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Leveraging the Potential of Large Language Models

Informatica (Slovenia) 2024年第8期48卷 1-16页

作者： Prasad, Shreya Gupta, Himank Ghosh, Arup Department of Software Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Graceland University LamoniIA United States

This study focuses on enhancing Natural Language Processing (NLP) in generative AI chatbots through the utilization of advanced pre-trained models. We assessed five distinct Large Language Models (LLMs): TRANSFORMER MODEL, FALCON 7B, LAMINI-FLAN-T5-783M, LLAMA-2-7B, and LLAMA-2-13B to identify the most effective one. Our findings revealed that the LLAMA Model excels in comprehending user queries and delivering precise responses during conversations. The article elucidates the methodology employed to evaluate and select various models for our chatbot. Through rigorous testing, we determined that the LLAMA-2-13B model exhibits enhanced response time and accuracy. Additionally, we employed tools such as Facebook Artificial Intelligence Similarity Search (FAISS) and experimented with user interfaces like Streamlit and Chainlit to enhance the chatbot's user-friendliness. The research underscores the significance of selecting the appropriate model for crafting efficient chatbots. Ultimately, the LLAMA-13B model emerged as the standout performer, showcasing superior performance. Benchmark assessments, including HellaSwag and WinoGrande, which gauge common sense reasoning, were employed to evaluate our chatbot's capabilities. The study concludes that LLAMA-based models hold significant promise for the development of innovative and user-friendly chatbots in the future. Povzetek: Študija se osredotoča na izboljšanje obdelave naravnega jezika (NLP) v generativnih AI klepetalnicah z uporabo naprednih vnaprej usposobljenih modelov. Analizirali so pet modelov: TRANSFORMER MODEL, FALCON 7B, LAMINI-FLAN-T5-783M, LLAMA-2-7B in LLAMA-2-13B. Model LLAMA-13B se je izkazal kot najboljši z vrhunskimi rezultati na testih HellaSwag in WinoGrande. Raziskava uporablja orodja, kot je FAISS, in uporabniške vmesnike, kot sta Streamlit in Chainlit za izboljšanje uporabniške izkušnje. © 2024 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Abnormal event detection in surveillance videos through LSTM auto-encoding and local minima assistance

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-25页

作者： Sengonul, Erkan Samet, Refik Abu Al-Haija, Qasem Alqahtani, Ali Alsemmeari, Rayan A. Alghamdi, Bandar Alturki, Badraddin Alsulami, Abdulaziz A. Department of Computer Engineering Ankara University Ankara06100 Turkey Department of Cybersecurity Faculty of Computer & Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology PO Box 3030 Irbid22110 Jordan Department of Networks & Communications Engineering College of Computer Science & Information Systems Najran University Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

Abnormal event detection in video surveillance is critical for security, traffic management, and industrial monitoring applications. This paper introduces an innovative methodology for anomaly detection in video data, encompassing three primary stages: preprocessing, feature learning, and anomaly detection. We employ background subtraction and noise reduction during preprocessing to refine the data. The feature-learning stage involves training an LSTM autoencoder to capture the essential features of normal video sequences. For anomaly detection, we map video data to a lower-dimensional space (latent code) and compare it against the distribution of codes from normal sequences. We determine regularity scores and identify local minima points exceeding a specified threshold while scrutinizing shadows between adjacent maxima to confirm and pinpoint anomalies. When tested on the CUHK Avenue and UMN datasets, our methodology demonstrated performance with AUCs of 93.8% and 94.1%, respectively, outperforming several baseline models. Our results show the high precision of our method that can detect anomalies, highlighting its potential advantages that it can achieve for enhancing systems of surveillance. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Noise abatement

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Deploying Hybrid Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques for Effective Cross-Site Scripting(XSS)Attack Detection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 707-748页

作者： Noor Ullah Bacha Songfeng Lu Attiq Ur Rehman Muhammad Idrees Yazeed Yasin Ghadi Tahani Jaser Alahmadi School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430073China Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain UniversityAl Ain12555Abu Dhabi Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia

Cross-Site Scripting(XSS)remains a significant threat to web application security,exploiting vulnerabilities to hijack user sessions and steal sensitive *** detection methods often fail to keep pace with the evolving sophistication of cyber *** paper introduces a novel hybrid ensemble learning framework that leverages a combination of advanced machine learning algorithms—Logistic Regression(LR),Support Vector Machines(SVM),eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),Categorical Boosting(CatBoost),and Deep Neural Networks(DNN).Utilizing the XSS-Attacks-2021 dataset,which comprises 460 instances across various real-world trafficrelated scenarios,this framework significantly enhances XSS attack *** approach,which includes rigorous feature engineering and model tuning,not only optimizes accuracy but also effectively minimizes false positives(FP)(0.13%)and false negatives(FN)(0.19%).This comprehensive methodology has been rigorously validated,achieving an unprecedented accuracy of 99.87%.The proposed system is scalable and efficient,capable of adapting to the increasing number of web applications and user demands without a decline in *** demonstrates exceptional real-time capabilities,with the ability to detect XSS attacks dynamically,maintaining high accuracy and low latency even under significant ***,despite the computational complexity introduced by the hybrid ensemble approach,strategic use of parallel processing and algorithm tuning ensures that the system remains scalable and performs robustly in real-time *** for easy integration with existing web security systems,our framework supports adaptable Application Programming Interfaces(APIs)and a modular design,facilitating seamless augmentation of current *** innovation represents a significant advancement in cybersecurity,offering a scalable and effective solution for securing modern web applications against evolving threats.

关键词： Cross-site scripting machine learning XSS detection stacking ensemble learning hybrid learning

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An Adaptive Framework for Classification and Detection of Android Malware

International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies

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International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies 2024年第21期18卷 59-73页

作者： Al Sharah, Ashraf Alrub, Yousef Abu Owida, Hamza Abu Elsoud, Esraa Abu Alshdaifat, Nawaf Khtatnaha, Hamzah Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Technology Al-Balqa Applied University Amman Jordan Department of Computer Information Systems Faculty of Prince Al-Hussein Bin Abdallah II for Information Technology The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan Department of Medical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman Jordan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan Faculty of Information Technology Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan

The hardware and software of a computer are controlled by its operating system (OS), which performs essential tasks such as input and output processing, file and memory management, and the management of peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. Application software refers to programs designed for specific purposes, these applications, often freely available and open source, contribute to the rising number of downloads. In the third quarter of 2022, combined downloads from the Apple App Store and Google Play Reached an estimated 35.3 billion. However, the prevalence of insecurity in these applications and technologies heightens the potential for cybercrimes. Protection against unauthorized intruders is crucial in identifying malicious applications. Machine learning (ML) serves as a promising avenue for detecting malware attacks, offering potential solutions to bolster cybersecurity measures. We propose a novel approach utilizing ML to enhance malware detection accuracy by segmenting datasets into distinct groups. Our research employs supervised ML techniques on the CICMaldroid2020 dataset, which includes comprehensive information such as intent actions, permissions, and sensitive APIs. The dataset was partitioned into four groups, each containing 150 features, and analyzed across four experiments to distinguish between attack and benign classes. Our proposed model demonstrated exceptional performance, with the random forest algorithm achieving an accuracy of 98.6% and a precision of 98.75%. These results highlight the effectiveness of our segmentation approach and its significant contribution to advancing malware detection in Android applications, offering a promising direction for future cybersecurity solutions. © 2024 by the authors of this article.

关键词： Android malware

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A Parallel Hybrid Testing Technique for Tri-Programming Model-Based software Systems

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 4501-4530页

作者： Huda Basloom Mohamed Dahab Abdullah Saad AL-Ghamdi Fathy Eassa Ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi Seif Haridi Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia KTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSweden

Recently,researchers have shown increasing interest in combining more than one programming model into systems running on high performance computing systems(HPCs)to achieve exascale by applying parallelism at multiple *** different programming paradigms,such as Message Passing Interface(MPI),Open Multiple Processing(OpenMP),and Open Accelerators(OpenACC),can increase computation speed and improve *** the integration of multiple models,the probability of runtime errors increases,making their detection difficult,especially in the absence of testing techniques that can detect these *** studies have been conducted to identify these errors,but no technique exists for detecting errors in three-level programming *** the increasing research that integrates the three programming models,MPI,OpenMP,and OpenACC,a testing technology to detect runtime errors,such as deadlocks and race conditions,which can arise from this integration has not been ***,this paper begins with a definition and explanation of runtime errors that result fromintegrating the three programming models that compilers cannot *** the first time,this paper presents a classification of operational errors that can result from the integration of the three *** paper also proposes a parallel hybrid testing technique for detecting runtime errors in systems built in the C++programming language that uses the triple programming models MPI,OpenMP,and *** hybrid technology combines static technology and dynamic technology,given that some errors can be detected using static techniques,whereas others can be detected using dynamic *** hybrid technique can detect more errors because it combines two distinct *** proposed static technology detects a wide range of error types in less time,whereas a portion of the potential errors that may or may not occur depending on the 4502 CMC,2023,vol.74,no.2 operating environme

关键词： software testing hybrid testing technique OpenACC OpenMP MPI tri-programming model exascale computing

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Analysis and Classification of Fake News Using Sequential Pattern Mining

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第3期7卷 942-963页

作者： M.Zohaib Nawaz M.Saqib Nawaz Philippe Fournier-Viger Yulin He College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060 Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy(SZ) Shenzhen 518107China Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyUnivesity of SargodhaSargodha 40100Pakistan

Disinformation,often known as fake news,is a major issue that has received a lot of attention *** researchers have proposed effective means of detecting and addressing *** machine and deep learning based methodologies for classification/detection of fake news are content-based,network(propagation)based,or multimodal methods that combine both textual and visual *** introduce here a framework,called FNACSPM,based on sequential pattern mining(SPM),for fake news analysis and *** this framework,six publicly available datasets,containing a diverse range of fake and real news,and their combination,are first transformed into a proper ***,algorithms for SPM are applied to the transformed datasets to extract frequent patterns(and rules)of words,phrases,or linguistic *** obtained patterns capture distinctive characteristics associated with fake or real news content,providing valuable insights into the underlying structures and commonalities of ***,the discovered frequent patterns are used as features for fake news *** framework is evaluated with eight classifiers,and their performance is assessed with various *** experiments were performed and obtained results show that FNACSPM outperformed other state-of-the-art approaches for fake news classification,and that it expedites the classification task with high accuracy.

关键词： disinformation fake news sequential pattern mining(SPM) frequent patterns classification

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Improved Hybrid Deep Collaborative Filtering Approach for True Recommendations

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5301-5317页

作者： Muhammad Ibrahim Imran Sarwar Bajwa Nadeem Sarwar Haroon Abdul Waheed Muhammad Zulkifl Hasan Muhammad Zunnurain Hussain Department of Computer Science The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpurPakistan Department of Computer Science Bahria University Lahore CampusLahorePakistan Software Engineering Department Faculty of ITUniversity of Central PunjabLahorePakistan Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia

Recommendation services become an essential and hot research topic for researchers *** data such asReviews play an important role in the recommendation of the *** was achieved by deep learning approaches for capturing user and product information from a short ***,such previously used approaches do not fairly and efficiently incorporate users’preferences and product *** proposed novel Hybrid Deep Collaborative Filtering(HDCF)model combines deep learning capabilities and deep interaction modeling with high performance for True *** overcome the cold start problem,the new overall rating is generated by aggregating the Deep Multivariate Rating DMR(Votes,Likes,Stars,and Sentiment scores of reviews)from different external data sources because different sites have different rating scores about the same product that make confusion for the user to make a decision,either product is truly popular or *** proposed novel HDCF model consists of four major modules such as User Product Attention,Deep Collaborative Filtering,Neural Sentiment Classifier,and Deep Multivariate Rating(UPA-DCF+NSC+DMR)to solve the addressed *** results demonstrate that our novel model is outperforming state-of-the-art IMDb,Yelp2013,and Yelp2014 datasets for the true top-n recommendation of products using HDCF to increase the accuracy,confidence,and trust of recommendation services.

关键词： Neural sentiment classification user product attention deep collaborative filtering multivariate rating artificial intelligence

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DeepOCL:A deep neural network for Object Constraint Language generation from unrestricted nature language

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence technology 2024年第1期9卷 250-263页

作者： Yilong Yang Yibo Liu Tianshu Bao Weiru Wang Nan Niu Yongfeng Yin School of Software Beihang UniversityBeijingChina College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijingChina Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA

Object Constraint Language(OCL)is one kind of lightweight formal specification,which is widely used for software verification and validation in NASA and Object Management Group *** OCL provides a simple expressive syntax,it is hard for the developers to write correctly due to lacking knowledge of the mathematical foundations of the first-order logic,which is approximately half accurate at the first stage of devel-opment.A deep neural network named DeepOCL is proposed,which takes the unre-stricted natural language as inputs and automatically outputs the best-scored OCL candidates without requiring a domain conceptual model that is compulsively required in existing rule-based generation *** demonstrate the validity of our proposed approach,ablation experiments were conducted on a new sentence-aligned dataset named *** experiments show that the proposed DeepOCL can achieve state of the art for OCL statement generation,scored 74.30 on BLEU,and greatly outperformed experienced developers by 35.19%.The proposed approach is the first deep learning approach to generate the OCL expression from the natural *** can be further developed as a CASE tool for the software industry.

关键词： deep learning OCL software engineering

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A Systematic Literature Review on the Security Attacks and Countermeasures Used in Graphical Passwords

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 53408-53423页

作者： Por, Lip Yee Ng, Ian Ouii Chen, Yen-Lin Yang, Jing Ku, Chin Soon Universiti Malaya Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Department of Computer System and Technology Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia National Taipei University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei106344 Taiwan Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Department of Computer Science Kampar31900 Malaysia

This systematic literature review delves into the dynamic realm of graphical passwords, focusing on the myriad security attacks they face and the diverse countermeasures devised to mitigate these threats. The core objective of this paper is to identify existing security threats to graphical password schemes and the corresponding countermeasures developed to mitigate these attacks. The study process begins by identifying the usable databases and search engines to identify all the relevant resources. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were carefully selected to prioritize the study, focusing mostly on attacks and countermeasures related to graphical password schemes between 2009 and 2023. After thorough identification and selection progress, 59 studies met all the criteria. Among these studies, 47 mentioned shoulder surfing as a threat to graphical password schemes, while 20 discussed brute force attacks. Additionally, there were 21 papers on dictionary attacks, 13 on smudge attacks, spyware attacks, and social engineering, and 19 that discussed guessing attacks as threats to graphical password schemes. Furthermore, the papers identified several other attacks, including frequency of occurrence analysis attacks, video recording, eavesdropping, computer vision, sonar, and image gallery attacks, with the corresponding numbers of papers being 9, 17, 5, 2, 2, and 1, respectively. The results also highlight the countermeasures proposed in the study papers to mitigate the aforementioned attacks. Among the various countermeasures identified, most revolve around randomization, obfuscation, and password space complexity as the most commonly used techniques for enhancing the security of graphical password schemes. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication

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Advancing Bankruptcy Forecasting With Hybrid Machine Learning Techniques: Insights From an Unbalanced Polish Dataset

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 9369-9381页

作者： Ainan, Ummey Hany Por, Lip Yee Chen, Yen-Lin Yang, Jing Ku, Chin Soon Universiti Malaya Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Department of Computer System and Technology Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia National Taipei University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei106344 Taiwan Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Department of Computer Science Kampar31900 Malaysia

The challenge of bankruptcy prediction, critical for averting financial sector losses, is amplified by the prevalence of imbalanced datasets, which often skew prediction models. Addressing this, our study introduces the innovative hybrid model XGBoost+ANN, designed to leverage the strengths of both ensemble learning and artificial neural networks. This model integrates a comprehensive set of features with parameters optimized through genetic algorithms, eschewing traditional feature selection approaches. Our research focuses on an unbalanced dataset of Polish companies and reveals that the XGBoost+ANN model, in particular, exhibits outstanding performance. Optimized using genetic algorithms and without feature selection, this model achieved the highest AUC (0.958), sensitivity (0.752), and accuracy (0.983) scores, surpassing other models in our study. This remarkable outperformance, along with the robust results, marks a substantial advancement in the field of bankruptcy prediction. It underscores the efficacy of our approach in addressing the persistent challenge of data imbalance, offering a more reliable and accurate solution for financial risk assessment. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Feature extraction

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