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The characteristics and risk factors for HIV infection among Beijing drug users in different settings

Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2011年第1期113卷 37-45页

作者： Wang, Haibo Li, Guiying Brown, Katherine Smith, Kumi Jin, Xia Dong, Ruiling Wang, Ning Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 27 Nanwei Rd Beijing 100050 PR China Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention 16 Hepingli ZhongJie Beijing 100013 PR China National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 155 Changbai Road Changping District Beijing 102206 PR China University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health Department of Epidemiology Chapel Hill NC 27599-7435 United States Shenzhen International Travel Health Care Center Shenzhen Port Hospital Shenghuo District HuangGang Port Shenzhen 518033 PR China

Abstract Background Treatment for drug addiction in China can take place in mandatory detoxification centers (MDC), voluntary detoxification centers (VDC), or at outreach programs located in the community. To date little is known about HIV prevalence or associated risk factors among the current and past drug users (DU) in each setting. Methods Cross-sectional surveys were conducted at three different settings in Beijing, China; 795 subjects were enrolled at MDC, 824 at VDC, and 520 within the community. Subjects who provided informed consent took part in face-to-face interviews and provided blood samples for HIV and syphilis testing. Results Significant differences were found across enrollment sites in terms of demographic, drug use and sexual behavior characteristics. Overall HIV sero-prevalence was 2.9%, and was particularly high in MDC (5.2% versus 1.0% in VDC and 2.3% among community drug users). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for HIV infection were 50.5 (95% CI: 19.07–133.85) for being of Yi ethnicity, 29.4 (95% CI: 15.10–57.24) for Uyghur ethnicity, 3.4 (95% CI: 1.57–7.52) for injection drug users who did not share equipment, and 18.8 (95% CI: 8.31–42.75) among injection drug users who shared injection equipment. Conclusions The vast differences among DU in various enrollment sites in terms of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and HIV related risk profiles underscore the importance of familiarity with population characteristics and drug user environment to better inform targeted prevention programs. prevention programs targeting DU in Chinese settings must also consider differences in ethnicities, culture, and residential status.

关键词： Drug use Detoxification centers HIV China

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HLA-DR expression on regulatory T cells is closely associated with the global immune activation in HIV-1 infected subjects naive to antiretroviral therapy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第15期124卷 2340-2346页

作者： XIAO Jian QIAN Ke-lei CAO Qing-hua QIU Chen-li QIU Cao XUE Yi-le ZHANG Xiao-yan ZHONG Ping XU Jian-qing LI Ming-yuan WANG Ying Department of Microbiology West China School of preclimcal and Forensic Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China Department of AIDS/STD Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 200336 China Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai 201508 China

Background The frequencies of regulatory T cells （Tregs） increased over the HIV infection but its counts actually decreased. We proposed that the decrease of Treg counts may cause the reduction of inhibitory effect and thereby account for the over-activation of Tregs during HIV infection. However, it remains unknown whether Tregs are also over-activated and thereafter the activation induced death may lead to the decrease of Tregs. Methods Tregs were defined as CD4＋CD25＋CD127lo/-T cells. Eighty-one HIV-1 infected patients were enrolled in our study, and twenty-two HIV-1 seronegative donors were recruited as the control. The levels of HLA-DR on Tregs were determined by FACSAria flow cytometer. Results Compared to HIV-1 seronegative donors, the levels of HLA-DR on CD4＋CD25＋CD127lo/- Tregs were significantly increased in HIV-1 infected patients, and its increase was positively associated with viral loads （r=0.3163, P=-0.004） and negatively with CD4 T-cell counts （r=-0.4153, P 〈0.0001）. In addition, significant associations between HLA-DR expression on CD4＋CD25＋CD127lo/- Tregs and the percentages of HLA-DR, CD38, Ki67 expressing CD4＋ and CD8＋ T cells were also identified. Conclusion HLA-DR on Tregs is a good marker for viral replication and disease progression. The over-activation of Tregs might result in the decrease of Tregs.

关键词： human immunodeficiency virus type 1 T-lymphocytes, regulatory HLA-DR antigens immune activation

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The clinical significance of CD4 counts in asian and caucasian HIV-infected populations: Results from TAHOD and AHOD

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Journal of the International Association of Physicians in aids Care 2011年第3期10卷 160-170页

作者： Achhra, Amit C. Zhou, Jialun Choi, Jun Yong Hoy, Jennifer Zhang, Fujie Templeton, David J. Merati, Tuti Woolley, Ian Petoumenos, Kathy Amin, Janaki National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research Faculty of Medicine UNSW Sydney Australia Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea Infectious Diseases Unit Alfred Hospital Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Yunnan China RPA Sexual Health Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney Australia Faculty of Medicine Udayana University Sanglah Hospital Bali Indonesia Infectious Diseases Department Monash Medical Centre Monash University Clayton VIC Australia National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

The significance of interethnic variation in CD4 counts between Asian and Caucasian populations is not known. Patients on combination antiretroviral therapy from Treat Asia and Australian HIV Observational Databases (TAHOD, predominantly Asian, n = 3356;and AHOD, predominantly Caucasian, n = 2312, respectively) were followed for 23 144 person-years for aids/death and all-cause mortality endpoints. We calculated incidence-rates and used adjusted Cox regression to test for the interaction between cohort (TAHOD/AHOD) and time-updated CD4 count category (lagged by 3 months) for each of the endpoints. There were 382 aids/death events in TAHOD (rate: 4.06, 95%CI: 3.68-4.50) and 305 in AHOD (rate: 2.39, 95%CI: 2.13-2.67), per 100 person-years. At any given CD4 count category, the incidence-rates of endpoints were found to be similar between TAHOD and AHOD (in the adjusted models, P >.05 for the interaction term between cohort type and latest CD4 counts). At any given CD4 count, risk of aids or death was not found to vary by ethnicity, suggesting that the CD4 count thresholds for predicting outcomes defined in Caucasian populations may be equally valid in Asian populations. © The Author(s) 2011.

关键词： Asians Caucasian race CD4 counts cohort analysis ethnicity

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Serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 as a prognostic factorin cholangiocarcinoma: A meta-analysis

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Frontiers of Medicine 2010年第4期4卷 457-462页

作者： Shang-Long LIU Zi-Fang SONG Qing-Gang HU Duo SHAN Shao-Bo HU Jun LI Qi-Chang ZHENG Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

This study was performed to determine the prognostic role of preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9 levels in the survival of patients with *** published up to June 1st,2010 that evaluated preoperative CA19-9 levels and the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma were collected for *** required information for calculating indivi-dual relative risk(RR)was extracted from the studies,and a combined overall RR was *** eligible studies were *** study dealt with extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma,while the other eight studies analyzed intra-hepatic *** mean methodolo-gical quality score was 74.1%,ranging from 65.5%to 82.5%.The overall RR for the nine studies was 1.28(95%conﬁdence interval=1.10–1.46),and the Z-score for overall effect was 13.83(P<0.001).The association between serum CA19-9 level and lymph node involvement was also *** combined RR was 1.471(95%conﬁdence interval=0.411–5.264)and Z-score for overall effect was 0.59(P=0.553).CA19-9 levels were associated signiﬁcantly with the prognosis of patients with *** meta-analysis shows that elevation of preoperative CA19-9 levels is correlated with a poor prognosis of patients with ***,larger scale and randomized studies are needed to draw a more substantive conclusion.

关键词： cholangiocarcinoma prognostic factors serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9

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IL-15 increases the frequency of effectormemory CD8^(+) T cells in rhesus monkeys immunized with HIV vaccine

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第6期7卷 491-494页

作者： Shirui Li Xiangrong Qi Yingying Gao Yanling Hao Lianxian Cui Li Ruan Wei He Department of Immunology Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeNational Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyBeijingChina National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention China CDCBeijingChina Division of Virology and Immunology National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Several studies have suggested that interleukin(IL)-15 is a promising adjuvant that promotes cellular immunity when administered with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)*** we evaluated the effect of IL-15 plasmid on HIV-specific immune responses,especially cellular immunity,in eight rhesus *** monkeys were immunized three times with HIV DNA vaccine with or without IL-15 plasmid and boosted with recombinant Tiantan strain vaccinia virus-based HIV vaccine(rTV)22 weeks after the first *** we did not detect any significant differences in the HIV-specific CD81 T-cell response between monkeys with IL-15 coimmunization and monkeys with HIV vaccine alone,our results showed that the frequency of effector CD8^(+) memory T cells in the peripheral blood was significantly higher in monkeys with IL-15 coimmunization than those with HIV vaccine alone at almost all of the time points ***,the titers of anti-HIV antibodies were higher in Group T than those in Group C after rTV *** findings in rhesus monkeys suggest that IL-15 may be useful as a cytokine adjuvant for HIV vaccine.

关键词： adjuvant effector memory CD8^(+)T cell HIV vaccine IL-15

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Murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) and Xenotropic MuLV-related viruses exhibit inter-tropic complex recombination patterns

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Retrovirology 2011年第1期8卷 1-1页

作者： Mattia C F Prosperi Marco Salemi William M Switzer Walid Heneine Department of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory Medicine Emerging Pathogens Institute College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA Laboratory Branch Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30333 USA

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Jail-based providers' perceptions of challenges to routine HIV testing in New York City jails

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Journal of Correctional Health Care 2010年第4期16卷 310-321页

作者： Sabharwal, Charulata J. Muse, Kathy Hunt Alper, Howard Begier, Elizabeth McNeill, Michele Galeta, Ghairunisa Huang, Katy Franklin, Woodman Parvez, Farah Field Services Unit New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene New York NY 10013 346 Broadway 701 United States National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States

About 25% of New York City jail inmates are tested for HIV despite a universal offer of rapid testing at medical intake. Health care workers were surveyed to examine provider-related challenges to testing at medical intake. Of the 291 eligible staff, 215 (73.9%) responded. Most (87.0%) felt confident recommending rapid HIV testing;however, only 85.5% of medical professionals and 70.8% of nurses felt confident providing negative rapid HIV test results. Identified barriers are those common to other medical settings (insufficient staffing, inadequate privacy or space, and "too much" paperwork) and those specific to correctional settings (limited time for medical intake and competing department of Correction priorities). Staff have been given extended training to address their lack of confidence with key aspects of the HIV testing process, including providing negative results. © The Author(s) 2010.

关键词： correctional health care health personnel HIV testing inmates jails

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Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of HIV Mother to Child Transmission in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第5期23卷 402-408页

作者： JUN-JIE WANG KATHLEEN HEATHER REILLY HUA HAN ZHI-HANG PENG NING WANG National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China Tulane University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA National ASIC Design Engineering Center Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China

Objective to explore dynamic characteristics of the HIV mother to child transmission （MTCT） epidemic in *** A deterministic dynamic transmission model was used to determine the effect of key parameters on the likely long-term trends of the HIV MTCT epidemic in *** 7.0 was used to develop the *** The number of the susceptibles （S）,the transmission rate （β）,and the screening proportion （α） of HIV positive pregnant women have the greatest impact on the HIV MTCT epidemic in *** growth of the MTCT epidemic in China could not be controlled only by decreasing the MTCT transmission *** prevalence of HIV positive women should be reduced and more pregnant women should be tested for *** prevention of MTCT （PMTCT） should focus not only on the reduction of HIV transmission rates and incidences of HIV among women but also on the increase of HIV testing for pregnant *** most cost-effective PMTCT means for China should be investigated in future studies.

关键词： mother to child transmission dynamic model HIV China

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The association between the genetic polymorphisms of LMP2/LMP7 and the outcomes of HCV infection among drug users

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2010年第5期24卷 374-380页

作者： Qian Cui Yongxiang Zhang Jing Su Chao Shi Na Lei Keqin Ding Jun Li Rongbin Yu L u Wang Ning Wang Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029JiangsuP rovinceChina Department of Infectious Diseases the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029Jiangsu Provi nceChina Department of Epidemiology National Center for AIDS/STD Control and ProventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Objective：To investigate a possible association of LMP2/LMP7 genes with chronic hepatitis C virus（HCV） infection,and to assess whether LMP2/LMP7 genes could influence the outcomes of HCV infection among drug ***：Genomic DNAs of 362 anti-HCV sero-positive drug users and 225 control drug users were extracted from the peripheral blood *** sero-positive patients were divided into those who had persistent infection and those who had spontaneously cleared the *** of LMP genes were determined by PCR combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism（RFLP）.Results：The distribution of LMP2 genotypes among the control,persistent infection and spontaneous clearance groups were not ***,the LMP7 codon 145 Gln/Lys,Lys/Lys,and Gln/Lys＋Lys/Lys genotypes were found significantly more frequent in the persistent infection group than in control group（OR=1.75,95%CI=1.06～2.90;OR=3.16,95%CI=1.23-8.12;OR=1.94,95%CI=1.21-3.12,respectively）.Similarly,the frequencies of the codon 145 Gln/Lys,Lys/Lys,and Gln/Lys＋Lys/Lys genotypes were found significantly more frequent in the persistent infection group than in the spontaneous clearance group（OR=1.64,95%CI=1.04-2.57;OR=2.40,95%CI=1.09-5.28;OR=1.76,95%CI=1.152.69,respectively）.Stratified analysis indicated that combined genotype Gln/Lys＋Lys/Lys of the LMP7 gene was related to an increasing susceptibility to HCV infection（OR=1.91,95%CI=1.02-3.55;OR=2.19,95%CI=1.243.89;OR=1.91,95%CI=1.05-3.48,OR=2.86,95%CI=1.41-5.78,respectively）and the risk of persistent HCV infection（OR=1.94,95%CI=1.12-3.34;OR=2.02,95%CI=1.21-3.38;OR=1.78,95%CI=1.12-2.85,OR=2.23,95%CI=1.09-4.58,respectively）among30-year-old,males,the injection drug user（IDU）subjects and/or the shorter duration drug users（≤5 y）.Conclusion：These results suggest that polymorphism of the LMP7 gene may have an influence on the outcomes of HCV infection,and is one of the factors accounting for the genetic susceptibility to HCV infection among d

关键词： hepatitis C virus LMP gene polymorphism infection outcome

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Corrigendum

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Journal of NeuroVirology 2010年第2期16卷 185-188页

作者： Robert K. Heaton Lucette A. Cysique Hua Jin Chuan Shi Xin Yu Scott Letendre Donald R. Franklin Christopher Ake Ofilio Vigil J. Hampton Atkinson Thomas D. Marcotte Igor Grant Zunyou Wu HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC) Department of Psychiatry University of California at San Diego San Diego VA San Diego Health Care System San Diego Institute of Mental Health Peking University Beijing China National Center for AIDS/STD Control & Prevention (NCAIDS) China

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