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Survival of people living with HIV after treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine in Henan province of China: a retrospective cohortstudy

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2014年第4期34卷 430-436页

作者： Yantao Jin Zhibin Liu Xiumin Chen Xin Wang Dan Wang Ziqiang Jiang Ying Liu Jian Wang Wen Zou Huijun Guo Liran Xu Department of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Treatment and Research Center the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease ControlandPrevention Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan Province School of International Education Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College Traditional Chinese Medicine Center for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Prevention and Treatment China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Traditional Chinese Medicine Center for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Prevention and Treatment China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine

OBJECTIVE: To provide survival estimates of people living with human immunodeficiency virus(PLHIV) after treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in rural China, to identify the prognostic factors at enrollment, and to explore the effectiveness of TCM intreating ***: PLHIV who enrolled in national TCM HIV treatment trial program in October 2004 were analyzed in this study and followed up to October 2010. Survival time was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier curve and hazard ratios, and identifying prognostic factors were computed through Cox proportional hazard ***:A total of 1666 PLHIV were included with 102 591 person-months of follow-up. Overall, 312(18.7%) patients died. The total mortality rate over the study period was 3.6 per 100 person-years,which was lower than the worldwide rate. The cumulative survival rate was 95.9% at 1 year[95% confidence interval(CI)(94.8-96.8)] and 80.4% at 6years [95% CI(78.4-82.3)]. Elevated death risks emerged among males, older individuals, and thosewithlowerCD4+***: TCM could increase survival and lengthen the life span of PLHIV in Henan province of China, as shown by our retrospective cohort study. Factors such as sex, age, education, and CD4+ T-cell counts correlated to survival. However,retrospective cohorts bias the data, so more prospective studies should be performed to confirm our primary results.

关键词： Retrospective studies HIV Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Survival Medicine Chinese traditional

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An unbalanced PD-L1/CD86 ratio in CD14^＋＋CD16^＋ monocytes is correlated with HCV viremia during chronic HCV infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第3期11卷 294-304页

作者： Jiajia Zheng Hua Liang Chunhui Xu Qiang Xu Ting Zhang Tao Shen Fengmin LU Department of Microbiology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China Department of Laboratory Medicine Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China State Key Laboratory for infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention China CDC Beijing China Center of Infectious Diseases Peking University Beijing China These authors contributed equally to this work

Circulating monocyte subsets with distinct functions play important roles in hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection. However, the mechanisms have not been well studied. In this study, we analyzed the distributions and phenotypic characteristics of three circulating monocyte subsets--CD14^＋＋CD16^-, CD14^＋＋CD16^＋ and CD14^＋＋mCD16^——in chronic HCV-infected patients, HCV spontaneous resolvers and healthy controls, and we evaluated the possible link between HCV viremia and disease progression. Our results indicated that the frequency of the CD 14^＋＋CD 16^＋ monocyte subset was decreased, and negatively correlated with HCV RNA and core antigen levels during chronic HCV infection. PD-L1 expression and the PD-L1/CD86 ratio in CD14^＋＋CD16^＋ monocytes were higher during chronic HCV infection than in spontaneous HCV resolvers and healthy controls. The PD-L1/CD86 ratio positively correlated with HCV viral load and core antigen levels. Finally, PD-L1 was significantly increased, while cytokine secretions were dramatically decreased upon Toll-like receptor （TLR） ligand binding and HCV JFH-lstimulation. These findings indicates the compromised immune status of the CD14^＋＋CD16^＋ monocytes during chronic HCV infection and provides new insights into the specific role of the CD14^＋＋CD16^＋ monocytes and their significance in chronic HCV infection.

关键词： core antigen hepatitis C virus monocytes PD-L1/CD86 viral load

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Introduction of rapid syphilis testing in antenatal care: A systematic review of the impact on HIV and syphilis testing uptake and coverage

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International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2015年第S1期130卷 S15-S21页

作者： Swartzendruber, Andrea Steiner, Riley J. Adler, Michelle R. Kamb, Mary L. Newman, Lori M. Rollins School of Public Health Emory University 1518 Clifton Road Atlanta 30322 GA United States Global AIDS Program Centers for Disease Control Prevention Atlanta GA United States Division of STD Prevention International Activities Unit Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland

Abstract Background Global guidelines recommend universal syphilis and HIV screening for pregnant women. Rapid syphilis testing (RST) may contribute toward achievement of universal screening. Objectives To examine the impact of RST on syphilis and HIV screening among pregnant women. Search strategy We searched MEDLINE for English- and non-English language articles published through November, 2014. Selection criteria We included studies that used a comparative design and reported on syphilis and HIV test uptake among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) following introduction of RST. Data collection and analysis Data were extracted from six eligible articles presenting findings from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Main results All studies reported substantial increases in antenatal syphilis testing following introduction of RST;the latter did not appear to adversely impact antenatal HIV screening levels at sites already offering rapid HIV testing and may increase HIV screening among pregnant women in some settings. Qualitative data revealed that women were highly satisfied with RST. Nevertheless, ensuring adequate training for healthcare workers and supplies of commodities were cited as key implementation barriers. Conclusions RST may increase antenatal syphilis and HIV screening and contribute to the improvement of antenatal care in LMICs. © 2015 World Health Organization;licensee Elsevier.

关键词： HIV Point-of-care test Pregnancy Screening Syphilis

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Syphilis testing in antenatal care: Policies and practices among laboratories in the Americas

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International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2015年第S1期130卷 S37-S42页

作者： Luu, Minh Ham, Cal Kamb, Mary L. Caffe, Sonja Hoover, Karen W. Perez, Freddy Division of STD Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta GA United States Communicable Diseases and Health Analysis Department HIV Hepatitis Tuberculosis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit - CHA//HT Pan American Health Organization 525 23rd St NW Washington D.C. 20037 United States

Abstract Objective To asses laboratory syphilis testing policies and practices among laboratories in the Americas. Methods Laboratory directors or designees from PAHO member countries were invited to participate in a structured, electronically-delivered survey between March and August, 2014. Data on syphilis tests, algorithms, and quality control (QC) practices were analyzed, focusing on laboratories receiving specimens from antenatal clinics (ANCs). Results Surveys were completed by 69 laboratories representing 30 (86%) countries. Participating laboratories included 36 (52%) national or regional reference labs and 33 (48%) lower-level laboratories. Most (94%) were public sector facilities and 71% reported existence of a national algorithm for syphilis testing in pregnancy, usually involving both treponemal and non-treponemal testing (72%). Less than half (41%) used rapid syphilis tests (RSTs);and only seven laboratories representing five countries reported RSTs were included in the national algorithm for pregnant women. Most (83%) laboratories serving ANCs reported using some type of QC system;68% of laboratories reported participation in external QC. Only 36% of laboratories reported data to national/local surveillance. Half of all laboratories serving ANC settings reported a stockout of one or more essential supplies during the previous year (median duration, 30 days). Conclusion Updating laboratory algorithms, improving testing standards, integrating data into existing surveillance, and improved procurement and distribution of commodities may be needed to ensure elimination of MTCT of syphilis in the Americas. © 2015 Pan American Health Organization.

关键词： Americas region Antenatal care Congenital syphilis Rapid testing Syphilis testing

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Using Reduced Inoculum Densities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in MGIT Pyrazinamide Susceptibility Testing to Prevent False-Resistant Results and Improve Accuracy: A Multicenter Evaluation

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Tuberculosis research and treatment 2017年第1期2017卷 3748163页

作者： Glenn P Morlock Frances C Tyrrell Dorothy Baynham Vincent E Escuyer Nicole Green Youngmi Kim Patricia A Longley-Olson Nicole Parrish Courtney Pennington Desmond Tan Brett Austin James E Posey Division of Tuberculosis Elimination Laboratory Branch National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road NE Atlanta GA 30329 USA. Tennessee Department of Health Division of Laboratory Services 630 Hart Lane Nashville TN 37216 USA. Mycobacteriology Laboratory Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health 120 New Scotland Avenue Albany NY 12208 USA. Public Health Laboratory Los Angeles County Department of Public Health 12750 Erickson Avenue Los Angeles CA 90242 USA. Mycobacteriology Laboratory Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene 465 Henry Mall Madison WI 53706 USA. Missouri State Public Health Laboratory 101 North Chestnut Street Jefferson City MO 65102 USA. Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine 600 North Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA. Bureau of Clinical Laboratories Alabama Department of Public Health 8140 AUM Drive Montgomery AL 36117 USA. Massachusetts State Public Health Laboratory 305 South Street Jamaica Plain MA 02130 USA. County of San Diego Public Health Laboratory 3851 Rosecrans Street San Diego CA 92110 USA.

The primary platform used for pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility testing of is the MGIT culture system (Becton Dickinson). Since false-resistant results have been associated with the use of this system, we conducted a multicenter evaluation to determine the effect of using a reduced cell density inoculum on the rate of false resistance. Two reduced inoculum densities were compared with that prescribed by the manufacturer (designated as "BD" method). The reduced inoculum methods (designated as "A" and "C") were identical to the manufacturer's protocol in all aspects with the exception of the cell density of the inoculum. Twenty genetically and phenotypically characterized isolates were tested in duplicate by ten independent laboratories using the three inoculum methods. False-resistant results declined from 21.1% using the standard "BD" method to 5.7% using the intermediate ("A") inoculum and further declined to 2.8% using the most dilute ("C") inoculum method. The percentages of the resistant results that were false-resistant declined from 55.2% for the "BD" test to 28.8% and 16.0% for the "A" and "C" tests, respectively. These results represent compelling evidence that the occurrence of false-resistant MGIT PZA susceptibility test results can be mitigated through the use of reduced inoculum densities.

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Varicella zoster virus in American Samoa: Seroprevalence and predictive value of varicella disease history in elementary and college students

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Epidemiology and Infection 2014年第5期142卷 1002-1007页

作者： Mahamud, A. Leung, J. Masunu-Faleafaga, Y. Teshale, E. Williams, R. Dulski, T. Thieme, M. Garcia, P. Schmid, D.S. Bialek, S.R. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Epidemic Intelligence Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Immunization Program American Samoa Department of Health LBJ Tropical Medical Center Pago Pago American Samoa National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States CDC Experience Applied Epidemiology Fellowship CDC Foundation Atlanta GA United States

SUMMARY The epidemiology of varicella is believed to differ between temperate and tropical countries. We conducted a varicella seroprevalence study in elementary and college students in the US territory of American Samoa before introduction of a routine varicella vaccination programme. Sera from 515 elementary and 208 college students were tested for the presence of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) IgG antibodies. VZV seroprevalence increased with age from 76.0% in the 4-6 years group to 97.7% in those aged ©3/4 23 years. Reported history of varicella disease for elementary students was significantly associated with VZV seropositivity. The positive and negative predictive values of varicella disease history were 93.4% and 36.4%, respectively, in elementary students and 97.6% and 3.0%, respectively, in college students. VZV seroprevalence in this Pacific island appears to be similar to that in temperate countries and suggests endemic VZV circulation. © Cambridge University Press 2013.

关键词： American Samoa chickenpox seroprevalence varicella varicella-zoster virus

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Depletion and dysfunction of Vy,2Vo2 T cells in HIV disease： mechanisms, impacts and therapeutic implications

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第1期10卷 42-49页

作者： Haishan Li Suchita Chaudry Bhawna Poonia Yiming Shao C David Pauza Institute of Human Virology and Department of Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Controland Prevention National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） disrupts the balance among yT cell subsets, with increasing Vo1＋ cells and substantial depletion of circulating Vo2＋ cells. Depletion is an indirect effect of HIV in CD4-negative Vo2 cells, but is specific for phosphoantigen-responsive subpopulations identified by the Vy2-Jy1.2 （also called Vy9-JyP） T cell receptor rearrangement. The extent of cell loss and recovery is related closely to clinical status, with highest levels of functional V cells present in virus controllers （undetectable viremia in the absence of antiretroviral therapy）. We review the mechanisms and clinical consequences for V cell depletion in HIV disease. We address the question of whether HIV-mediated V cell depletion, despite being an indirect effect of infection, is an important part of the immune evasion strategy for this virus. The important roles for V cells, as effectors and immune regulators, identify key mechanisms affected by HIV and show the strong relationships between V62 cell loss and immunodeficiency disease. This field is moving toward immune therapies based on targeting V cells and we now have clear goals and expectations to Ruide interventional clinical trials.

关键词： HIV disease ST cells mechanisms impacts therapeutic implications

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Potent T cell Responses Induced by Single DNA Vaccine Boosted with Recombinant Vaccinia Vaccine

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Virologica Sinica 2013年第2期28卷 109-115页

作者： Lianxing Liu Chao Qiu Yang Huang Jianqing Xu Yiming Shao State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Science Research Department Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University

Plasmid DNA, an effective vaccine vector, can induce both cellular and humoral immune responses. However, plasmid DNA raises issues concerning potential genomic integration after injection. This issue should be considered in preclinical studies. Tiantan vaccinia virus (TV) has been most widely utilized in eradicating smallpox in China. This virus has also been considered as a successful vaccine vector against a few infectious diseases. Potent T cell responses through T-cell receptor (TCR) could be induced by three injections of the DNA prime vaccine followed by a single injection of recombinant vaccinia vaccine. To develop a safer immunization strategy, a single DNA prime followed by a single recombinant Tiantan vaccinia (rTV) aids vaccine was used to immunize mice. Our data demonstrated that one DNA prime/rTV boost regimen induced mature TCR activation with high functional avidity, preferential T cell Vβ receptor usage and high sensitivity to anti-CD3 antibody stimulation. No differences in T cell responses were observed among one, two or three DNA prime/rTV boost regimens. This study shows that one DNA prime/rTV boost regimen is sufficient to induce potent T cell responses against HIV.

关键词： HIV Vaccine T cell responses Prime-boost regimen

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HIV Treatment as prevention: Contradictory Perspectives from Dynamic Mathematical Models

Scientific World Journal

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Scientific World Journal 2014年第1期2014卷 760734页

作者： Wu, Jing Norris, Jessie L. Jia, Yujiang Wang, Ning National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention No. 155 Changbai Road Beijing 102206 China School of Agroforestry and Medicine Open University of China Beijing 100039 China Department of Preventive Medicine School of Medicine Vanderbilt University Nashville 37232 TN United States

The preventative effects of antiretroviral therapy for people with HIV have been debated since they were first raised. Models commenced studying the preventive effects of treatment in the 1990s, prior to initial public reports. However, the outcomes of the preventive effects of antiretroviral use were not consistent. Some outcomes of dynamic models were based on unfeasible assumptions, such as no consideration of drug resistance, behavior disinhibition, or economic inputs in poor countries, and unrealistic input variables, for example, overstated initiation time, adherence, coverage, and efficacy of treatment. This paper reviewed dynamic mathematical models to ascertain the complex effects of ART on HIV *** review discusses more conservative inputs and outcomes relative to antiretroviral use in HIV infections in dynamic mathematical models. ART alone cannot eliminate HIV transmission. © 2014 JingWu et al.

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HPV Infection among Uygur Women in a Rural Area of Hetian Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第11期26卷 934-936页

作者： Sulaiya HUSAIYIN Mayinuer NIYAZI WANG Li hong WANG Jun Jie WANG Jian Bing Ayeti SIMAYI WANG Lin Zumurelaiti AINIWAER MA Chun Hua Jennifer S.SMITH Department of Gynecology Cancer Institute/Hospital Xinjiang People's Hospital Center for Reproductive Medicine Weifang People’s Hospital National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Cancer Epidemiology Cancer Institute/Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina

It is not clear how HPV infection is prevalent among Uygur women in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China and whether the distribution of HPV infection is related with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （CIN） incidence among them. A study including 883 Uygur women were conducted from 2006 to 2007 in Hetian Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

关键词： HPV Infection among Uygur Women in a Rural Area of Hetian Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region In China

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