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Pracfical Tuning of Industrial PID controllers

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1997年第6期30卷 591-596页

作者： Vladimír Bobál Jiří Macháček Roman Prokop Technical University of Brno Faculty of Technology in Zlín Department of Automatic Control Nám. T. G. Masaryka 275 762 72 Zlín Czech Republic University of Pardubice Faculty of Chemical Technology Department of Process Control and Computer Techniques Nám. Čs. legií 565 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic

The paper deals with algorithms for auto-tuning of digital PID controllers. Tuning is based on the identification of process model parameters using recursive least squares method (RLSM) with directional forgetting. The parameters of the PID controllers are designed on the basis of modified Ziegler-Nichols method for digital control loops. The ultimate (critical) gain and period of oscillations are calculated from parameter estimates of the regression model. The relations for setting procedures in case of the 2nd and 3rd order model are relatively simple and are given in the form of analytical formulas or flow diagrams. In case of the higher order regression models the MATLAB Symbolic Math Toolbox was used. These algorithms are suitable for automatic tuning of digital PID controllers or of the adaptive control of technological processes. There has been developed the MATLAB-Toolbox ATC PID for designing, testing and simulating of auto-tuning digital PID controllers.

关键词： PID controllers stability limits recursive least squares self-tuning control computer aided design industrial control

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Tuning of Digital PID controllers Based on Ziegler - Nichols Method

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1997年第21期30卷 145-150页

作者： Vladimír Bobál Jinří Macháček Roman Prokop Technical University of Brno Faculty of Technology in Zlín Department of Automatic Control Nám. T. G. Masaryka 275 762 72 Zlín Czech Republic University of Pardubice Faculty of Chemical Technology Department of Process Control and Computer Techniques Nám. Čs. legií 565 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic

A unified algorithm for auto-tuning of digital РID controllers for n-order process model have been derived in this paper. Tuning procerdure uses the identification of ARX process model parameters using recursive least squares method (RLSM) with adaptive directional forgetting. The parameter estimates serve for computing of the ultimate (critical) proportional gain and period of oscillations on the basis of modified Ziegler-Nichols method for digital control loops. The relations for setting procedures in case of the 2nd and the 3rd order model are derived in the form of analytical formulas. In case of the higher order ARX models the MATLAB Symbolic Math Toolbox was used. These algorithms are suitable for automatic tuning of digital PID controllers or of the adaptive control of technological processes. The digital PID controller with weghting factor and noise filtering constant in the derivative component has been applied for temperature control of a laboratory fermentor. There has been developed the MATLABToolbox ATC PID for designing, testing, simulating and real time of auto-tuning digital PID controllers.

关键词： PID controllers digital control stability limits recursive least squares selftuning control computer aided design

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Device characteristics of MOSFETs with self-aligned punch-through stopper structure

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第9期79卷 95-102页

作者： Umeda, K Hisamoto, D Nagai, R Kimura, S Central Research Laboratory Hitachi Ltd. Kokubunji Japan 185 Education: Shimonoseki Technical College B.S. 1986. Industry positions: Central Research Laboratory Hitachi Ltd. 1986 (currently designer ULSI Department). Research interests: submicron MOS devices. Membership: Applied Physics Society of Japan. Education: Tokyo University B.S. 1984 M.S. 1986. Industry positions: Central Research Laboratory Hitachi Ltd. 1986 (currently investigator ULSI Department). Research interests: submicron MOS devices. Memberships: Applied Physics Society of Japan IEEE. Education: Tokyo University B.S. 1975 M.S. 1977 University of California Berkeley visiting research fellow in electronics and computer engineering 1985 1989. Industry positions: Semiconductor Division Hitachi Research Laboratories 1977 (Central Research Laboratory 1990). Research interests: CMOS device development process technology MOS LSI reliability evaluation deep submicron devices. Membership: Applied Physics Society of Japan. Education: Tohoku University B.S. 1978 M.S. 1980 D.Eng. University of Warwick (U.K.) visiting research fellow. Industry positions: Central Research Laboratory Hitachi Ltd. 1980. Research interests: process applications of plasma DRAM memory cell technology submicron MOS devices Si MBE. Membership: Applied Physics Society of Japan IEEE MRS.

Self-aligned punch-through stopper (SPS) MOSFETs are made using high energy ion implantation;punch-through stopper (PTS) layers are formed after gate electrode delineation. The SPS structure features: 1) a retrograded PTS layer with a gradually increasing impurity profile;and 2) a relatively lower impurity concentration around the source and drain region. These characteristics of the PTS structure permit both junction capacitance reduction and adjustment of threshold voltage (V-th) (specifically, a reduced V-th and suppressed reverse short-channel effect) and improved current drivability, short-channel characteristics, and hot-carrier immunity. The proposed structure is also effective in reducing process steps because only one implantation is needed to adjust the profile.

关键词： deep submicron MOSFET self-aligned punch-through stopper high energy ion implantation gradual impurity profile reverse short-channel effect

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Steady‐state security evaluation of electrical power systems by means of artificial neural network

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1995年第2期5卷 91-97页

作者： Chiodo, E. Menniti, D. Testa, A. Picardi, C. Elio Chiodo (1959) received the degree in Electronics Engineering in 1985 and the Ph.D. degree in Computational Statistics both from the University of Naplefltaly. He is a Researcher at the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Naples and a member of the Italian Statistical Society. His areas of interest include probabilistic methods applied to electric power systems analysis. (University of Naples Fedrrico 11. Electrical Engineering Dept.via Claudio 21 1-80125 Naplefltaly T +3981/7683226 Fax+3981/2396897) Daniele Menniti (1958) received the degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Calabria. Cosenzataly and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of NapleslItaly in 1984 and 1989 respectively. He is a researcher at the Electronic. Computer and Systems Science Department of the University of Calabria. Italy. Hiscurrent research interests concern electric power system analysis real-time control and automation. (University of Calabria Electronic Computer and Systems Science Dep. Arcavacataji Rende (CS). 1-87036 CosenzdItaly T +39984/494707. Fax +39984/4947 13) Alfredo Testa (1950) received the degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Naples/Italy in 1975. He is an Associate Professor in Electrical Power Systems at the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Naples. He is engaged in researches on electrical power systems reliability and harmonic analysis. (University of Naples Federico 11. Electrical Engineering Dep. via Claudio '2 1 1-80 I25 NapleslItaly T + 39 8 I/7 68 3'2 11. Fax+3981/2396897) Ciro Picardi (1949) received the degree in Electronics Engineering from the University of Naples/Italy in 1975. He is currently Associate Professor in Process Control at the Department of Electronic Computer and System Science of the University of Calabria. Italy. His current research interests are in the area of electrical drives robotics neural networks and fuzzy control. (University of Calabria Electronic. Compu

An artificial‐neural‐network (ANN) application for steady‐state security evaluation of electrical power systems is presented. Such application is based upon a combined use of a multilayer back‐propagation neural network and of an opportune electrical system model, previously proposed by some of the authors. In the paper, the definition of steady‐state security and the problems arising from its on‐line evaluation are briefly recalled. Then, the ANN utilized is described with particular reference to the solutions adopted by the authors. Afterwards, some remarks on the system model utilized are reported. Finally, numerical applications on the AEP‐14 bus system are presented and the results obtained with different ANN configurations are analyzed. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Integration of Machine Tools with Adaptive control in Intelligent Manufacturing Systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1994年第4期27卷 291-296页

作者： Th. Borangiu A. Popescu University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Department of Computer Process Control 313 Spl. Independentei sector 6 77206 Bucharest ROMANIA

Intelligent manufacturing systems support a number of new functions, both for the real-time adaptive control of the machining process and for the supervision and control of the part and tool flow at the cell level. The paper presents a method and implementation solution for the intelligent control of machine tools tended by industrial robots, integrated in a CIM environment. An adaptive extension of the CNC processor provides on-line optimization of machine loading and batch productivity with tool monitoring by means of a machine vision subsystem, integrated in a local supervision computer. The local supervisor links hierarchical feature-based representation of parts and tools with the on-line built process-knowledge data base, generating intelligent commands for the NCAC and robot controllers.

关键词： Intelligent machining optimal search techniques adaptive control CNC robot control artificial intelligence visual feedback CIM system

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Intelligent Components and Object-Oriented Concept for CIM

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1994年第4期27卷 415-419页

作者： Th. Borangiu A. Popescu University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Department of Computer Process Control 313 Spl. Independentei sector 6 77206 Bucharest ROMANIA

The intelligence of the CAM segment involves three distinct areas: the physical layer (hardware devices); the real-time process management software (knowledge-based decisions); the open, modular CAM software (object-oriented concept). Considering a case study for a multifunctional manufacturing structure producing mechanical assemblies, the paper proposes intelligent control components and a new organization of the CAM software system (ICAM). The Open System Approach allows, through a set of utilities and standard information data bases, to modify and interconnect any devices/programs produced by different manufacturers, or user-developed. The solution for the flexible ICAM software is given by the Object-Oriented Concept. Software connectors have been used between objects to emulate electrical and mechanical links, by means of the message passing technique. Events are transformed into messages between objects based on the Event Driven Architectural Concept. Final aspects are reported in the paper concerning the modular structure of the ICAM software.

关键词： CAM sensory-based control robotics object-oriented software open systems intelligent manufacturing systems CIM

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Synthesis and analysis of fuzzy logic finite state machine models

Synthesis and analysis of fuzzy logic finite state machine m...

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IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)

作者： J. Grantner M.J. Patyra Department of Process Control Technical University of Budapest Budapest Hungary Department of Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Hino MN Japan

A common drawback of most linguistic models is that they are essentially static, time is not a parameter in describing the behavior of the process model, or they are unable to respond to a specific sequence of changes at the inputs of the system. Dynamic linguistic models can be implemented by fuzzy automata. Of the feasible solutions, at present, fuzzy logic RISC processors and fuzzy logic finite state machines (ASIC) seem to be most promising. The latter approach is taken into consideration. In this paper the model of the fuzzy-state-fuzzy-output (FSFO) finite state machine (FSM) is discussed in detail. The state membership function (SMF) is introduced and the FSFO FSM implementation by means of crisp-state-fuzzy-output (CSFO) FSM using SMF is proposed. The multivariable model and inference scheme are suggested based on CSFO and FSFO FSM.< >

关键词： Fuzzy logic Automata Design methodology Algorithm design and analysis Sequential circuits Clocks process control Reduced instruction set computing Application specific integrated circuits Fuzzy systems

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Tme scaled high-level synthesis for pipelined data-flow structures

Tme scaled high-level synthesis for pipelined data-flow stru...

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Annual Atlantic Test Workshop, ATW

作者： P. Arato A. Rucinski I. Jankovitz Head of the Department of Process Control Technical University of Budapest Hungary Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Hampshire USA

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Hardware implementation issues of multivariable fuzzy control systems 3

Hardware implementation issues of multivariable fuzzy contro...

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3rd International Conference on Industrial Fuzzy control and Intelligent Systems, IFIS 1993

作者： Patyra, M.J. Grantner, J. Department of Computer Engineering University of Minnesota DuluthMN55812 United States Department of Process Control Technical University of Budapest Budapest1111 Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)0780314859

We show two models for synchronous finite state machines (FSM) based on fuzzy logic: The crisp-state-fuzzy-output (CSFO) FSM, and the fuzzy-state-fuzzy-output (CSFO) FSM. As a result of the introduction of the FSM models, improved architectures for fuzzy logic controller have been defined. The new method for linguistic fuzzy model building of multi-input-multi-output controllers is proposed. Due to the applied theoretic approach to the fuzzy model building, the fuzzy logic controller architecture features massively parallel fuzzy data inferencing is obtained. This architecture provides almost constant performance, independent on the number of inputs, on the number of outputs, and on the number of processed rules. The approach can be utilised for logic controller hardware to work in the real-time environment. © 1993 IEEE.

关键词： Fuzzy control

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Hardware implementation issues of multivariable fuzzy control systems

Hardware implementation issues of multivariable fuzzy contro...

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International Conference on Industrial Fuzzy control and Intelligent Systems

作者： M.J. Patyra J. Grantner Department of Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Duluth MN USA Department of Process Control Technical University of Budapest Budapest Hungary

We show two models for synchronous finite state machines (FSM) based on fuzzy logic: the crisp-state-fuzzy-output (CSFO) FSM, and the fuzzy-state-fuzzy-output (CSFO) FSM. As a result of the introduction of the FSM models, improved architectures for fuzzy logic controller have been defined. The new method for linguistic fuzzy model building of multi-input-multi-output controllers is proposed. Due to the applied theoretic approach to the fuzzy model building, the fuzzy logic controller architecture features massively parallel fuzzy data inferencing is obtained. This architecture provides almost constant performance, independent on the number of inputs, on the number of outputs, and on the number of processed rules. The approach can be utilised for logic controller hardware to work in the real-time environment.< >

关键词： Hardware Fuzzy control Fuzzy logic control systems Automata Buildings computer architecture Fuzzy neural networks Reconfigurable logic process control

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