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Text area identification in web images

3rd Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence, SETN 2004

作者： Perantonis, Stavros J. Gatos, Basilios Maragos, Vassilios Karkaletsis, Vangelis Petasis, George Computational Intelligence Laboratory Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications National Research Center 'Demokritos' Athens153 10 Greece Software and Knowledge Engineering Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications National Research Center 'Demokritos' Athens153 10 Greece Department of Computer Science Technological Educational Institution of Athens Egaleo122 10 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)3540219374

With the explosive growth of the World Wide Web, millions of documents are published and accessed on-line. Statistics show that a significant part of Web text information is encoded in Web images. Since Web images have special characteristics that sometimes distinguish them from other types of images, commercial OCR products often fail to recognize Web images due to their special characteristics. This paper proposes a novel Web image processing algorithm that aims to locate text areas and prepare them for OCR procedure with better results. Our methodology for text area identification has been fully integrated with an OCR engine and with an Information Extraction system. We present quantitative results for the performance of the OCR engine as well as qualitative results concerning its effects to the Information Extraction system. Experimental results obtained from a large corpus of Web images, demonstrate the efficiency of our methodology. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Image processing

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An authorization model for multimedia digital libraries

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International Journal on Digital Libraries 2004年第3期4卷 139-155页

作者： Kodali, Naren Farkas, Csilla Wijesekera, Duminda Department of Information and Software Engineering George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030-4444 United States Center for Secure Information Systems George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030-4444 United States Information Security Laboratory University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 United States

In this paper we present a generalized authorization model for multimedia digital libraries. Our aim is to support the enforcement of access control requirements of the original data sources without the need to create a new, unified model for the digital library. We integrate the three most widely used access control models (i.e., mandatory, discretionary, and role-based) within a single framework, allowing seamless accesses to data protected by these security models. In particular, we address the access control needs of continuous media data while supporting quality of service (QoS) requirements and preserving operational semantics. The technical core of the paper focuses on the development of metadata and the corresponding metastructure to represent authorization policies and QoS requirements and shows their applicabilty to continuous media. We define our security objects based on the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL), which controls multimedia presentations. Following the synchronization constructs 〈par〉 and 〈seq〉 of SMIL, we define a normal form for multimedia streams, called SMIL normal form. SMIL normal form provides a syntax-independent representation of semantically equivalent multimedia data. SMIL normal form compositions are extended (decorated) with RDF statements, representing security and QoS metadata. Interpretation of these statements and, therefore, the authorization and QoS requirements of the decorated multimedia object are defined by the metastructure, represented as a DAML+OIL ontology. We propose the concept of generalized subject that encompasses all access permissions of a given user regardless of the multiple permissions in different access control models. Finally, we develop methods to generate secure views for each generalized subject and retrieve them using a secure multimedia server. © Springer-Verlag 2004.

关键词： Access control Continuous media Digital library Metadata Semantics

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Grid computing in Taiwan

Grid computing in Taiwan

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IEEE Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems

作者： Chao-Tung Yang W.C. Chu Hihg-performance Computing Laboratory Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Software Engineering and Technology Center Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0769521185

Grid computing focuses on aggregating resources (e.g., processor cycles, disk storage and contents) from a large-scale computing environment. It intends to deliver high-performance distributed platforms for computationand/or data-intensive applications. In this paper, we study the enabling techniques for Grid computing for high-performance computing. Our goals are to: (1) understand the design of these key components; (2) set up a Grid computing platform; (3) learn how to create Grid-enabled high-performance applications; and (4) share experiences on constructing such platforms and applications from the status of Taiwan.

关键词： Grid computing Conferences Distributed computing

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Formal description of a generic graph model with RTPA

Formal description of a generic graph model with RTPA

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and computer engineering (CCECE)

作者： A. Adewumi Yingxu Wang Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Science University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Theoretical and Empirical Software Engineering Center University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada

Formal specification of abstract data types (ADTs) is important in modeling system architectures and their implementations. One of the most widely used ADTs is graph, since many problems in sciences and engineering can be formulated and solved by a graph model. In this paper, we present a formal approach to the specification of graphs as an ADT using real-time process algebra (RTPA). RTPA is a formal method that describes a software system, especially a real-time system, as a set of processes. We use RTPA to describe a generic graph model in three parts encompassing the architecture, static and dynamic behaviors. In the RTPA specification, the graph behaviors can be classified into four categories, namely: (a) basic operations (InsertNode, DeleteNode, InsertEdge, DeleteEdge, GetSize, GetNumberOfEdges, Retrieve, Update, and Search); (b) node/edge-specific operations (FindNode, FindEdge, Fanin, Fanout, FindNeighbours, and Degree); (c) pointer operations (CurrentNode and CurrentEdge); and (d) utility operations (Create, Clear, and Release). Each of the 20 operations is formally described by an RTPA processes in a unified encapsulation of graph behaviors. On the basis of the RTPA graph model, a wide range of graph-based applications can be implemented by sharing the common architecture and behaviors of the graph as a system type or class.

关键词： computer architecture Formal specifications Algebra software systems Real time systems software engineering Tree graphs Encapsulation Application software Mathematical model

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Commonsense notions of proximity and direction in environmental space

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Spatial Cognition and Computation 2004年第4期4卷 285-312页

作者： Worboys, Michael Duckham, Matt Kulik, Lars National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis University of Maine Boardman Hall Orono ME 04469 United States Department of Geomatics University of Melbourne Australia Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Melbourne Australia

It is desirable that formal theories of qualitative reasoning should be informed by the ways in which humans conceptualize the spaces in which they live. The work described in this paper uses data provided in experiments with human subjects to derive some regularities in such conceptualizations. The data concern human conceptualization of proximity and direction within a university campus. The results are analyzed using several approaches. In particular, the relationship between geometric and human conceptual models of the space is explored;the structure and regularities of combinations of proximity and direction relations are examined;and the issue of granularity in vague spatial relations is considered. Overall, the results show that while individual differences between humans are important, there are striking regularities in the population's notions of distance and direction in the space. The paper concentrates primarily on the formal foundations of commonsense notions of proximity and direction, but also identifies links to more applied domains, such as mobile and location-aware navigation systems. © 2003, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

关键词： Navigation systems

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Issues in using students in empirical studies in software engineering education

Issues in using students in empirical studies in software en...

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International Symposium on software Metrics

作者： J. Carver L. Jaccheri S. Morasca F. Shull Experimental Software Engineering Group Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park MD USA Department of Computer and Information Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Fisiche e Matematiche Universitàdegli Studi dell E28099Insubria Como Italy Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering MD

Several empirical studies have been carried out with college students as subjects in the last few years. Researchers often use these studies to pilot experiments before they are carried out in industrial environments. Reports on these studies usually focus on the results obtained and issues such as their external validity. However, the effects and value of empirical studies with students may go beyond the contribution to scientific literature. For instance, the pedagogical challenges and value of these studies is hardly ever stressed. We identify four primary actors that are involved in these empirical studies, i.e., researchers, students, instructors, and industry. We discuss the costs and benefits of empirical studies with students for these actors, which are different because of the actors' different goals, expectations, and constraints, which must be recognized to fully exploit empirical studies with students. We also provide some advice on how to carry out empirical studies with students based on our experiences.

关键词： software engineering Educational institutions software quality Solids software measurement software tools Proposals computer science education computer science Information science

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Aligning simulation models of smallpox outbreaks

Aligning simulation models of smallpox outbreaks

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2nd Symposium on Intelligence and Security Informatics, ISI 2004

作者： Chen, Li-Chiou Kaminsky, Boris Tummino, Tiffany Carley, Kathleen M. Casman, Elizabeth Fridsma, Douglas Yahja, Alex Institute for Software Research International School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Center for Biomedical Informatics School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15213 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540221258

We aligned two fundamentally different models of smallpox transmission after a bioterrorist attack: A location-explicit multi-agent model (Bio- War) and the conventional epidemiological box model, called a SIR model for Susceptible-Infected-Recovered. The purpose of this alignment is part of a greater validation process for BioWar. From this study we were able to contribute to the overall validation of the complex agent based model, showing that, at the minimum, the epidemiological curves produced by the two models were approximately equivalent, both in overall and the time course of infection and mortality. Subtle differences on the model results revealed the impact of heterogeneous mixing in the spread of smallpox. Based on this foundation, we will be able to further investigate the policy responses against the outbreaks of contagious diseases by improving heterogeneous properties of agents, which cannot be simulated in a SIR model. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Autonomous agents

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Benchmarking algorithms for dynamic travelling salesman problems

Benchmarking algorithms for dynamic travelling salesman prob...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： Lishan Kang Aimin Zhou B. McKay Yan Li Zhuo Kang State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering Wuhan University of China Wuhan China Department of Computer Science & Technology China University of Geoscience Wuhan China School of IT & EE University of New South Wales Canberra Australia Computer Center Wuhan University Wuhan China

Dynamic optimisation problems are becoming increasingly important; meanwhile, progress in optimisation techniques and in computational resources are permitting the development of effective systems for dynamic optimisation, resulting in a need for objective methods to evaluate and compare different techniques. The search for effective techniques may be seen as a multi-objective problem, trading off time complexity against effectiveness; hence benchmarks must be able to compare techniques across the Pareto front, not merely at a single point. We propose benchmarks for the dynamic travelling salesman problem, adapted from the CHN-144 benchmark of 144 Chinese cities for the static travelling salesman problem. We provide an example of the use of the benchmark, and illustrate the information that can be gleaned from analysis of the algorithm performance on the benchmarks.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms Distributed computing Grid computing Traveling salesman problems Cities and towns computer networks Peer to peer computing Optimization methods Mobile computing Evolutionary computation

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Flow-Service-Quality (FSQ) engineering: foundations for high-assurance network systems development

Flow-Service-Quality (FSQ) engineering: foundations for high...

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IEEE International Symposim on High Assurance Systems engineering

作者： R.C. Linger A.R. Hevner G. Walton M.G. Pleszkoch CERT Research Center Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Information Systems & Decision Sciences Dept University of South Florida Tampa FL USA Department of Mathematics & Computer Science Florida Southern College Lakeland FL USA IBM Global Services & CERT Research Center Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University USA

High-assurance development of large-scale, network-centric systems must address challenging engineering realities. Flow-Service-Quality (FSQ) engineering provides foundations and practices that accommodate these reali... 详细信息

关键词： Maintenance engineering Control systems Reliability engineering Uncertainty Humans Large-scale systems Systems engineering and theory Network topology Information systems Mathematics

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Testing and certification of trustworthy systems introduction to minitrack

Testing and certification of trustworthy systems introductio...

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Annual Hawaii International Conference on System sciences (HICSS)

作者： A.R. Hevner R.C. Linger G.H. Walton Information Systems & Decision Sciences Department University of South Florida Tampa FL USA CERT Research Center Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Mathematics & Computer Science Florida Southern College Lakeland FL USA

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