We have taken up the challenge of integrating telemanipulation technology and autonomous system technology. We are seeking methods for integration at a fundamental rather than an ad-hoc level. We believe that success ...
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In Fourier optics, the Fourier transformation is performed on the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave, whereas in the computational method the transformation is usually applied to the grayness of its image which is ...
In Fourier optics, the Fourier transformation is performed on the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave, whereas in the computational method the transformation is usually applied to the grayness of its image which is proportional to the intensity of the electromagnetic signal.
The motion of an object to be manipulated is determined by the forces applied to the object. During a collision, impulsive forces may dominate all other forces, and determine the ultimate success or failure of a task....
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The motion of an object to be manipulated is determined by the forces applied to the object. During a collision, impulsive forces may dominate all other forces, and determine the ultimate success or failure of a task. More effective planning and control of manipulators should be possible if the impact process, including the effects of friction and elasticity, is better understood. This paper explores the planar impact of two objects, and develops simple graphical methods for predicting the mode of contact, the total impulse, and the resultant motions of the objects. In the special case of a perfectly plastic collision, the fundamental motion of the object-whether an angular acceleration will occur, and if so in what direction-is the same as predicted in earlier work on quasi-static pushing.
As a result of recent advances in artificial intelligence, human cognitive modelling, autonomous systems and telerobotics, there is an opportunity to broaden our concepts of technology for projecting action at a dista...
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As a result of recent advances in artificial intelligence, human cognitive modelling, autonomous systems and telerobotics, there is an opportunity to broaden our concepts of technology for projecting action at a distance. We draw on these advances to develop a conceptual and architectural framework that enables efficient projection in time and space of intermingled manipulation and cognition tasks. Where AI-based autonomous systems have previously been concerned with human supervisory intervention primarily at a cognitive level, we add methods for rendezvous, capture and rehandoff of embedded manipulation tasks. Where telerobotics has been concerned with the projection of sensory-motor manipulation, we add the projection of cognitive processing. Thus extended, the two technologies mirror one another and merge into one of "tele-autonomous systems". We introduce notions of how the sensory, cognitive and motor functions of tele-autonomous systems can be factored and transferred back and forth between human and machine. We illustrate how the times to complete tele-autonomous tasks can be reduced through time and space constraint relaxations effected through simple controls: We employ the concepts of forward simulation and predictor display, augmented by "time and position clutches", "time ratio controls" and "time brakes", to control the resulting manipulation paths and event transitions. We sketch some generic architectural and human interface implications of these methods. Finally, we describe our environment for exploring these methods and the results of some recent experiments.
This paper addresses the problem of extracting certain types of surfaces for 3-dimensional object recognition in the presence of partial occlusion and noise using range information. We restrict consideration to man ma...
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This paper addresses the problem of extracting certain types of surfaces for 3-dimensional object recognition in the presence of partial occlusion and noise using range information. We restrict consideration to man made industrial parts. In this case, we need only work with a small set of surface shapes such as planes, cylinders, and spheres since such shapes are common in industrial parts and it is only necessary to recognize and locate a sufficient set of surface regions to uniquely distinguish the part being observed from all others that might be present. We describe a way of extracting the parameters of these types of surfaces using normal analysis. The use of surface parameters then allows efficient and robust use of a matching process for object recognition and pose determination even though there are many undefined or occluded surface regions.
A new representation scheme PAR (Principal Axis Representation) for rotational parts is proposed as an internal representation scheme for Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG). The main idea of PAR is to represent uniquel...
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A new representation scheme PAR (Principal Axis Representation) for rotational parts is proposed as an internal representation scheme for Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG). The main idea of PAR is to represent uniquely an object by its principal axis and a set of boundary curves so that geometrical properties of the part can be easily computed. In his paper, the PAR scheme is first described and followed by a proof of its equivalence to the CSG scheme. Also proved is the uniqueness of the PAR scheme. Finally, an algorithm that converts a CGS representation into PAR is briefly discussed along with examples.
A graphical off-line robot programming system should not only be able to simulate various types of robot movement graphically, it should also be able to use graphics to interact with binary sensors, actuators and etc....
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A graphical off-line robot programming system should not only be able to simulate various types of robot movement graphically, it should also be able to use graphics to interact with binary sensors, actuators and etc., in order to simulate logic-related and other functions of robot languages, such as testing and branching, looping, communication and external event handling graphically. We present a graphical off-line robot programming system which has some of these additional features. In particular, it incorporates a geometrical representation of logical conditions into the geometrical representation of the robot and workspace and it allows conditional statements to be programmed in a geometric setting.
A study of some languages which may be used for expert system building is conducted. The characteristics necessary in an expert system building language are detailed. Languages that are unable to provide for many diff...
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This paper considers the problem of steering a redundant manipulator from an initial to a final position in the work space (Cartesian space). An optimal control approach is employed, to avoid obstacles in the work spa...
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This paper considers the problem of steering a redundant manipulator from an initial to a final position in the work space (Cartesian space). An optimal control approach is employed, to avoid obstacles in the work space and simultaneously avoid the kinematically singular configurations throughout the trajectory.
Biomedical workstations of the future will incorporate three-dimensional interactive capabilities which provide realtime response to most common operator requests. Such systems will find application in many areas of m...
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