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Recent Developments in Metallic Degradable Micromotors for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications

Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 1-35页

作者： Sourav Dutta Seungmin Noh Roger Sanchis Gual Xiangzhong Chen Salvador Pané Bradley J.Nelson Hongsoo Choi Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988Republic of Korea DGIST‑ETH Microrobotics Research Center DGISTDaegu 42988Republic of Korea Multi‑Scale Robotics Lab Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Optoelectronics State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and TechnologyShanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and PerceptionFudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China

Synthetic micromotor has gained substantial attention in biomedicine and environmental ***-based degradable micromotor composed of magnesium(Mg),zinc(Zn),and iron(Fe)have promise due to their nontoxic fuel-free propulsion,favorable biocompatibility,and safe excretion of degradation products Recent advances in degradable metallic micromotor have shown their fast movement in complex biological media,efficient cargo delivery and favorable biocompatibility.A noteworthy number of degradable metal-based micromotors employ bubble propulsion,utilizing water as fuel to generate hydrogen *** novel feature has projected degradable metallic micromotors for active in vivo drug delivery *** addition,understanding the degradation mechanism of these micromotors is also a key parameter for their design and *** propulsion efficiency and life span govern the overall performance of a degradable metallic *** we review the design and recent advancements of metallic degradable ***,we describe the controlled degradation,efficient in vivo drug delivery,and built-in acid neutralization capabilities of degradable micromotors with versatile biomedical ***,we discuss micromotors’efficacy in detecting and destroying environmental ***,we address the limitations and future research directions of degradable metallic micromotors.

关键词： Magnesium Zinc Iron Biodegradable microrobot Biomedical Environmental

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Ferroelectric composite-based piezoelectric energy harvester for selfpowered detection of obstructive sleep

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Journal of Materiomics 2023年第4期9卷 609-617页

作者： Swati Panda Hyoju Shin Sugato Hajra Yumi Oh Wonjeong Oh Jeonghyeon Lee P.M.Rajaitha Basanta Kumar Panigrahi Jyoti Shukla Alok Kumar Sahu Perumal Alagarsamy Hoe Joon Kim Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu42988South Korea Department of Electrical Engineering Siksha‘O’Anusandhan UniversityBhubaneswar751030India Department of Electrical Engineering Poornima College of EngineeringJaipur303903India Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology-GuwahatiAssam781039India Robotics and Mechatronics Research Center Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu42988South Korea

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramic is a promising material for energy harvesters,as they have superior electromechanical,ferroelectric,and piezoelectric *** addition,piezoelectric ceramics can be blended with polymer to achieve high-flexibility polymer-ceramic composites,providing mechanical robustness and *** this context,a new lead-free ferroelectric material,having the chemical formula SrTi_(2)O_(5)(STO),was synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state *** analyses of the structural,morphological,and electrical properties of the synthesized material were *** crystallizes with orthorhombic symmetry and space group of *** frequency and temperature-dependent dielectric parameters were evaluated,and impedance spectroscopy shed light on the charge *** PDMS-STO composites at different mass fraction of the STO were prepared using a solvent casting route,and a corresponding piezoelectric nanogenerator(PENG)was *** electrical output of the different PENG by varying massfractions of STO in PDMS and varying force were *** 15%(in mass)PENG device delivered the highest peak-to-peak voltage,current,and power density of 25 V,92 nA,and 0.64 mW@500 MU,*** biomechanical energy harvesting using the PENG device by daily human motions,bending of the device,and attaching the device to laboratory equipment was *** the PENG device was attached to the human throat region,and snoring signals were recorded.A classification model was designed employing the convolutional neural network(CNN)*** have been laid to differentiate between normal and abnormal snores,which could help the patient with screening and early disease detection,contributing to self-powered healthcare applications.

关键词： Lead-free Ferroelectric Nanogenerator Sleepdisorder

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Reply to comment on “Ferroelectric composite-based piezoelectric energy harvester for self-powered detection of obstructive sleep” by A. Tkach and O. Okhay

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第5期10卷 1160-1164页

作者： Swati Panda Hyoju Shin Sugato Hajra Yumi Oh Wonjeong Oh Jeonghyeon Lee P.M.Rajaitha Basanta Kumar Panigrahi Jyoti Shukla Alok Kumar Sahu Perumal Alagarsamy Hoe Joon Kim Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988South Korea Department of Electrical Engineering Siksha‘O’Anusandhan UniversityBhubaneswar 751030India Department of Electrical Engineering Poornima College of EngineeringJaipur 303903India Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology-GuwahatiAssam 781039India Robotics and Mechatronics Research Center Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988South Korea

In this contribution,we reply to comments made by Tkach et *** our publication *** 2023;9:*** main interest of our work is to synthesize a lead-free material,SrTi_(2)O_(5)(STO),and then utilize it in the formation of composites and finally design the piezoelectric nanogenerator(PENG)for self-powered sensor *** authors have observed the presence of piezoelectric voltage and current output from the *** authors humbly indicate that the PENG devices were poled using a DC poling setup as conditions mentioned in *** 2023;9:609(Panda et al.,2023)[1].The doping of STO into the PDMS increased from 2% to 20%(in mass).In this process,the piezoelectric output of the PENG device was observed to be highest for 15%(in mass)STO-PDMS ***,we agree with the comment raised by Tkach et al.,and further we have addressed the issues in a step-by-step response as follows.

关键词： Ferroelectric Lead-free Piezoelectric Polycrystalline

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Elliptical Magnetic Nanoparticle Swarm Formation by an Artificial Neural Network-Based Rotating Magnetic Field

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IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and engineering 2025年 22卷 16692-16703页

作者： Jongwon Park Uijeong Lee Yunjae Hwang Dahye Lee Sarmad Ahmad Abbasi Hongsoo Choi School of Undergraduate Studies Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu Republic of Korea Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering and the DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Daegu South Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA

Biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) swarm control rely on precise manipulation of the swarm using magnetic fields. This approach improves the accessibility and maneuverability of the swarm and enhances targeted therapies and drug delivery. In this study, we applied artificial intelligence to control the shape of elliptical MNP swarms by adjusting the parameters of a rotating magnetic field (RMF). The resulting RMF controlled the major axis and slant angle of the ellipse-shaped swarm. We constructed a dataset of diverse swarm shapes and corresponding RMF parameters, and applied it to train an artificial neural network (ANN). The trained ANN was used to predict the experimental RMF parameters required to achieve the desired shapes of elliptical MNP swarms. After ANN training, differences between the predicted and actual root mean square error (RMSE) values were evaluated to verify the model. The RMSEs of the major and minor axis lengths and slant angle were 0.21 mm, 0.06 mm, and 6.01°, respectively. This simple, inference-based approach to swarm formation yielded higher swarm formation accuracy and allowed fine control of the swarm. Note to Practitioners—Magnetic nanoparticle swarms have shown good potential for precise and non-invasive targeted drug delivery and therapies. The motivation for this work originates from the need for a faster and more efficient process of generating magnetic nanoparticle swarms and their shape control. Currently used approaches for swarm formation rely on generating a table of rotating field parameters corresponding to different swarm shapes and size or automatic closed loop controllers. These processes are slow and can result in collapse of swarm shape due to instantaneous change in the rotating magnetic field parameters. To tackle these drawbacks, we propose a machine learning based model for swarm formation and shape control. The trained artificial neural network not only enabled faster swarm formation due to its fa

关键词： Magnetic fields Shape Artificial neural networks Force Artificial intelligence Training Magnetic nanoparticles Torque Shape control Real-time systems

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An economical, Lego-like approach for real-time magnetic field mapping (MagMaps) using commercial magnetic sensors

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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2022年 1-1页

作者： Ahmed, Awais Abbasi, Sarmad Ahmad Gharamaleki, Nader Latifi Kim, Jin-Young Choi, Hongsoo Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering and DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Daegu South Korea

Magnetic field mapping is tedious;a magnetometer probe collects magnetic field data in a point-by-point manner within a two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) space. Magnetometer arrays accelerate this process by replacing point-by-point mapping with plane-by-plane mapping. When mapping a large space, a motorized stage is additionally required;the limitations include power inefficiencies, large footprints, cost, and the absence of real-time data acquisition. Here, we introduce MagMaps, a modular Lego-like approach to magnetic field mapping that overcomes the limitations described above. MagMaps includes a set of physically identical modules termed “MagBricks” that can be stacked in all three axes (similar to Lego bricks);this covers the region of interest and eliminates the need for a motorized stage. Each MagBrick is an independent enslaved module with a unique address, having a microcontroller that continuously acquires magnetic field data from a magnetometer array. An additional brick termed the “MasterBrick” serves as a bridge between the computer and the MagBricks. The MasterBrick collects magnetic field data from uniquely addressed MagBricks and communicates them to a computer, where they are sorted and displayed in real-time. This modular Lego-like approach and the use of only off-the-shelf electronic components allows MagMaps to offer real-time magnetic field mapping that is portable, power-efficient, and economical for various 2D or 3D spaces. IEEE

关键词： Real time systems

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Squid-inspired and wirelessly controllable display for active camouflage in aquatic-environment

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npj Flexible Electronics 2024年第1期8卷 900-909页

作者： Doyoung Kim Seung Won Seon Minkyung Shin Jihwan Kim Bogeun Kim Janghoon Joo Sang Uk Park Wooseok Kim Hee Kyu Lee Byeong Woon Lee Se Gi Lee Su Eon Lee Ji-Hun Seo Seung Ho Han Bong Hoon Kim Sang Min Won Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon 16419Republic of Korea Department of Smart Wearable Engineering Soongsil UniversitySeoul 06978Republic of Korea Electronic Convergence Materials and Devices Research Center Korea Electronics Technology Institute(KETI)Seongnam 13509Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering DGISTDaegu 42988Republic of Korea

Achieving optimal camouflage in an aquatic environment necessitates the ability to modulate transmittance in response to the surrounding obscurity and potential *** adaptation involves a dynamic transition from transparency to a deep-blue color,especially in low-light or dark *** a strategy promotes a seamless assimilation with the surroundings,enabling the absorption of searchlights and,subsequently,diminishing the risk of detection by ***,the presence of sophisticated mechanisms that facilitates stable and efficient control of transmittance is imperative,enabling smooth transition between transparent and deep-blue hues within the aquatic *** study presents nature-inspired programmable camouflage system that integrates an electrochromic display as the primary transmittance change element and a wireless base module for power and data *** technology offers a robust and flexible construction,ensuring stable operation as demonstrated through mechanical-fatigue experiments and quantitative simulation.A custom circuit and a power-control software package enable active control of multiple electrochromic displays while submerged in water.

关键词： transparency submerged lights

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Unleashing the potential of morphotropic phase boundary based hybrid triboelectric–piezoelectric nanogenerator

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第4期10卷 792-802页

作者： Sugato Hajra Aneeta Manjari Padhan Basanta Kumar Panigrahi Phakkhananan Pakawanit Zvonko Jagličić Naratip Vittayakorn Yogendra Kumar Mishra Sanghoon Lee Hoe Joon Kim Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and TechnologyDaegu42988Republic of Korea Department of Electrical Engineering Siksha O Anusandhan UniversityBhubaneswar751030India Synchrotron Research and Applications Division Synchrotron Light Research InstituteNakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand Institute of Mathematics Physics and Mechanics&Faculty of Civil and Geodetic EngineeringUniversity of LjubljanaJadranska191000LjubljanaSlovenia Advanced Materials Research Unit Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangBangkok10520Thailand Mads Clausen Institute NanoSYDUniversity of Southern DenmarkAlsion 26400SønderborgDenmark Robotics and Mechatronics Research Center Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea

Morphotropic phase boundary(MPB)-based ceramics are excellent for energy harvesting due to their enhanced physical properties at phase boundaries,broad operating temperature range,and ability to customize properties for efficient conversion of mechanical energy into electrical *** this work,Bi_(1–x)Na_(x)Fe_(1–x)Nb_(x)O_(3)(x=0.20,0.30,0.32 and 0.40,BNFNO abbreviation)based ceramics were synthesized using a solid-state route and blended with Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)to achieve flexible *** material characterization and energy harvesting were performed by designing a hybrid piezoelectric(PENG)-triboelectric(TENG)*** voltage and current of PENG,TENG,and hybrid bearing same device area(2 cm×2 cm)were recorded as 11 V/0.3μA;60 V/0.7μA;110 V/2.2μ*** strategies for enhancing the output performance of the hybrid device were evaluated,such as increased surface area(creating micro-roughness and porous morphology)and increasing electrode size and multi-layer hybrid device *** self-powered acceleration monitoring was demonstrated using the hybrid ***,the low-frequency-based wave energy is converted into electrical energy,confirming the usage of hybrid PENG-TENG devices as a base for battery-free sensors and blue energy harvesting.

关键词： Lead-free Acceleration Wave energy Morphotropic

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Active-type piezoelectric smart textiles with antifouling performance for pathogenic control

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npj Flexible Electronics 2024年第1期8卷 223-232页

作者： Su Eon Lee Hanna Lee Jang Hwan Kim Jae Chul Park Sooah Kyung Hayoung Choi Su Hyun Baek Jun Hyun Park Sohyun Park Jeong-Min Kim Hye-Jun Jo Seung Hyeon Cho Jiwoong Kim Hojun Kim Seung Ho Han Jun Kyun Oh Bong Hoon Kim Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering DGISTDaegu42988Republic of Korea Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Dankook UniversityYongin16890Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Ajou UniversitySuwon16499Republic of Korea Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition KISTSeoul02792Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Soongsil UniversitySeoul06978Republic of Korea Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases KDCACheongju28159Republic of Korea Safety Measurement Institute Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS)Daejeon34113Republic of Korea Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology KIST SchoolUST02792 SeoulRepublic of Korea Electronic Convergence Materials&Devices Research Center Korea Electronics Technology Institute(KETI)13509 SeongnamRepublic of Korea

Recently,an investigation into preventive measures for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has garnered considerable ***,strategies for the proactive prevention of viral pathogens have also attracted significant interest in the field of wearable devices and electronic textiles research,particularly due to their potential applications in personal protective *** this study,we introduce smart textiles designed with optimized piezoelectric devices that exhibit antifouling performance against microorganisms and actively inactivate *** active-type smart textiles,which incorporate advanced lead zirconate titanate(PZT)ceramics,a stretchable interconnector array,and polymeric fabric,demonstrate effective antifouling capabilities,detaching approximately90%of Escherichia coli and75%of ***,they inactivate viruses,releasing~26.8 ng of N protein from ruptured SARS-CoV-2,using ultrasonic waves within the wearable *** results show that piezoelectric smart textiles significantly reduce the spread of COVID-19 by leveraging the electrical and acoustic properties of PZT ceramics.

关键词： textiles smart piezoelectric

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2D MoS_(2) Helical Liquid Crystalline Fibers for Multifunctional Wearable Sensors

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2024年第6期6卷 1813-1824页

作者： Jun Hyun Park Jang Hwan Kim Su Eon Lee Hyokyeong Kim Heo Yeon Lim Ji Sung Park Taeyeong Yun Jinyong Lee Simon Kim Ho Jun Jin Kyeong Jun Park Heemin Kang Hoe Joon Kim Hyeong Min Jin Jiwoong Kim Sang Ouk Kim Bong Hoon Kim Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering DGISTDaegu 42988Republic of Korea Present Address:Platform Technology R&D Center LG ChemistrySeoul 07795Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Soongsil UniversitySeoul 06978Republic of Korea Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering Soongsil UniversitySeoul 06978Republic of Korea Nano Convergence Technology Research Center Korea Electronics Technology Institute(KETI)Gyeonggi‑do 13509Republic of Korea Department of Green Chemistry and Materials Engineering Soongsil UniversitySeoul 06978Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi‑Dimensional Directed Nanoscale AssemblyKAIST Institute for NanocenturyKAISTDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea Department of Organic Materials Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chungnam National University99 Daehak‑roYuseong‑guDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea

Fiber-based material systems are emerging as key elements for next-generation wearable devices due to their remarkable advantages,including large mechanical deformability,breathability,and high ***,greatly improved mechani-cal stability has been established in functional fiber systems by introducing atomic-thick two-dimensional(2D)*** development of intelligent fibers that can respond to various external stimuli is strongly needed for versatile *** this work,helical-shaped semiconductive fibers capable of multifunctional sensing are obtained by wet-spinning MoS_(2) liquid crystal(LC)*** mechanical properties of the MoS_(2) fibers were improved by exploiting high-purity LC dispersions consisting of uniformly-sized MoS_(2) ***,three-dimensional(3D)helical fibers with structural chirality were successfully constructed by controlling the wet-spinning process *** helical fibers exhibited multifunctional sensing characteristics,including(1)photodetection,(2)pH monitoring,(3)gas detection,and(4)3D strain sensing.2D materials with semiconducting properties as well as abundant surface reactive sites enable smart multifunctionalities in one-dimensional(1D)and helical fiber geometry,which is potentially useful for diverse applications such as wearable internet of things(IoT)devices and soft robotics.

关键词： Molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)) Liquid crystal(LC) Two-dimensional(2D)material Sensor Fiber

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Intelligent block copolymer self-assembly towards IoT hardware components

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering

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Nature Reviews Electrical engineering 2024年第2期1卷 124-138页

作者： Geon Gug Yang Hee Jae Choi Jang Hwan Kim Sang Ouk Kim Sheng Li Kyeongha Kwon Hyeong Min Jin Bong Hoon Kim National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly Department of Materials Science and Engineering KAIST Daejeon Republic of Korea Institute for NanoCentry KAIST Daejeon Republic of Korea Materials Creation Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering KAIST Daejeon Republic of Korea School of Electrical Engineering KAIST Daejeon Republic of Korea Department of Organic Materials Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering DGIST Daegu Republic of Korea

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as the principal element for hyperconnectivity in the era of the fourth industrial revolution, in which low-power and self-sustainable operation, miniaturization and communication are the main requirements for advanced systems. Highly functional nanoscale structures, together with fabrication processes on the sub-100-nm scale, can be useful for the development of versatile miniaturized IoT devices. In this Perspective, we introduce block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly as a tool for the fabrication of high-performance IoT hardware components. Tailored material design of BCPs in terms of chemical diversity and molecular architectures enables the dense integration of physical and chemical functionalities below the tens of nanometres scale. BCPs can be used as nanoscale templates for surface nanopatterning, as soft 3D nanoporous structures or as nanopatterned substrates for spatially selective chemical functionalities. We summarize advances in technological areas relevant to the IoT, such as sensing, energy harvesting, user interfaces and information security systems. We also consider the limitations and open challenges that must be addressed, and we outline future research directions towards the use of BCP assembly for the next generation of IoT systems.

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