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Data Augmentation via Face Morphing for Recognizing Intensities of Facial Emotions

IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 2023年第2期14卷 1228-1235页

作者： Huang, Tsung-Ren Hsu, Shin-Min Fu, Li-Chen National Taiwan University Department of Psychology Center for Artificial Intelligence & Advanced Robotics Taipei106319 Taiwan National Taiwan University Center for Artificial Intelligence & Advanced Robotics Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei106319 Taiwan

Being able to recognize emotional intensity is a desirable feature for a facial emotional recognition (FER) system. However, the development of such a feature is hindered by the paucity of intensity-labeled data for model training. To ameliorate the situation, the present study proposes using face morphing as a novel way of data augmentation to synthesize faces that express different degrees of a designated emotion. Such an approach has been successfully validated on humans and machines. Specifically, humans indeed perceived different levels of intensified emotions in these parametrically synthesized faces, and FER systems based on neural networks indeed showed improved sensitivities to intensities of different emotions when additionally trained on the synthesized faces. Overall, the proposed data augmentation method is not only simple and effective but also useful for building FER systems that recognize facial expressions of mixed emotions. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Face recognition

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Specular Region Detection and Covariant Feature Extraction 27th

Specular Region Detection and Covariant Feature Extraction

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Bappy, D.M. Kang, Donghwa Lee, Jinkyu Lee, Youngmoon Koo, Minsuk Baek, Hyeongboo Department of Computer Science and Engineering Incheon National University Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea Republic of Department of Robotics Hanyang University Ansan Korea Republic of Department of Artificial Intelligence University of Seoul Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9783031781971

Endoscopy images pose a distinct set of challenges, such as specularity, uniformity, and deformation, which can obstruct surgeons’ observations and decision-making processes. These hurdles complicate feature extraction and may ultimately lead to the failure of a surgical navigation system. To tackle these obstacles, we introduce a Modified Maximal Stable Extremal Region (MMSER) detector that specifically targets fine specular regions. Subsequently, we ingeniously fuse the capabilities of MMSER and saturation region properties to precisely identify specular regions within endoscopy images. Furthermore, our approach harnesses the shared properties of covariant features and endoscopic imaging to detect features in intricate regions, such as low-textured and deformed areas. Surpassing contemporary methods, our proposed technique demonstrates remarkable performance when evaluated on the available CVC-ClinicSpec datasets. Our method has shown improvements in accuracy, recall, f1-score, and Jaccard index by 0.21%,25.42%,7.77% snd 11.77%, respectively, when compared to recent techniques. Owing to its exceptional ability to accurately pinpoint specular regions and extract features from complex areas, our approach holds the potential to significantly advance surgical navigation. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Endoscopy

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Deep Prior Based Limited-Angle Tomography 27th

Deep Prior Based Limited-Angle Tomography

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Bappy, D.M. Kang, Donghwa Lee, Jinkyu Lee, Youngmoon Baek, Hyeongboo Department of Computer Science and Engineering Incheon National University Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea Republic of Department of Robotics Hanyang University Ansan Korea Republic of Department of Artificial Intelligence University of Seoul Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9783031781940

In the process of reconstructing images from data acquired within a limited angular range, we encounter what is termed limited-angle tomography. The deficiency of complete data in this context results in artifacts, commonly appearing as streaks or missing structures, which can significantly compromise the quality of the reconstructed slice. This degradation gives rise to issues such as boundary distortion, blurred edges, and intensity bias, potentially leading to misinterpretation of the images. Hence, addressing artifacts in limited-angle tomography is crucial for clinical applications. Although deep learning-based reconstruction has shown impressive results in recent times, concerns about its robustness persist. To bolster the robustness of our proposed technique, we integrate prior information from a modified U-net with preprocessed input into the Relative Variation - Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (RV-SART) to provide insights into unmeasured data. Subsequently, the method extracts structure from the initially reconstructed slice through structure-texture decomposition. This process facilitates the reconstruction of high-quality CT images while suppressing pattern-like artifacts. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach surpasses both traditional and state-of-the-art learning techniques in terms of reconstruction quality and preservation of fine structures in noisy limited-angle reconstruction problems. Our technique provides improvements over the recent LRIP-net for a 90-degree scanning range in quantitative metrics such as PSNR by 17.48%, RMSE by 46.36%, and SSIM by 6.18%. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Stress Detection Using CNN on the WESAD Dataset 4

Stress Detection Using CNN on the WESAD Dataset

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4th International Conference on Emerging Systems and Intelligent Computing, ESIC 2024

作者： Shirley Benita, D. Shamila Ebenezer, A. Susmitha, L. Subathra, M.S.P. Jeba Priya, S. Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Department of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore India Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Departnemt of Robotics Engineering Coimbatore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349856

Stress, a pervasive psychological state, profoundly impacts individuals' well-being and may lead to various health issues. In this paper, the WESAD (Wearable Stress and Affect Detection) dataset serves as the primary data source, from which HRV (Heart Rate Variability) data extracted using PPG (Photoplethysmography) sensor is utilized. This data can be obtained in a non-invasive method and is instrumental in this analysis. The dataset comprises HRV data from 15 individual test subjects obtained from PPG sensors, providing a crucial foundation for the detection and classification of individuals into 'stressed' or 'not stressed' categories, thus offering a valuable tool for stress monitoring. This paper is a focused exploration into the CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) Deep Learning model, in which the feature selection process is carried out using Random Forest resulting in the selection of HR (Heart Rate), LF_BOXCOX (Low-Frequency Component - Box-Cox Transformed), MEDIAN_RR (Median of RR Intervals), SDI_BOXCOX (Standard Deviation 1 - Box-Cox Transformed), and SDRR_REL_RR (Standard Deviation of Relative RR Intervals) to optimize the model's performance. The model aims at advancing and refining stress detection methodologies to enhance overall well-being and achieves an accuracy of 98%. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Stresses

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Advanced Endoscopy Imaging with Automatic Feedback 27th

Advanced Endoscopy Imaging with Automatic Feedback

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

ISBN: (纸本)9783031781940

As we move towards a future where minimally invasive methods become the norm for surgeries and diagnostic procedures, it is increasingly vital to improve our strategies for viewing the organs and complex structures within our bodies. Image stitching presents an enticing solution, expanding our field of view by seamlessly weaving together a sequence of images. While existing stitching techniques do lean on the capabilities of endoscopy imaging, they, unfortunately, overlook the critical need for automated feedback when grappling with the complexities and challenges innate to endoscopy imaging. these methods struggle to stand firm against deformations and regions with low texture. In this paper, we introduce a robust endoscopic image-stitching algorithm designed to thrive in adversity. Its unique resilience to deformations and low-texture regions is reinforced by the inclusion of a radial basis function weighting that is paired harmoniously with location-dependent homography based on the corresponding locations of the strong features extracted by affine shape-adapted Hessian-Laplace detector. Crucially, this algorithm is steered by a sophisticated automatic feedback mechanism. This feedback system makes astute evaluations based on an image quality metric and the structural comparison between the sequences of endoscopy images. We have thoroughly validated the efficacy of our new approach using two public datasets, namely EndoSLAM and EndoAbS, under demanding conditions. The results eloquently illustrate the superior benefits of our technique. Our proposed method surpasses commonly employed techniques, delivering superior performance in quantitative metrics, including precision at 30.07%, recall at 114.89%, F1-score at 84.62%, and TRE at 46.07%. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Endoscopy

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Hand Gestures and Machine Learning: A Novel Path to Number Prediction

Hand Gestures and Machine Learning: A Novel Path to Number P...

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2023 International Conference on Recent Advances in science and engineering Technology, ICRASET 2023

作者： Karegoudra, Shilpa Veeresha, R.K. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Udupi574110 India Department of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Udupi574110 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350306927

The gesture-based communication system proves highly valuable for individuals who are almost deaf and discourse disabled. It allows them to convey messages effectively through gestures. The objective of this application is to provide a platform that accurately interprets these signs, enabling regular individuals to understand the gestures. The system detects and recognizes the gestures and displays the corresponding characters. This technology, which utilizes the PCA method, achieves comparable accuracy to other existing systems and methods. The system we have developed plays a crucial role in enabling individuals to understand and communicate like normal people using static gestures. While various proposals exist for gesture systems with specific languages like ASL, ISL, etc., we introduce a new set of static gestures using MATLAB, building upon existing systems. The system involves capturing input through a camera, after which the system applies preprocessing techniques to enhance the captured image. Next, a set of features is extracted from the preprocessed image using PCA (Principal Component Analysis). To identify the gestures, the system compares these features with those in the training sets, using the Euclidean Distance method. Our hand gesture system has been designed to recognize and interpret numbers from 0 to 5. Once a gesture is identified, the system can produce the output in the form of text ensuring effective communication for the users. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Principal component analysis

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Test-Time Adaptation for Nighttime Color-Thermal Semantic Segmentation

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第10期5卷 4893-4904页

作者： Liu, Yexin Zhang, Weiming Zhao, Guoyang Zhu, Jinjing Vasilakos, Athanasios V. Wang, Lin Robotics and Autonomous Systems Thrust Guangzhou511458 China Grimstad4879 Norway Artificial Intelligence Thrust Guangzhou511458 China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong

The ability to scene understanding in adverse visual conditions, e.g., nighttime, has sparked active research for color-thermal semantic segmentation. However, it is essentially hampered by two critical problems: 1) the day-night gap of color images is larger than that of thermal images;and 2) the classwise performance of color images at night is not consistently higher or lower than that of thermal images. We propose the first test-time adaptation (TTA) framework, dubbed Night-TTA, to address the problems for nighttime color-thermal semantic segmentation without access to the source (daytime) data during adaptation. Our method enjoys three key technical parts. First, as one modality (e.g., color) suffers from a larger domain gap than that of the other (e.g., thermal), imaging heterogeneity refinement (IHR) employs an interaction branch on the basis of color and thermal branches to prevent cross-modal discrepancy and performance degradation. Then, class aware refinement (CAR) is introduced to obtain reliable ensemble logits based on pixel-level distribution aggregation of the three branches. In addition, we also design a specific learning scheme for our TTA framework, which enables the ensemble logits and three student logits to collaboratively learn to improve the quality of predictions during the testing phase of our Night-TTA. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art (SoTA) performance with a 13.07% boost in mean intersection over union (mIoU). © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Color

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OFDM-structure based waveform designs for integrated sensing and communication

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 267-284页

作者： Jiaqi LIU Ping YANG Ke JIANG Jiarong ZHAO Wei XIANG Jianping WEI Ruixiang DUAN Saviour ZAMMIT Tony Q.S.QUEK National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Sciences La Trobe University Meituan Academy of Robotics Department of Communications and Computer Engineering University of Malta Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design

The future sixth-generation(6G) paradigm aims to seamlessly integrate communication and environmental sensing capabilities into a single radio signal, promising improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness through simultaneous data communications and environmental perception. At the core of this evolution, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) and its advanced waveforms emerge as pivotal for integrated sensing and communications(ISAC). This study introduces a concise and unified ISAC waveform design framework based on orthogonal multicarriers. This framework supports versatile applications of OFDM and its derivative waveforms within a generalized ISAC system, marking a significant leap in integrating communication and sensing capabilities. A distinguishing feature of this framework is its adaptability,allowing users to intelligently select modulation strategies based on their specific environmental needs. This adaptability optimizes performance across diverse scenarios. Central to our innovations is the proposal of discrete Fourier transformspread OFDM with index modulation(DFT-S-OFDM-IM). This framework is paired with newly proposed signal processing methods for single-input single-output and multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems. Extensive evaluations highlight DFT-S-OFDM-IM's superiority, including dramatically reduced peak-to-average power ratios(PAPRs), competitive communication performance, and exceptional sensing capabilities, striking an elegant balance between communication capacity and environmental sensing precision.

关键词： DFT-S-OFDM-IM index modulation integrated sensing and communication OFDM

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DeepRice: A deep learning and deep feature based classification of Rice leaf disease subtypes

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： P.Isaac Ritharson Kumudha Raimond X.Anitha Mary Jennifer Eunice Robert Andrew J Department of CSE Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences CoimbatoreTamilnaduIndia Department of Robotics Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and SciencesCoimbatoreIndia Department of Mechatronics Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India

Rice stands as a crucial staple food globally,with its enduring sustainability hinging on the prompt detection of rice leaf ***,efficiently detecting diseases when they have already occurred holds paramount importance for solving the cost of manual visual identification and chemical *** the recent past,the identification of leaf pathologies in crops predominantly relies on manual methods using specialized equipment,which proves to be time-consuming and *** study offers a remedy by harnessing Deep Learning(DL)and transfer learning techniques to accurately identify and classify rice leaf diseases.A comprehensive dataset comprising 5932 self-generated images of rice leaves was assembled along with the benchmark datasets,categorized into 9 classes irrespective of the extent of disease spread across the *** classes encompass diverse states including healthy leaves,mild and severe blight,mild and severe tungro,mild and severe blast,as well as mild and severe brown *** meticulous manual labelling and dataset segmentation,which was validated by horticulture experts,data augmentation strategies were implemented to amplify the number of *** datasets were subjected to evaluation using the proposed tailored Convolutional Neural Networks *** performance are scrutinized in conjunction with alternative transfer learning approaches like VGG16,Xception,ResNet50,DenseNet121,Inception ResnetV2,and Inception *** effectiveness of the proposed custom VGG16 model was gauged by its capacity to generalize to unseen images,yielding an exceptional accuracy of 99.94%,surpassing the benchmarks set by existing state-of-the-art ***,the layer wise feature extraction is also visualized as the interpretable AI.

关键词： Rice leaf disease Deep learning CNN Crop yield Agriculture Food security

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Configurable Dynamics of Electromagnetic Suspension by Fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno Controller 21st

Configurable Dynamics of Electromagnetic Suspension by Fuzzy...

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21st Polish Control Conference, PCC 2023

作者： Pilat, Adam Krzysztof Milanowski, Hubert Bieszczad, Rafal Sikora, Bartiomiej Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH-University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031351693

This elaboration presents the synthesis of the Takagi-Sugeno type Fuzzy Logic controller realizing the programmable parameters of the state feedback controller together with the steady state current for the active magnetic levitation system. Closed-loop dynamics was calculated precisely with respect to the requested dynamics. Two cases were considered: fixed-and variable-closed-loop dynamics. The Fuzzy Logic Controller was considered under four scenarios with linear, nonlinear, and constant in-range output. The study was supported by simulations and experimental investigations. The position of the levitating sphere stands as an illustration of the system in operation. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： Dynamics

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