This paper considers physical and synoptic mechanisms of an extreme rainfall on June 30, 2017 in the central part of European Russia, which was the maximum of daily precipitation sum in Moscow (65 mm) since 1970. Base...
This paper considers physical and synoptic mechanisms of an extreme rainfall on June 30, 2017 in the central part of European Russia, which was the maximum of daily precipitation sum in Moscow (65 mm) since 1970. Based on meteorological observations, radar data, and ERA5 reanalysis data, we show that the rainfall was associated with three mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that formed in the warm sector of a cyclone in a strip of anomalously high moisture content in the considered region, which developed further due to advection and evaporation. A numerical simulation with mesoscale model COSMO shows a significant contribution to the precipitation intensity of evaporation from the Earth's surface: a 10-times decrease in soil the moisture in the initial conditions leads to a 3-times decrease in the amount of precipitation and its intensity. Additionally, we consider urban-induced effects on this rainfall event by switching on and off urban parametrization TERRA_URB. The application of the urban surface parametrization has not changed the average amount of precipitation in Moscow region. It causes, however, a redistribution of precipitation sums within it.
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