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Methods for assessing the reliability of quality of life based on SF-36

STATISTICS IN MEDICINE 2016年第30期35卷 5656-5665页

作者： Pan, Yi Barnhart, Huiman X. Centers Dis Control & Prevent Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent Div HIV AIDS Prevention Surveillance & Epidemiol Atlanta GA 30333 USA Duke Univ Dept Biostat & Bioinformat Duke Clin Reseanrch Inst Durham NC USA

The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) has been widely used to measure quality of life. Reliability has been traditionally assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), which is equivalent to Cronbach's alpha theoretically. However, it is a scaled assessment of reliability and does not indicate the extent of differences because of measurement error. In this paper, total deviation index (TDI) is used to interpret the magnitude of measurement error for SF-36, and a new formula for computing TDI for average item score is proposed. The interpretation based on TDI is simple and intuitive by providing, with a high probability, the expected difference that is because of measurement error. We also show that a high value of ICC does not always correspond to a smaller magnitude of measurement error, which indicates that ICC can sometimes provide a false sense of high reliability. The methodology is illustrated with reported SF-36 data from the literature and from real data in the Arthritis Self-Management Program. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： agreement reliability reproducibility total deviation index coverage probability

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Tissue Factor Expression in Human Leukocytes and Tumor Cells

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Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2018年第7期74卷 391-395页

作者： Federick R Rickels Gregory A Hair Richard A Zelf Elsbeth Lee Robert D Bona Hematologic Diseases Branch Division of HIV/AIDS National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Division of Hematology-Oncology Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA Department of Medicine University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington and Newington CT USA Veterans Administration Medical Center Farmington and Newington CT USA Department of Pathology University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington and Newington CT USA

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Management of falsepositive rifampicin resistant Xpert MTB/RIF - Authors' reply

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The Lancet. Microbe 2020年第6期1卷 e239页

作者： Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza Tom Decroo Gabriela Torrea Patrick Migambi Armand Van Deun Leen Rigouts Bouke Catherine de Jong National Reference Laboratory Division Department of Biomedical Services Rwanda Biomedical Centre Kigali Rwanda Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium. Electronic address: jclaude.ngabonziza@rbc.gov.rw. Department of Clinical Sciences Mycobacteriology Unit Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium. Research Foundation Flanders Brussels Belgium. Tuberculosis and Other Respiratory Diseases Division Institute of HIV/AIDS Disease Prevention and Control Rwanda Biomedical Centre Kigali Rwanda. Independent tuberculosis consultant Leuven Belgium. Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium. Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium.

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hiv infection care and viral suppression among people who inject drugs, 28 U.S. jurisdictions, 2012-2013

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Open aids Journal 2016年 10卷 127-135页

作者： Karch, Debra L. Gray, Kristen Mahle Shi, Jing Hall, H. Irene Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Atlanta 30329 GA United States ICF International Inc Atlanta 30329 GA United States

Objectives: Assess outcomes along the care continuum for hiv-infected people who inject drugs (PWID), by type of facility and stage of infection at diagnosis. Methods: Data reported by 28 jurisdictions to the National hiv Surveillance System by December 2014 were used to identify PWID aged ≥13 years, diagnosed with hiv infection before December 31, 2013. Analyses used the CDC definition of linkage to care (LTC), retention in care (RIC), and viral suppression (VS), and are stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and type of facility and stage of hiv infection at diagnosis. Results: Of 1,409 PWID diagnosed with hiv in 2013, 1,116 (79.2%) were LTC with the lowest percentages among males (78.4%);blacks (77.5%) ages 13-24 years (69.0%);those diagnosed in early stage infection (71.6%);and at screening, diagnostic, or referral agencies (60.0%). Of 80,958 PWID living with hiv in 2012, 40,234 (49.7%) were RIC and 34,665 (42.8%) achieved VS. The lowest percentages for RIC and VS were among males (47.1% and 41.3% respectively);those diagnosed with late stage disease (47.1% and 42.4%);and young people. Whites had the lowest RIC (47.0%) while blacks had the lowest VS (41.1%). Conclusion: Enhanced LTC activities are needed for PWID diagnosed at screening, diagnostic or referral agencies versus those diagnosed at inpatient or outpatient settings, especially among young people and blacks diagnosed in early stage infection. Less than half of PWID are retained in care or reach viral suppression indicating the need for continued engagement and return to care activities over the long term. © Karch et al.;Licensee Bentham Open.

关键词： aids Care continuum Facility at diagnosis hiv Injection drug use Stage of infection

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Prescription of Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia Prophylaxis in hiv-Infected Patients

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Journal of the International Association of Providers of aids Care 2016年第6期15卷 455-458页

作者： Lin, Xia Garg, Shikha Mattson, Christine L. Luo, Qingwei Skarbinski, Jacek Epidemic Intelligence Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta GA United States Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention CDC 1600 Clifton Road NE Atlanta 30329 GA United States ICF International Atlanta GA United States

The US treatment guidelines recommend Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis for all hiv-infected persons with a CD4 count 3 (ie, eligible for PCP prophylaxis). However, some studies suggest PCP prophylaxis... 详细信息

The US treatment guidelines recommend Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis for all hiv-infected persons with a CD4 count <200 cells/mm³ (ie, eligible for PCP prophylaxis). However, some studies suggest PCP prophylaxis may be unnecessary in virally suppressed patients. Using national data of hiv-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States during 2009 to 2012, the authors assessed the weighted percentage of eligible patients who were prescribed PCP prophylaxis and the independent association between PCP prophylaxis prescription and viral suppression. Overall, 81% of eligible patients were prescribed PCP prophylaxis. Virally suppressed eligible patients were less likely to be prescribed PCP prophylaxis (prevalence ratio: 0.84;95% confidence interval: 0.80-0.89). Although guidelines recommend PCP prophylaxis for all eligible patients, some hiv care providers might not prescribe PCP prophylaxis to virally suppressed patients. Additional data on the risk for PCP among virally suppressed patients are needed to clarify this controversy. © The Author(s) 2015..

关键词： hiv Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis viral suppression

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806. 2013–2015 Nationwide Tuberculosis Contact Investigation in Childcare Centers and Schools in Korea

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018年第SUPPL_1期5卷 S289–S289页

作者： Suh, Woosuck Kim, Jong-Hyun Hwang, Ji Hyen Lee, Sodam Lee, Kang-Hee Park, Misun Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea Republic of (South) Division of Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Control Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Osong Korea Republic of (South)

Background The Republic of Korea has the highest incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) among members of the OECD, reported as 78.8/100,000 population in 2016. In response, a state-run intensive contact investigation for TB is being conducted. More effective TB control requires an epidemiologic emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment of latent TB infections in children and adolescents, compared with other age groups. Here we present an analysis of data from the childcare center and school contact investigation by the Korea Centers for Disease control and prevention (CDC) in 2013–2015. Methods Data collected from index patients included age, sex, occupation, disease status, results of AFB smear/culture, and chest x-ray. Data collected from contacts included age, sex, results of serial tuberculin skin test (TST), and chest x-ray. Congregate settings included childcare centers, kindergartens, elementary and secondary schools, and age groups were stratified as follows: 0–4 years, 5–12 years, and 13–18 years. TSTs were considered positive if induration ≥10 mm on the first test (TST1) or demonstrated an increase ≥6 mm over the induration of TST1 on repeat testing after 8 weeks (TST2). Results Of the 197,801 subjects with data collected, 173,998 were eligible and included in our analysis. TST1 results were available for 159,346 (91.6%) and when results were positive, induration was 10–14 mm in 7.6% and ≥15 mm in 1.5%. TST2 results were available for 119,797 (82.7%) of the 144,904 with negative TST1, and conversion rate was 9.0%. Altogether considering TST1 and TST2, 17.3% contacts had latent TB infections. Positive rates of TST significantly decreased with age: 20.3% in 0–4 years, 18.8% in 5–12 years, 17.1% in 13–18 years. Conclusion In this 3-year school-setting contact investigation, 17.3% contacts were diagnosed with latent TB infection, as demonstrated by TST reactions. Positive rates of TST significantly but mildly decreased with age. Disclosures All authors: No reported

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The RSVP project: Factors related to disengagement from human immunodeficiency virus care among persons in San Francisco

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JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 2017年第2期3卷 e25页

作者： Scheer, Susan Chen, Miao-Jung Parisi, Maree Kay Yoshida-Cervantes, Maya Antunez, Erin Delgado, Viva Moss, Nicholas J. Buchacz, Kate HIV Epidemiology Section San Francisco Department of Public Health San Francisco CA United States Disease Prevention and Control San Francisco Department of Public Health San Francisco CA United States Division of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Alameda County Public Health Department Oakland CA United States Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States

Background: In the United States, an estimated two-thirds of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection do not achieve viral suppression, including those who have never engaged in hiv care and others who do not stay engaged in care. Persons with an unsuppressed hiv viral load might experience poor clinical outcomes and transmit hiv. Objective: The goal of the Re-engaging Surveillance-identified Viremic Persons (RSVP) project in San Francisco, CA, was to use routine hiv surveillance databases to identify, contact, interview, and reengage in hiv care persons who appeared to be out of care because their last hiv viral load was unsuppressed. We aimed to interview participants about their hiv care and barriers to reengagement. Methods: Using routinely collected hiv surveillance data, we identified persons with hiv who were out of care (no hiv viral load and CD4 laboratory reports during the previous 9-15 months) and with their last plasma hiv RNA viral load >200 copies/mL. We interviewed the located persons, at baseline and 3 months later, about whether and why they disengaged from hiv care and the barriers they faced to care reengagement. We offered them assistance with reengaging in hiv care from the San Francisco department of Public Health linkage and navigation program (LINCS). Results: Of 282 persons selected, we interviewed 75 (26.6%). Of these, 67 (89%) reported current health insurance coverage, 59 (79%) had ever been prescribed and 45 (60%) were currently taking hiv medications, 59 (79%) had seen an hiv provider in the past year, and 34 (45%) had missed an hiv appointment in the past year. Reasons for not seeing a provider included feeling healthy, using alcohol or drugs, not having enough money or health insurance, and not wanting to take hiv medicines. Services needed to get to an hiv medical care appointment included transportation assistance, stable living situation or housing, sound mental health, and organizational help and reminders about

关键词： Engagement in hiv care hiv care hiv care continuum hiv surveillance Linkage Navigation to care Viral suppression

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We don't dare to tell her … we don't know where to begin: Disclosure experiences and challenges among adolescents living with hiv and their caregivers in China

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International journal of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 2018年第1期5卷 5-12页

作者： Mary Bachman DeSilva Nicole Penwill Lora Sabin Allen L Gifford Zhong Li Zhang Fujie Mu Weiwei Li Yongzhen Lu Hongyan Zeng Xuemei Yiyao Barnoon Christopher J Gill Rachael Bonawitz Center for Global Health and Development Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA United States. Department of Global Health Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA United States. Westbrook College of Health Professions University of New England Portland ME United States. Departments of Health Policy and Management Boston University Schools of Public Health and Medicine Boston University Boston MA United States. Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Hospital Bedford MA United States. FHI 360 Beijing China. Division of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China. Division of Treatment and Care National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS) China CDC Beijing China. AIDS Division Guangxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guangxi China. Boston Children's Hospital 300 Longwood Ave. Boston MA United States.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:With increasing access to antiretroviral therapy, hiv-infected youth are living longer, but are vulnerable as they navigate the transition to adulthood while managing a highly stigmatized condition. Knowing one's hiv status is critical to assuming responsibility for one's health. The process of disclosure to adolescents living with hiv is not well understood globally, even less so in China. To help address this gap, we explored practices for disclosure to adolescents living with hiv (ALhiv) among Chinese caregivers and clinicians, and the disclosure experiences of the adolescents themselves using qualitative methods. DESIGN AND SETTING:The study was conducted in 2014 at the Guangxi Center for Disease control and prevention ART (CDC-ART) clinic in Nanning, China. We used a qualitative design, incorporating in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). PATIENTS AND METHODS:We conducted IDIs with 19 adolescent/caregiver dyads and five FGDs with adolescents and clinicians. Adolescent participants were aged 10-15 years, and had contracted hiv perinatally. Using NVivo software, we summarized major themes. RESULTS:Only 6/19 caregivers reported disclosing to their child; matched adolescents' statements indicate that 9/19 children knew their hiv status. Caregivers planned to disclose when children were 14 years or older. Concerns about stigma toward children and families were associated with reluctance to disclose. CONCLUSION:Disclosure to adolescents living with hiv in China was delayed compared with recommended guidelines. Culturally appropriate disclosure strategies should be developed, focused on supporting caregivers and de-stigmatizing hiv.

关键词： Adolescent Caregiver China Disclosure hiv/aids Stigma

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Reply to Alffenaar et al

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Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2017年第1期64卷 105-106页

作者： Charles A Peloquin Susan E Dorman Andrew Vernon Giovanni Battista Migliori Payam Nahid University of Florida Gainesville. Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland. Division of Tuberculosis Elimination National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia. World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for TB and Lung Diseases Fondazione S. Maugeri Care and Research Institute Tradate Italy. University of California San Francisco.

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Tuberculosis screening at a diabetes clinic in the Republic of the Marshall Islands

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Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases 2016年 5卷 4-7页

作者： Trinidad, R.M. Brostrom, R. Morello, M.I. Montgomery, D. Thein, C.C. Gajitos, M.L. Heetderks, A. Chorba, T. Ministry of Health Ebeye Marshall Islands Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Division of Tuberculosis Elimination Atlanta GA United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of Surveillance Epidemiology and Laboratory Services Atlanta GA United States Kwajalein Atoll Healthcare Bureau Kwajalein Marshall Islands

Setting Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are prominent public health problems in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, a small island nation with high rates of tuberculosis and diabetes. Objective Evaluate the rate of active and latent TB in a Pacific Island DM clinic. Design In one DM clinic on the island of Ebeye, 213 adult patients aged 27–86 years completed tuberculin skin testing and TB work-up between April 2010 and March 2012. Results Screening for TB led to the diagnosis of 77 patients with TB infection and 11 patients with TB disease. From these data, the prevalence of TB disease among DM patients in the clinic exceeded 5% (95% CI 2.2%–8.1%). All patients who completed TB screening were at high risk of TB disease, and those with DM aged ≤ 50 years had a higher risk of TB disease than those with DM over age 50 (RR 3.1, C.I. 1.0–9.7, p = 0.05). Conclusion The experience at the Ebeye Diabetes Clinic demonstrates that screening DM patients for TB can identify significant rates of TB infection and TB disease, and should be considered for other settings with a high background TB incidence. Further assessment of TB risks should explore age, gender, and level of diabetes control. © 2016

关键词： Bi-directional screening Diabetes Pacific Islands Tuberculosis

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