scheduling assembly job shop scheduling heuristic algorithm genetic algorithm bibliometric analysis

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AI in EEG-Based BCI for the Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Mini Review

AI in EEG-Based BCI for the Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impa...

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International Winter Workshop on Brain-computer Interface (BCI)

作者： Vasilii Zaitsev Chun-Shu Wei EECS International Graduate Program National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798331521929

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521936

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a condition that often precedes dementia, making early diagnosis critical for delaying cognitive decline. Electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a non-invasive, cost-effective tool for monitoring brain activity and detecting MCI. This paper overviews recent advancements in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models for EEG-based MCI diagnosis. Traditional ML approaches, such as support vector machines (SVM) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN), have been widely used but rely on manually extracted features and face challenges with the complex nature of EEG signals. In contrast, DL models like convolutional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, and transformers have shown promise in automatically learning features and capturing temporal and spatial information from EEG data. Despite these advancements, issues such as small dataset sizes and variability in EEG recordings remain barriers to clinical application. This paper discusses these challenges and highlights potential future directions for improving the diagnosis of MCI.

关键词： Deep learning Support vector machines Reviews Nearest neighbor methods Brain modeling Feature extraction Transformers Electroencephalography Recording Dementia

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Proposing a ML Technology for Identification of Cardiovascular Disease by a Novel Interface for People of Bharat the Nation Having Glorious Medical History 6th

Proposing a ML Technology for Identification of Cardiovascul...

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6th International Conference on Advanced Informatics for Computing Research, ICAICR 2023

作者： Singh, Vaibhav Kant Nagwanshi, Kapil Kumar Jaiswal, Prashant Mahto, Annu Lal Singh, Devendra Kumar Behar, Nishant Mishra, Sudha Yadav, Nageshwar Dev Pandey, Varun Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya A Central University Bilaspur Chhattisgarh India Department of Computer Science and Engineering J.K. Institute of Engineering Bilaspur India Celigo India Research Lab Hyderabad India Government Nagarjuna Post Graduate Science College Chhattisgarh India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031840616

The paper source is country named India. In India in the current time the Country as well as the people has made a good look back as to what happened in India in the past. According to the sources available in the form of ancient script, India is the source of many Medical reforms. A conversation of Indian Education in the British parliament speaks of many technologies which were part of India in the 1800s were discovered in the latest past by the most powerful countries of the world. Now, because of the changed framework of the people in India we are facing many medical issues. In India which was a global leader in Medical science, now is facing a problem called cardiovascular disease, which is a problem related to heart. In India a number of people had lost their life because of heart disease. The problem with passing day is becoming a critical problem. In the current paper we addressed the problem with the current technology buzz called Machine Learning. We took experimental dataset and performed experiment that is computer based and got results that found to be advantageous for facing the problem that is addressed in the current paper. The results presented in the paper enable us to make a proposal of Machine Learning as the disease predictor mechanism in Bharat, the country that which is the analysis domain in the current paper. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： AI CVDs Kaggle ML SVM

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Chiral exceptional point enhanced active tuning and non reciprocity in micro-resonators

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光：科学与应用（英文版） 2025年第2期14卷 401-410页

作者： Hwaseob Lee Lorry Chang Ali Kecebas Dun Mao Yahui Xiao Tiantian Li Andrea Alù Sahin K.Özdemir Tingyi Gu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDelaware 19716USA Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10031USA Physics Program Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Saint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO 63103USA

Exceptional points(EPs)have been extensively explored in mechanical,acoustic,plasmonic,and photonic ***,little is known about the role of EPs in tailoring the dynamic tunability of optical devices.A specific type of EPs known as chiral EPs has recently attracted much attention for controlling the flow of light and for building sensors with better responsivity.A recently demonstrated route to chiral EPs via lithographically defined symmetric Mie scatterers on the rim of resonators has not only provided the much-needed mechanical stability for studying chiral EPs,but also helped reduce losses originating from nanofabrication imperfections,facilitating the in-situ study of chiral EPs and their contribution to the dynamics and tunability of ***,we use asymmetric Mie scatterers to break the rotational symmetry of a microresonator,to demonstrate deterministic thermal tuning across a chiral EP,and to demonstrate EP-mediated chiral optical nonlinear response and efficient electro-optic *** results indicate asymmetric electro-optic modulation with up to 17 dB contrast at GHz and CMOS-compatible voltage *** wafer-scale nano-manufacturing of chiral electro-optic modulators and the chiral EP-tailored tunning may facilitate new micro-resonator functionalities in quantum information processing,electromagnetic wave control,and optical interconnects.

关键词： active point micro chiral enhanced exceptional reciprocity resonators tuning

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Effect of nitric and hydrofluoric acid solution and silica-coating on surface roughness and adhesion of luting cements to yttrium-stabilized zirconia

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International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 2025年 141卷

作者： Aldeiry, Hammam Souza, Luiza Freitas Brum Mätzener, Kiren Jan Eyüboğlu, Tan Fırat Özcan, Mutlu University of Zurich Center for Dental Medicine Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials Zurich Switzerland Faculty of Dentistry Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science Rio Grande do Sul Santa Maria Brazil Istanbul Medipol University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Endodontics Istanbul Turkey

This study investigated the effect of varying acid etching durations using nitric and hydrofluoric acid solution on the surface roughness and adhesion of luting cements to 4-mol yttria-stabilized zirconia (4YSZ) and compared the results with those of silica coating. Zirconia specimens (IPS *** ZirCAD MT) (N = 192, n = 12 per group) were randomly assigned to two surface conditioning methods: a) silica coating (CoJet) (20 s, 2.5 MPa) (SC) and b) acid etching (Zircos E, ZE). Etching was performed for 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h. After elemental analysis (energy-dispersive spectroscopy, EDS), surface roughness (Ra, Rz, Rv, and Rc, RzJIS, Rp) measurements (3D microscopy), two adhesive luting systems (PV: Panavia 21 and ML: Multilink Hybrid Abutment) were bonded onto the conditioned substrates. Half of the specimens were tested dry, and the other half were tested after thermocycling (x6000 cycles, 5–55 °C) conditions. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured in a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). Failure modes were analyzed using 3D digital microscopy. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc, and Pearson's correlation tests (α = 0.05). Only ZE for 30 min produced surface roughness similar to that of SC for the Ra, Rz, Rv, and Rc, but showed higher values for the RzJIS and Rp parameters. SBS results were not significant in Dry conditions in all groups (19.38 + 5.35–14.5 + 7.39) (p > 0.05). While for ML, roughness parameters showed mostly weak or negative correlations for SC and ZE (30 min, 1 h, and 2 h) under both Dry and TC conditions, for PV, a moderate to strong positive correlation was observed in SC and ZE (2h) after TC, with weaker or mixed trends in ZE (30 min) and ZE (1h). After aging, SBS decreased by 12–66 % across all groups, and failure types were more frequently mixed types of failures (50–100 %) for all conditions and luting agents. Etching with a nitric and hydrofluoric acid solution for 30 min can be considered an alternative to silica coating t

关键词： Bond strength (materials)

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FDAM: Filter-Dedicated Approximate Multiplier Design for Real-Time CNN Acceleration

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2025年

作者： Nguyen, Kihwan Kim Xuan Truong Jeon, Dongsuk Lee, Hyuk-Jae Korea Republic of program Department of Electrical Engineering Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Research Institute for Convergence Science Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Video super-resolution (VSR) is widely used in various high-definition applications, such as HDTVs and smartphones, requiring a dedicated upscaling technique for realtime full-HD generation. To reduce on-chip buffers for largesize output feature maps, a streaming VSR accelerator may employ an output stationary dataflow, leading to a large energy consumption caused by frequent filter switching. To mitigate this, we introduce a new filter-dedicated multiplier design for realtime VSR acceleration. We replace costly multipliers with adders, shifters, and multiplexers (MUXes), referred to as unified multiple constant multiplications (UMCM). The conventional UMCM, however, may incur considerable area/power overhead due to the unified topology constraint among different filter sets. To address this problem, we propose a new approximated MCM (AMCM) problem to relax the constraint and an approximate compatible graph synthesis (A-CGS) framework to efficiently solve AMCM by jointly searching for approximated filters and constructing a unified graph. Additionally, we suggest a lightweight finetuning method by freezing approximated filters and only finetuning biases, which can recover the original model’s accuracy within a few epochs. Experimental results with synthetic data demonstrate that AMCM reduces the area by up to 49.8%, 44.8%, and 40.3% when considering constant sets of 2, 4, and 8, respectively. Our designs with SR application achieve up to a 73.3% reduction in energy consumption. Experiments with the Set5 and Set14 datasets show that our model with bias correction achieves similar restoration performance compared to the eightbit models. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Acceleration

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SHIFTING ATTENTION TO YOU: PERSONALIZED BRAIN-INSPIRED AI MODELS

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhao, Stephen Chong Hu, Yang Lee, Jason Bender, Andrew Wallace, Mark Tovar, David A. Mazumdar, Trisha Data Science Institute Vanderbilt University Nashville United States Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville United States Neurosciences Graduate Program University of California San Diego San Diego United States Department of Psychology Vanderbilt University Nashville United States

The integration of human and artificial intelligence represents a scientific opportunity to advance our understanding of information processing, as each system offers unique computational insights that can enhance and inform the other. The synthesis of human cognitive principles with artificial intelligence has the potential to produce more interpretable and functionally aligned computational models, while simultaneously providing a formal framework for investigating the neural mechanisms underlying perception, learning, and decision-making through systematic model comparisons and representational analyses. In this study, we introduce personalized brain-inspired modeling that integrates human behavioral embeddings and neural data to align with cognitive processes. We took a stepwise approach, fine-tuning the Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training (CLIP) model with large-scale behavioral decisions, group-level neural data, and finally, participant-level neural data within a broader framework that we have named CLIP-Human-Based Analysis (CLIP-HBA). We found that fine-tuning on behavioral data enhances its ability to predict human similarity judgments while indirectly aligning it with dynamic representations captured via magnetoencephalography (MEG). To further gain mechanistic insights into the temporal evolution of cognitive processes, we introduced a model specifically fine-tuned on millisecond-level MEG neural dynamics (CLIP-HBA-MEG). This model resulted in enhanced temporal alignment with human neural processing while still showing improvement on behavioral alignment. Finally, we trained individualized models on participant-specific neural data, effectively capturing individualized neural dynamics and highlighting the potential for personalized AI systems. These personalized systems have far-reaching implications for the fields of medicine, cognitive research, human-computer interfaces, and AI development. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Magnetoencephalography

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KNU-DTI: KNowledge United Drug-Target Interaction prediction

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 189卷 109927-109927页

作者： Heo, Ryong Lee, Dahyeon Kim, Byung Ju Seo, Sangmin Park, Sanghyun Park, Chihyun Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Bigdata Convergence Kangwon National University Gangwon-do Chuncheon-si24341 Korea Republic of Department of Data Science Kangwon National University Korea Republic of UBLBio Corporation Yeongtong-ro 237 Gyeonggi-do Suwon16679 Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science Yonsei University Yonsei-ro 50 Seodaemun-gu Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kangwon National University Korea Republic of

Motivation: Accurately predicting drug-target protein interactions (DTI) is a cornerstone of drug discovery, enabling the identification of potential therapeutic compounds. Sequence-based prediction models, despite their simplicity, hold great promise in extracting essential information directly from raw sequences. However, the focus in recent DTI studies has increasingly shifted toward enhancing algorithmic complexity, often at the expense of fully leveraging robust sequence representation learning methods. This shift has led to the underestimation and gradual neglect of methodologies aimed at effectively capturing discriminative features from sequences. Our work seeks to address this oversight by emphasizing the value of well-constructed sequence representation algorithms, demonstrating that even with simple interaction mapping algorithm techniques, accurate DTI models can be achieved. By prioritizing meaningful information extraction over excessive model complexity, we aim to advance the development of practical and generalizable DTI prediction frameworks. Results: We developed the KNowledge Uniting DTI model (KNU-DTI), which retrieves structural information and unites them. Protein structural properties were obtained using structural property sequence (SPS). Extended-connectivity fingerprint (ECFP) was used to estimate the structure-activity relationship in molecules. Including these two features, a total of five latent vectors were derived from protein and molecule via various neural networks and integrated by elemental-wise addition to predict binding interactions or affinity. Using four test concepts to evaluate the model, we show that the model outperforms recently published competitors. Finally, a case study indicated that our model has a competitive edge over existing docking simulations in some cases. © 2025

关键词： Prediction models

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Joint Source Decomposition of Concurrent EEG-FMRI Data in Epilepsy and Control Groups

Joint Source Decomposition of Concurrent EEG-FMRI Data in Ep...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： J. Mason Harding Haatef Pourmotabbed Yamin Li Kimberly Rogge-Obando Kate Wang Sarah E. Goodale Shiyu Wang Camden Bibro Bergen Allee Caroline Martin Victoria L. Morgan Dario J. Englot Catie Chang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University Department of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University Neuroscience Graduate Program Vanderbilt University Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Neurological Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Radiology Vanderbilt University Medical Center

ISBN: (数字)9798331520526

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520533

EEG and fMRI are complementary, noninvasive technologies for investigating human brain function. These modalities have been used to uncover large-scale functional networks and their disruptions in clinical populations. Given the high temporal resolution of EEG and high spatial resolution of fMRI, integrating these modalities can provide a more holistic understanding of brain activity. This work explores a multimodal source decomposition technique for extracting shared modes of temporal variation between fMRI BOLD signals and EEG spectral power fluctuations in the resting state. The resulting components are then compared between patients with focal epilepsy and controls, revealing multimodal network differences between groups.

关键词： Neuroimaging Brain Fluctuations Epilepsy Functional magnetic resonance imaging Electroencephalography Pattern recognition Hemodynamics Spatial resolution Signal resolution

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