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arXiv 2021年

作者： Li, Zhenhao Chen, Tse-Hsun Yang, Jinqiu Shang, Weiyi The Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University MontrealQC Canada

Developers rely on software logs for a variety of tasks, such as debugging, testing, program comprehension, verification, and performance analysis. Despite the importance of logs, prior studies show that there is no industrial standard on how to write logging statements. In this paper, we focus on studying duplicate logging statements, which are logging statements that have the same static text message. Such duplications in the text message are potential indications of logging code smells, which may affect developers' understanding of the dynamic view of the system. We manually studied over 4K duplicate logging statements and their surrounding code in five large-scale open source systems: Hadoop, CloudStack, Elasticsearch, Cassandra, and Flink. We uncovered five patterns of duplicate logging code smells. For each instance of the duplicate logging code smell, we further manually identify the potentially problematic (i.e., require fixes) and justifiable (i.e., do not require fixes) cases. Then, we contact developers to verify our manual study result. We integrated our manual study result and developers' feedback into our automated static analysis tool, DLFinder, which automatically detects problematic duplicate logging code smells. We evaluated DLFinder on the five manually studied systems and three additional systems: Camel, Kafka and Wicket. In total, combining the results of DLFinder and our manual analysis, we reported 91 problematic duplicate logging code smell instances to developers and all of them have been fixed. We further study the relationship between duplicate logging statements, including the problematic instances of duplicate logging code smells, and code clones. We find that 83% of the duplicate logging code smell instances reside in cloned code, but 17% of them reside in micro-clones that are difficult to detect using automated clone detection tools. We also find that more than half of the duplicate logging statements reside in cloned code snippets, a

关键词： Static analysis

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Loss Functions in Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Review

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Elharrouss, Omar Mahmood, Yasir Bechqito, Yassine Serhani, Mohamed Adel Badidi, Elarbi Riffi, Jamal Tairi, Hamid Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering College of Information Technology United Arab Emirates University United Arab Emirates Department of Information Systems College of Computing and Informatics University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Informatics Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Fez Morocco

Loss functions are at the heart of deep learning, shaping how models learn and perform across diverse tasks. They are used to quantify the difference between predicted outputs and ground truth labels, guiding the optimization process to minimize errors. Selecting the right loss function is critical, as it directly impacts model convergence, generalization, and overall performance across various applications, from computer vision to time series forecasting. This paper presents a comprehensive review of loss functions, covering fundamental metrics like Mean Squared Error and Cross-Entropy to advanced functions such as Adversarial and Diffusion losses. We explore their mathematical foundations, impact on model training, and strategic selection for various applications, including computer vision (Discriminative and generative), tabular data prediction, and time series forecasting. For each of these categories, we discuss the most used loss functions in the recent advancements of deep learning techniques. Also, this review explore the historical evolution, computational efficiency, and ongoing challenges in loss function design, underlining the need for more adaptive and robust solutions. Emphasis is placed on complex scenarios involving multi-modal data, class imbalances, and real-world constraints. Finally, we identify key future directions, advocating for loss functions that enhance interpretability, scalability, and generalization, leading to more effective and resilient deep learning models. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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software development processes in ocean system modeling

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Jung, Reiner Gundlach, Sven Hasselbring, Wilhelm Software Engineering Group Department of Computer Science Kiel University Kiel Germany

Scientific modeling provides mathematical abstractions of real-world systems and builds software as implementations of these mathematical abstractions. Ocean science is a multidisciplinary discipline developing scientific models and simulations as ocean system models that are an essential research asset. In software engineering and information systems research, modeling is also an essential activity. In particular, business process modeling for business process management and systems engineering is the activity of representing processes of an enterprise, so that the current process may be analyzed, improved, and automated. In this paper, we employ process modeling for analyzing scientific software development in ocean science to advance the state in engineering of ocean system models and to better understand how ocean system models are developed and maintained in ocean science. We interviewed domain experts in semi-structured interviews, analyzed the results via thematic analysis, and modeled the results via the business process modeling notation BPMN. The processes modeled as a result describe an aspired state of software development in the domain, which are often not (yet) implemented. This enables existing processes in simulation-based system engineering to be improved with the help of these process models. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Process engineering

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Research on Restructuring Path of Children's Digital Publishing Supply and Demand Chain 2

Research on Restructuring Path of Children's Digital Publish...

引用

2nd International Conference on Information science and Education, ICISE-IE 2021

作者： Chen, Huan Liu, Ying Shan, Chan Zhang, Hequn School of Journalism and Communication of Minjiang University Fujian Fuzhou350108 China Department of Software Technology Xiamen Institute of Software Technology Fujian Xiamen China Department of Computer System and Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia College of Information Engineering Jimei University Xiamen361021 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665438292

In the era of rapid development of intelligent technology, the children's digital publishing industry is facing a disruptive change, and this change may be realized through the reconstruction of the supply and demand chain. The value power of source content creation and the ability to gather users have been deconstructed. The increase in the amount of content requires platform institutions to have a more professional content operation system. The convenience of payment technology has greatly increased the digital content payment rate of users of children's digital products. A development model of the supply and demand chain of children's digital publishing with more innovative flexibility and enabling effects. © 2021 IEEE

关键词： Economics

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Towards Task Sampler Learning for Meta-Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Jingyao Qiang, Wenwen Su, Xingzhe Zheng, Changwen Sun, Fuchun Xiong, Hui National Key Laboratory of Space Integrated Information System Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China Thrust of Artificial Intelligence Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Guangzhou China Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

Meta-learning aims to learn general knowledge with diverse training tasks conducted from limited data, and then transfer it to new tasks. It is commonly believed that increasing task diversity will enhance the generalization ability of meta-learning models. However, this paper challenges this view through empirical and theoretical analysis. We obtain three conclusions: (i) there is no universal task sampling strategy that can guarantee the optimal performance of meta-learning models;(ii) over-constraining task diversity may incur the risk of under-fitting or overfitting during training;and (iii) the generalization performance of meta-learning models are affected by task diversity, task entropy, and task difficulty. Based on this insight, we design a novel task sampler, called Adaptive Sampler (ASr). ASr is a plug-and-play module that can be integrated into any meta-learning framework. It dynamically adjusts task weights according to task diversity, task entropy, and task difficulty, thereby obtaining the optimal probability distribution for meta-training tasks. Finally, we conduct experiments on a series of benchmark datasets across various scenarios, and the results demonstrate that ASr has clear advantages. The code is publicly available at https://***/WangJingyao07/AdaptiveSampler. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Entropy

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Stochastic approximation approaches to group distributionally robust optimization 23

Stochastic approximation approaches to group distributionall...

引用

Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Lijun Zhang Peng Zhao Zhen-Hua Zhuang Tianbao Yang Zhi-Hua Zhou National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China and Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Texas A & M University College Station

This paper investigates group distributionally robust optimization (GDRO), with the purpose to learn a model that performs well over m different distributions. First, we formulate GDRO as a stochastic convex-concave saddle-point problem, and demonstrate that stochastic mirror descent (SMD), using m samples in each iteration, achieves an O(m(log m)/ε2) sample complexity for finding an ε-optimal solution, which matches the Ω(m/ε2) lower bound up to a logarithmic factor. Then, we make use of techniques from online learning to reduce the number of samples required in each round from m to 1, keeping the same sample complexity. Specifically, we cast GDRO as a two-players game where one player simply performs SMD and the other executes an online algorithm for non-oblivious multi-armed bandits. Next, we consider a more practical scenario where the number of samples that can be drawn from each distribution is different, and propose a novel formulation of weighted GDRO, which allows us to derive distribution-dependent convergence rates. Denote by ni the sample budget for the i-th distribution, and assume n1 ≥ n2 ≥ ··· ≥ nm. In the first approach, we incorporate non-uniform sampling into SMD such that the sample budget is satisfied in expectation, and prove that the excess risk of the i-th distribution decreases at an $O(\sqrt{n_1 \log m}/n_i)$ rate. In the second approach, we use mini-batches to meet the budget exactly and also reduce the variance in stochastic gradients, and then leverage stochastic mirror-prox algorithm, which can exploit small variances, to optimize a carefully designed weighted GDRO problem. Under appropriate conditions, it attains an O((log m) / √ni) convergence rate, which almost matches the optimal O(√1/ni) rate of only learning from the i-th distribution with ni samples.

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Leaf Guard: Detecting the Diseases in Banana Leaf

Leaf Guard: Detecting the Diseases in Banana Leaf

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Advancements in Computing (ICAC), International Conference on

作者： K. Yathurshan S. Barathy G. Karini P. Sajitha Pradeep Abeygunawardhna Kaushalya Rajapakse Department of Information Technology Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka Faculty of Engineering| Electrical & Electronic Engineering Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka

This research paper introduces “Leaf Guard,” a mobile app designed for disease detection and management in banana trees, specifically tailored for Sri Lanka's agricultural landscape. Through the amalgamation of image processing, deep learning, and customized chemical recommendations, this app proficiently identifies early-stage diseases, offering tailored remedies. Catering to farmers and agricultural experts, ‘Leaf Guard’ provides an intuitive tool, revolutionizing disease management and bolstering sustainable banana cultivation practices. By seamlessly integrating these cutting-edge technologies, this research significantly advances disease detection methods, paving the way for environmentally friendly and economical interventions. The study's findings not only enrich the realm of disease detection technology but also hold promise for future innovations, fostering sustainable approaches to enhance banana cultivation.

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Robust Secure Resource Optimization for RIS-Aided Backscatter Communication with HWIs and Channel Uncertainties

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Gao, Jingjing Xu, Yongjun Huang, Chongwen Li, Xingwang Zhou, Jihua Yuan, Yiming Jia, Huibin Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Communications and Information Engineering Chongqing400065 China Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Advanced Science Research Institute Chongqing400065 China Zhejiang University College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310027 China Henan Polytechnic University School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Jiaozuo454000 China Southwest University School of Software Southwest University College of Computer and Information Science Chongqing400715 China North China Electric Power University Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering Baoding071000 China

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided backscatter communication (BackCom) has recently attracted a lot of attention due to its potential to enhance energy efficiency (EE) and transmission robustness by reconstructing radio channel environments in a low-power-consumption way. However, most of the existing resource optimization approaches focused on perfect channel state information and ideal hardware conditions, so that the received signals may be distorted by channel uncertainties (e.g., channel estimation errors) and hardware impairments (HWIs) (e.g., distortion noises). To this end, we proposed a more realistic robust secure structure for a RIS-aided BackCom system with the consideration of channel uncertainties, HWIs, and one eavesdropper. Then, we formulate an EE-based maximization resource allocation problem by optimizing the transmit power of base station, the artificial noise power, the RIS's phase shift matrix, and the time slots. To tackle this non-convex problem, an iteration-based robust resource allocation algorithm is proposed by employing the worst-case approach, the variable substitution approach, and the alternating optimization approach. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has 14.84% increase in the EE and 8.78% reduction in outage probability compared to the other algorithms. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Channel estimation

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Self-adaptive vision-language model for 3D segmentation of pulmonary artery and vein

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Guo, Xiaotong Yang, Deqian Wang, Dan Zhao, Haochen Li, Yuan Sui, Zhilin Zhou, Tao Zhang, Lijun Meng, Yanda State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences China Department of Thoracic Surgery National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Cancer Hospital Shenzhen Hospital China School of Intelligent Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou310024 China R&D Center Guangxi Huayi Artificial Intelligence Medical Technology Co. Ltd. China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Department of Computer Science University of Exeter Exeter United Kingdom Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine University of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom Guangzhou Jiayi Software Technology Co. Ltd. China

Accurate segmentation of pulmonary structures is crucial in clinical diagnosis, disease study, and treatment planning. Significant progress has been made in deep learning-based segmentation techniques, but most require much labeled data for training. Consequently, developing precise segmentation methods that demand fewer labeled datasets is paramount in medical image analysis. The emergence of pre-trained vision-language foundation models, such as CLIP, recently opened the door for universal computer vision tasks. Exploiting the generalization ability of these pre-trained foundation models on downstream tasks, such as segmentation, leads to unexpected performance with a relatively small amount of labeled data. However, exploring these models for pulmonary artery-vein segmentation is still limited. This paper proposes a novel framework called Language-guided self-adaptive Cross-Attention Fusion Framework. Our method adopts pre-trained CLIP as a strong feature extractor for generating the segmentation of 3D CT scans, while adaptively aggregating the cross-modality of text and image representations. We propose a s pecially designed adapter module to fine-tune pre-trained CLIP with a self-adaptive learning strategy to effectively fuse the two modalities of embeddings. We extensively validate our method on a local dataset, which is the largest pulmonary artery-vein CT dataset to date and consists of 718 labeled data in total. The experiments show that our method outperformed other state-of-the-art methods by a large margin. Our data and code will be made publicly available upon acceptance. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visual languages

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User Acceptance of New HCI Technologies

User Acceptance of New HCI Technologies

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International IEEE Conference and Workshop: Óbuda on Electrical and Power engineering (CANDO-EPE)

作者： Jozsef Katona Attila Kovari Kandó Kálmán Faculty of Electrical Engineering Institute of Electronics and Communication Systems Obuda University Budapest Hungary Department of Software Development and Application Institute of Computer Engineering University of Dunaujvaros Dunaujvaros Hungary GAMF Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science John Von Neumann University Kecskemét Hungary Faculty of Computer Science Institute of Digital Technology Eszterházy Károly Catholic University Eger Hungary Department of Natural Sciences Institute of Engineering University of Dunaujvaros Dunaujvaros Budapest Hungary

Human-computer interaction (HCI) is an evolving field of research that focuses on understanding and improving the communication and interaction between humans and computers. Over the past decades, we have seen many significant advances in this field, which have contributed to the widespread adoption and integration of technology into our daily lives. HCI research and development aims to design information technology systems to meet the needs and preferences of users. Usability, efficiency, accessibility and user satisfaction are important considerations in HCI design. This paper presents the results of a pilot study on user acceptance of HCIs. The results show that users are positive about and willing to use HCIs.

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