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The Role of Relative Spinal Motion during Feline Galloping for Speed Performance

Journal of Bionic engineering 2014年第4期11卷 517-528页

作者： Young Kook Kim Jongwon Park Byungho Yoon Kyung-Soo Kim Soohyun Kim Robotics Program Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea

Felines use their spinal column to increase their running speed at rapid locomotion performance. However, its motion profile behavior during fast gait locomotion has little attention. The goal of this study is to examine the relative spinal motion profile during two different galloping gait speeds. To understand this dynamic behavior trend, a dynamic motion of the feline animal （Felis catus domestica） was measured and analyzed by motion capture devices. Based on the experiments at two different galloping gaits, we observed a significant increase in speed （from 3.2 m.s-1 to 4.33 m.s-1） during the relative motion profile synchronization between the spinal （range： 118.86~ to 168.00~） and pelvic segments （range： 46.35~ to 91.13~） during the hindlimb stance phase （time interval： 0.495 s to 0.600 s）. Based on this discovery, the relative angular speed profile was applied to understand the possibility that the role of the relative motion match during high speed locomotion generates bigger ground reaction force.

关键词： feline galloping galloping gait pattern relative spinal motion speed performance phase match

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A body-machine interface for training selective pelvis movements in stroke survivors: a pilot study

A body-machine interface for training selective pelvis movem...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： S. Summa C. Pierella P. Giannoni A. Sciacchitano S. Iacovelli A. Farshchiansadegh F. A. Mussa-Ivaldi M. Casadio the Department of Informatics Bioengineering Robotics and System Engineering at the University of Genoa 16145 Genoa Italy the ART Education and Rehab Center Genoa Italy the Sensory Motor Performance Program Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Chicago IL 60611 USA. the Sensory Motor Performance Program Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Chicago IL 60611 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424492695

The body-machine interfaces (BMIs) map the subjects' movements into the low dimensional control space of external devices to reach assistive and/or rehabilitative goals. This work is a first proof of concept of this kind of BMI as tool for rehabilitation after stroke. We designed an exercise to improve the control of selective movements of the pelvis in stroke survivors, increasing the ability to decouple the motion in the sagittal and frontal planes and decreasing compensatory adjustments at the shoulder girdle. A Kinect sensor recorded the movements of the subjects. Subjects played different games by controlling the vertical and horizontal motion of a cursor on a screen with respectively the lateral tilt and the ante/retroversion of their pelvis. We monitored also the degrees of freedom not directly involved in cursor control, thus subjects could complete the task only with a correct posture. Our preliminary results highlight significant improvement not only in cursor control, but also in the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and in the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (5xSST).

关键词： TIS 5xSST BMI Pelvis cursor control Movements proof of concept Stroke Pilot Studies Body Mass Index Horizontal motion BMI CONSOLE first proofs Survivors nonius

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Design improvements and dynamic characterization on fluidic elastomer actuators for a soft robotic snake

Design improvements and dynamic characterization on fluidic ...

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IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Practical Robot Applications (TePRA)

作者： Ming Luo Weijia Tao Fuchen Chen Tri K. Khuu Selim Ozel Cagdas D. Onal Robotics Engineering Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute MA USA Mechanical Engineering Department and Robotics Engineering Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute MA USA

This paper addresses the design and dynamic analysis of a new generation of fluidic elastomer actuators (FEAs) that offer bidirectional bending developed as motion segments of a pressure-operated soft robotic snake. Our prior work on FEAs has identified a number of limitations, namely a high center of gravity, narrow base, slow dynamics, and a small range of pressure inputs. We developed two versions of FEAs based on an improved design concept with different geometric parameters and characterized their dynamic response under a custom visual tracking system. Compared with the previous actuators, the FEAs developed in this work offer robust operation, safety at larger input pressure values, faster response, lower center of gravity and a flat bottom for better compatibility for snake-like undulatory locomotion.

关键词： Actuators Robot kinematics Rubber Pneumatic systems Fabrication Valves

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Efficient 3D terrain mapping based on normal distribution transform grid

Efficient 3D terrain mapping based on normal distribution tr...

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International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems ( ICCAS)

作者： Hyun Jun Na Yungeun Choe Myung Jin Chung Department of Electrical Engineering KAIST Daejeon Korea Robotics Program KAIST Daejeon Korea

Researches about semantic terrain mapping using data acquired from range sensors have been widely studied. And this semantic map can be used for navigation, exploration and path planning. Among the various information `traversability' is important before everything. Because only if traversability information is provided in advance, various high-level robot's tasks are possible. The proposed efficient 3d terrain mapping method use NDT grid. And by using NDT grid's covariance matrix, we define traversability using three different factors `slope', `flatness', `reliability'. Experimental results show by our proposed method traversability can be analyzed efficiently, and accurately.

关键词： Reliability Robots

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Obstacle avoidance of a moving sound following robot using active virtual impedance

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Journal of Institute of Control, robotics and Systems 2014年第2期20卷 200-210页

作者： Han, Jong-Ho Park, Sook-Hee Noh, Kyung-wook Lee, Dong-Hyuk Lee, Jang-Myung Department of Electrical Engineering Pusan National University Korea Republic of Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Robotics Pusan National University Korea Republic of

An active virtual impedance algorithm is newly proposed to track a sound source and to avoid obstacles while a mobile robot is following the sound source. The tracking velocity of a mobile robot to the sound source is determined by virtual repulsive and attraction forces to avoid obstacles and to follow the sound source, respectively. Active virtual impedance is defined as a function of distances and relative velocities to the sound source and obstacles from the mobile robot, which is used to generate the tracking velocity of the mobile robot. Conventional virtual impedance methods have fixed coefficients for the relative distances and velocities. However, in this research the coefficients are dynamically adjusted to elaborate the obstacle avoidance performance in multiple obstacle environments. The relative distances and velocities are obtained using a microphone array consisting of three microphones in a row. The geometrical relationships of the microphones are utilized to estimate the relative position and orientation of the sound source against the mobile robot which carries the microphone array. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated by real experiments. © ICROS 2014.

关键词： Mobile robots

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A mobile robot estimating the real-time moving sound sources by using the curvature trajectory

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Journal of Institute of Control, robotics and Systems 2014年第1期20卷 48-57页

作者： Han, Jong-Ho Park, Sook-hee Lee, Dong-Hyuk Noh, Kyung-wook Lee, Jang-myung Department of Electrical Engineering Pusan National University Korea Republic of Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Robotics Pusan National University Korea Republic of

It is suggested that the curvature trajectory be used to estimate the real-time moving sound sources and efficiently the robot estimating the sound sources. Since the target points of the real-time moving sound sources change, the mobile robot continuously estimates the changed target points. In such a case, the robot experiences a slip phenomenon due to the abnormal velocity and the changes of the navigating state. By selecting an appropriate curvature and navigating the robot gradually by using it, it is possible to enable the robot to reach the target points without having much trouble. In order to recognize the sound sources in real time, three microphones need to be organized in a straight form. Also, by applying the cross-correlation algorithm to the TDOA base, the signals can be analyzed. By using the analyzed data, the locations of the sound sources can be recognized. Based on such findings, the sound sources can be estimated. Even if the mobile robot is navigated by selecting the gradual curvature based on the changed target points, there could be errors caused by the inertia and the centrifugal force related to the velocity. As a result, it is possible to control the velocity of both wheels of the robot through the velocity PID controller in order to compensate for the slip phenomenon and minimize the estimated errors. In order to examine whether the suggested curvature trajectory is appropriate for estimating the sound sources, two mobile robots are arranged to carry out an actual experiment. The first robot is moved by discharging the sound sources, while the second robot recognizes and estimates the locations of the discharged sound sources in real time. © ICROS 2014.

关键词： Mobile robots

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Estimate the inclination angle using traveling speed of Segway robot on the slope

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Journal of Institute of Control, robotics and Systems 2014年第11期20卷 1164-1169页

作者： Jeong, Hee-In Lee, Sang-Yong Lee, Jang-Myung Department of Electrical Engineering Pusan National University Korea Republic of Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Robotics Pusan National University Korea Republic of

This paper proposes an angle estimation of Segway robot for the slop driving. Most of Segway robot was controlled by pose control of keeping robot's balance and motor control of driving. In motor control, we analyzed Segway robot kinetically and estimated an angle of inclination using the velocity that depends on input force. In pose control, also, we used PD controller and evaluated a stability of controller through MATLAB simulation. Assuming the robot keeps its balance stably using controller, we could linearize dynamics. We could obtain the result through the experiment which estimates an angle using the velocity of Segway robot that is derived from linearized dynamics. © ICROS 2014.

关键词： Robots

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Obstacle information transfer and control method using haptic device consist of vibration motors

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Journal of Institute of Control, robotics and Systems 2014年第10期20卷 1036-1043页

作者： Lee, Dong-Hyuk Noh, Kyung-Wook Kang, Sun Kyun Han, Jong Ho Lee, Jang-Myung Department of Electrical Engineering Pusan National University Korea Republic of Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Robotics Pusan National University Korea Republic of

In this paper, a new haptic device is proposed for the teleoperation, which can recognize the invisible environment of a mobile robot. With this new device, it is possible for the user to identify the location of an obstacle and to avoid it. The haptic device has been attached on the top of a joystick so that the user can remotely control the mobile robot to avoid the obstacles which are recognized by the ultrasonic sensors. Also, the invisible environment is recognized more accurately overlapping the data from the ultrasonic sensors. There are five vibration motors in the haptic device to indicate the direction of the obstacle. So the direction of the obstacle can be recognized by the vibration at the finger on each vibration motor. For various situations and surrounding environments, experiments are performed using fuzzy controller and overlapping ultrasonic sensors. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed haptic joystick.

关键词： Remote control

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Tactile navigation system using a haptic device

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Journal of Institute of Control, robotics and Systems 2014年第8期20卷 807-814页

作者： Lee, Dong-Hyuk Noh, Kyung-Wook Kang, Sun Kyun Kim, Hyun Woo Lee, Jang-Myung Department of Electrical Engineering Pusan National University Korea Republic of Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Robotics Pusan National University Korea Republic of

In this paper, we proposed a haptic navigation system which used the tactile data for the user guides of the mobile robot to the reference point via tele-operation in unknown blind environment. This navigation system can enable a mobile robot to avoid obstacles and move to the reference point, according to the direction provided by the device guides through a haptic device consisting of a vibration motor in a blind environment. There are a great deal of obstacles in real environments, and so mobile robots can avoid obstacles by recognizing the exact position of each obstacle through the superposition of an ultrasonic sensor. The navigation system determines the direction of obstacle avoidance through an avoidance algorithm that uses virtual impedance, and lets users know the position of obstacles and the direction of the avoidance through the haptic device consisting of 5 vibration motors. By letting users know intuitionally, it lets the mobile robot precisely reach the reference point in unknown blind environment. This haptic device can implement a haptic navigation system through the tactile sensor data. © ICROS 2014.

关键词： Mobile robots

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LQR controller design for balancing and driving control of a bicycle robot

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Journal of Institute of Control, robotics and Systems 2014年第5期20卷 551-556页

作者： Kang, Seok-Won Park, Kyung-Il Lee, Jangmyung Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Robotics Pusan National University Korea Republic of School of Electronic Engineering Pusan National University Korea Republic of

This paper proposes a balancing control and driving control of a bicycle robot based on dynamic modeling of the bicycle robot, which has been derived using the Lagrange equations. For the balancing control of the bicycle robot, a reaction wheel pendulum method has been adopted in this research. By using the dynamics equations of the bicycle robot, an LQR controller has been designed for a balancing and driving control of a bicycle robot. The performance of the balance control is verified experimentally before the driving control, which shows a stable posture within one degree vibrations. To show the dynamic characteristics of the bicycle robot during driving, a trapezoidal velocity trajectory is selected as the references. Through simulations and real experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated. © ICROS 2014.

关键词： Equations of motion

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