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IEEE International Conference on Automation science and engineering (CASE)

作者： Chad A. Rockey Eric M. Perko Wyatt S. Newman Willow Garage Menlo Park CA USA National Robotics Engineering Center Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA

The success of smart wheelchairs in practice will depend on achieving sensing that is both highly reliable and low cost. Recent options, made in volume for gaming and for hobbyists, offer such a possibility. Several sensors, including a 3-D camera, low-cost laser rangefinders, sonar sensors and a low-cost inertial measurement unit, were considered for use on a smart wheelchair. Encouraging performance results are reported.

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GES tightly coupled attitude estimation based on a LBL/USBL positioning system

GES tightly coupled attitude estimation based on a LBL/USBL ...

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European Control Conference (ECC)

作者： Pedro Batista Carlos Silvestre Paulo Oliveira Institute for Systems and Robotics Universidade Técnica de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology of the University of Macau.

ISBN: (纸本)9781479901890

Typical attitude estimation solutions for underwater vehicles rely on magnetometers, which are prone to magnetic field distortions. This can preclude its use in intervention scenarios, in the vicinity of objects with strong magnetic signatures, severely endangering not only the intervention mission but also the operation of the underwater vehicle. This paper presents a novel attitude estimation solution, based on a combined Long Baseline / Ultra Short Baseline (LBL/USBL) acoustic positioning system, with application to underwater vehicles. The range and range differences of arrival obtained with the LBL/USBL are directly embedded in the estimator dynamics, without any linearization whatsoever, and globally exponentially stable (GES) error dynamics are achieved. Simulation results evidence good performance of the proposed solution.

关键词： Observers Vehicles Acoustics Vehicle dynamics Vectors Magnetometers

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Cyclic scheduling of multimodal processes in mesh-like environment

Cyclic scheduling of multimodal processes in mesh-like envir...

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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Grzegorz Bocewicz Wojciech Muszyński Zbigniew Banaszak Department of Computer Science and Management Koszalin University of Technology Koszalin Poland Department of Business Informatics Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland Institute of Computer Engineering Control and Robotics Wrocław University of Technology Wroclaw Poland

A processes composed of sequences of local cyclic The theoretical prediction of the behavioral properties of periodic structures is less difficult than in the case of nonperiodic ones. That is because all the information needed to describe the entire structure is given by the elementary substructure itself and by the manner it repeats in the whole periodic structure. So, only a small portion of the structure (which includes the repeating substructure) needs to be considered to obtain the properties of the whole periodic structure. In that context, the contribution provides the discussion of some system periodicity issues, and is aimed at modeling and evaluation of relationships linking the system structure features with required system's functioning.

关键词： Periodic structures Gears Wheels Transportation Cities and towns Dispatching Job shop scheduling

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Underwater Target Positioning with a Single Acoustic Sensor

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2013年第33期46卷 233-238页

作者： D. Moreno-Salinas A.M. Pascoal J. Aranda Department of Computer Science and Automatic Control National University Distance Education (UNED) Spain Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS) Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST) University of Lisbon Portugal Adjunct Scientist National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Goa India

The availability of reliable underwater positioning systems to localize one or more vehicles simultaneously based on information received on-board a support ship or an autonomous surface vessel is key to the operation of some classes of AUVs. Furthermore, there is considerable interest in reducing the number of sensors involved in acoustic navigation/positioning systems to reduce the costs involved and the time consumed in the deployment, callibration, and recovery phases. Motivated by these considerations, in this paper we address the problem of single underwater target positioning based on measurements of the ranges between the target and a moving sensor at the sea surface, obtained via acoustic ranging devices. In particular, and speaking in loose terms, we are interested in determining the optimal geometric trajectory of the surface sensor that will, in a well defined sense, maximize the range-related information available for underwater target positioning. To this effect, an appropriate Fisher Information Matrix is defined and its determinant is maximized to yield the sensor trajectory that maximizes the accuracy of the target position estimate that can possibly be obtained with any unbiased estimator. It is shown that the optimal trajectory depends on the relative velocity of the sensor, the sampling time between measurements, and the number of measurements acquired for the FIM computation. Simulation examples illustrate the key results derived.

关键词： Autonomous Vehicles Underwater Navigation Optimal Sensor Placement Positioning Fisher Information Matrix Cramer-Rao Bound

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Real-time navigation for a humanoid robot using particle filter

Real-time navigation for a humanoid robot using particle fil...

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2nd International Conference on engineering and Technology Innovation 2012, ICETI 2012

作者： Baltes, Jacky Cheng, Chi Tai Lau, Meng Cheng Espínola, Andrés Autonomous Agents Lab Department of Computer Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada Department of Electrical Engineering Tamkang University Tamsui Dist. New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan Mobile Robotics and Automated Systems Laboratory Universidad La Salle Benjamin Franklin 47 Mexico DF Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9783037856123

This paper presents a practical real-time visual navigation system, including a vision system, a particle filter (PF) based localization system, and a path planning system, for humanoid robots in an indoor environment. A neural network (NN) converter system is used to solve the image distortion problem. The monocular vision system detects objects of interest in the scene, calculating their position in the image, and converting the position in the image to real world coordinates. The PF localization system estimates the current position by the robot's motion model and corrects the estimated position by using feedback from the data gathered by the vision system. The path planning system determines the next motion based on the result of the localization system. This paper uses a tree-like path planning method which not only guides the robot to the destination but also avoids obstacles at the same time. The navigation method allows a user to assign several different target destinations to the robot simultaneously. The proposed method is implemented on a humanoid robot "ROBOTIS DARwIn-OP", an open platform humanoid robot. The effectiveness of the system is demonstrated in an empirical evaluation. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Bandpass filters

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Norm optimal iterative learning control for planar tracking tasks

Norm optimal iterative learning control for planar tracking ...

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11th IFAC International Workshop on Adaptation and Learning in Control and Signal Processing, ALCOSP 2013

作者： Owens, David H. Freeman, Chris T. Chu, Bing Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield Mappin Street Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ United Kingdom Department of Advanced Robotics Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823373

The Iterative Learning Control (ILC) problem in which tracking is only required at a subset of isolated time points along the trial duration has recently gained significant attention since it addresses the practical needs of many *** paper extends the framework by embedding simultaneous iterative convergence of subsets of outputs to reference trajectories on subintervals. This enables it to tackle tasks which mix 'point to point' movements with linear tracking requirements, which substantially broadens the application domain (e.g. to include automation tasks which include welding or cutting movements, or human motion control where the movement is restricted by the task to straight line and/or planar segments). A solution to the problem is presented in the framework of Norm Optimal ILC (NOILC), providing well-defined convergence properties, design guidelines and supporting experimental results. © IFAC.

关键词： Two term control systems

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Decentralized Multi-robot Cooperative Localization using Covariance Intersection

Decentralized Multi-robot Cooperative Localization using Cov...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Luis C. Carrillo-Arce Esha D. Nerurkar Jose L. Gordillo Stergios I. Roumeliotis Center for Robotics and Intelligent Systems (CRIS) Tecnologico de Monterrey Monterrey NL 64849 MEX Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467363563

In this paper, we present a Covariance Intersection (CI)-based algorithm for reducing the processing and communication complexity of multi-robot Cooperative Localization (CL). Specifically, for a team of N robots, our proposed approximate CI-based CL approach has processing and communication complexity only linear, O(N), in the number of robots. Moreover, and in contrast to alternative approximate methods, our approach is provably consistent, can handle asynchronous communication, and does not place any restriction on the robots' motion. We test the performance of our proposed approach in both simulations and experimentally, and show that it outperforms the existing linear-complexity split CI-based CL method.

关键词： communication complexity Asynchronous communication Robot Covariance Decentralized

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Sensor Calibration with Unknown Correspondence: Solving AX=XB Using Euclidean-Group Invariants

Sensor Calibration with Unknown Correspondence: Solving AX=X...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Martin Kendal Ackerman Alexis Cheng Bernard Shiffman Emad Boctor Gregory Chirikjian Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Department of Computer Science and Radiology and Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Department of Mathematics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467363563

The AX = XB sensor calibration problem must often be solved in image guided therapy systems, such as those used in robotic surgical procedures. In this problem, A, X, and B are homogeneous transformations with A and B acquired from sensor measurements and X being the unknown. It has been known for decades that this problem is solvable for X when a set of exactly measured A's and B's, in a priori correspondence, is given. However, in practical problems, the data streams containing the A' and B's will be asynchronous and may contain gaps (i.e., the correspondence is unknown, or does not exist, for the sensor measurements) and temporal registration is required. For the AX = XB problem, an exact solution can be found when four independent invariant quantities exist between two pairs of A's and B's. We formally define these invariants, reviewing and elaborating results from classical screw theory. We then illustrate how they can be used, with sensor data from multiple sources that contain unknown or missing correspondences, to provide a solution for X.

关键词： Unknown Invariant Correspondence Sensors Sensor Data Soluble mechanical heart valve Asynchronous temporal registration Image-Guided Surgery Robotic Surgical Procedures

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Methodology for identifying quadrotor parameters, attitude estimation and control

Methodology for identifying quadrotor parameters, attitude e...

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IEEE/ASME (AIM) International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics

作者： M. Elsamanty A. Khalifa M. Fanni A. Ramadan A. Abo-Ismail Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering Department School of Innovative Design Engineering Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Alexandria Egypt Production. Engineering & Mechanical Design Department Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Computer & Automatic Control Department Faculty of Engineering Tanta University Tanta Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781467353199

This paper describes a methodology to identify all the parameters of a quadrotor system including the structure parameters and rotor assembly parameters. A CAD model is developed using SOLIDWORKS to calculate the mass moment of inertia and all the missing geometrical parameters. A three simple test rigs are built and used to identify the relationship between the motor input Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal and the angular velocity, the thrust force, and drag moment of the rotors. A simple algorithm is implemented to an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for estimating the attitude and altitude of the quadrotor. Experimental set up is built to verify and test the accuracy of these proposed techniques. A controller is designed based on the feedback linearization method such that the quadrotor attitude can be stabilized. Finally, the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques and the controller design.

关键词： Rotors Pulse width modulation Propellers Force Drag Angular velocity Assembly

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End-Point Regulation of a Flexible Robotic Manipulator under the Unknown Spatiotemporally Varying Disturbance

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2013年第20期46卷 713-718页

作者： Shuang Zhang Wei He Chang Liu Deqing Huang Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Robotics Institute and School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China Department of Aeronautics Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK

In this paper, the end-point regulation problem is investigated for a flexible robotic manipulator under the spatiotemporally varying disturbance. By using the Hamilton's principle, the dynamics of the flexible robotic manipulator are represented by one partial differential equation (PDE) and five ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Boundary control is developed to drive the manipulator to the desired set-point and simultaneously suppress the vibrations of the flexible link. Considering the unknown spatiotemporally varying disturbance, the developed boundary control schemes achieve uniform boundedness of the steady state error between the boundary payload and the desired position. Simulations are provided to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed control.

关键词： Flexible robotic manipulator distributed parameter system boundary control

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